1986 SURVEY OF CONSUMER FINANCES: TECHNICAL MANUAL AND CODEBOOK Robert B. Avery and Arthur B. Kennickell Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System November 9, 1988 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SURVEY DESCRIPTION AND OVERVIEW 1 1.11 Introduction 1 1.12 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances 7 1.13 Survey Design 10 1.14 Sample Weights 11 1.15 Non-response and Imputations of Missing Data 25 1.15 Comparability With Other Data 28 1.16 Manual Instructions 34 1.17 Acknowledgements 36 2. DEMOGRAPHICS (VARIABLE DESCRIPTIONS) 2.1 Weights and I.D. codes 39 2.11 Observation code (C1,B1) 39 2.12 Sample Codes (C1001-C1006) 39 2.13 Sample Weights (C1007-C1020) 40 2.2 Household Demographics 45 2.21 Persons in Household (C1101-C1112) 45 2.22 Household Characteristics (C1113-C1131,B3111,C1301,C1302) 50 2.23 Geographic Location (C1132-C1134) 55 2.24 Respondent (C1135,C1136,C1605) 57 2.25 Household Unit (Dwelling) Residents (C1135-C1176) 57 2.25 Ages of Children Living Outside the Home (C1177-C1185) 60 2.26 Interview characteristics and time (C1186-C1197) 60 3. CHANGES 3.1 Change Variables 1983 to 1986 65 3.11 Marital Status Change (C1201-C1202) 65 3.12 Changes in Household Composition (C1136,C1203-C1209) 65 3.13 Moving (C1210,C1504-C1505) 68 3.14 New Location (C1211-C1216) 70 3.15 Price Change (C1217) 80 3.16 Savings and Savings Attitudes (C1218-C1225,C1461-C1462) 81 3.2 Life Events 86 3.21 Share Living Quarters (C1251-C1261) 86 3.22 Divorce (C1262-C1263) 88 3.23 Alimony (C1264-C1271) 89 3.24 Child Support and Custody (C1272-C1280) 90 3.25 Divorce -- Other Financial Aspects (C1281-C1283) 92 3.26 Widowhood (C1284-C1292) 93 3.3 Revenues and Expenditures 97 3.31 Household Income (C1301-C1306) 97 3.32 FInancial Support (C1307-C1315) 99 3.33 Windfalls (C1316-C1317) 101 3.34 Auto, Home Improvement, Major Durable, and Health Expenses (C1319-C1321) 102 3.35 Health Insurance (C1322-C1335) 103 3.36 Education Expenses (C1336-C1345) 106 3.37 Financial Support Given (C1346-C1354) 109 3.38 Other Expenses (C1355-C1358) 110 3.39 Gifts of Time (C1346-C1354) 112 3.40 Total Reported Expenses (C1355-C1358) 112 4. ASSETS AND LIABILITIES 4.1 Balance Sheet Data 114 4.11 Financial Assets (C1401-C1416) 114 4.12 Real Assets (C1417-C1422,C1512-C1513) 116 4.13 Debts (C1423-C1444,C1525-C1526) 119 4.14 Net Worth and Balance Sheet Totals (C1445-C1460) 123 4.15 Savings (C1461-C1462) 125 4.2 Housing and Home Mortgages 128 4.21 Residential/Moving Information (C1501-C1506) 128 4.22 Disposition of 1983 Home (C1507-C1509) 130 4.23 Current Home (C1510-C1515) 131 4.24 Purchase Information (C1516-C1524) 132 4.25 Mortgage Summaries (C1525-C1526) 135 4.26 Individual Mortgage Totals (C1527,C1528,C1542,C1543) 136 4.27 Date of Mortgage (C1529-C1533,C1544-C1548) 137 4.28 Amount Borrowed on Mortgage (C1534,C1549) 138 4.29 Payments/Interest (C1535-C1541,C1550-C1555) 138 5. EMPLOYMENT 5.1 Head and Spouse Demographic data 142 5.11 Age and Sex (C1601-C1605,C1701-C1705) 142 5.12 Marital History (C1125,C1126,C1201,C1202, C1606-C1629 C1706-C1729) 143 5.13 Education and Health (C1630-C1636,C1730-C1736) 147 5.14 Current Job Status (C1637-C1639,C1737-C1739) 149 5.15 Job History (C1640-C1644,C1740-C1744) 150 5.16 Retirement Ages (C1645-C1650,C1745-C1750) 151 5.2 Current Job 155 5.21 Occupation/Industry (C1801-C1810,C1901-C1910) 155 5.22 Last Worked on Job/Number of Years on Job (C1811-C1815,C1911-C1915) 158 5.23 Job Terms/Wages (C1816-C1819,C1916-C1919) 160 5.24 Pension Coverage (C1819,C1820,C1919,C1920) 161 5.25 Calculated Relative Real Wage Growth Variables (C1822-C1827,C1922-C1927) 162 5.26 Occupation Code Employment Data (C1828-C1830,C1928-C1930) 163 5.3 1983 Job and Pension Data 5.31 1983 Job Status (C1851,C1852,C1951,C1952) 166 5.32 Leaving 1983 Job (C1853-C1859,C1953-C1959) 167 5.33 1983 Job Pension (C1860-C1864,C1960-C1964) 169 5.34 1983 Job, Spousal Benefits (C1865-C1869,C1965-C1969) 170 5.35 Other Pension Benefits (C1870,C1871,C1970,C1971) 172 5.36 Other Pension, Spousal Benefits (C1872-C1876,C1972-C1976) 173 INTRODUCTION The Federal Reserve Board has sponsored a series of Surveys of Consumer Finances (SCF) dating back to the 1940's. After a several-year hiatus in the 1970s, the survey effort was renewed in 1983 and now continues, in expanded form, on a triennial basis. The 1986 survey is the second of this new series. The earlier surveys, conducted annually by the Survey Research Center (SRC) at the University of Michigan between 1946 and 1970, concentrated on collecting information on household expectations and purchase intentions. Only very sketchy information was gathered on household finances, although some data on debts and income were collected in the later years. Although the surveys were discontinued in 1970, in 1977 the Federal Reserve and other federal bank regulatory agencies sponsored an ad hoc survey on consumer credit usage. Also conducted by SRC, this survey gathered detailed data on consumer debts and attitudes toward debt. Information was also collected on assets, thereby permitting the calculation of household wealth. In 1983 the Board decided to initiate a new series of Surveys of Consumer Finances with an emphasis on the measurement of household wealth. The recognition of a number of federal agencies, particularly the Federal Reserve and Department of Health and Human Services, that they had a joint interest in collecting high-quality household financial data precipitated this decision. Joint survey sponsorship from several agencies produced a much richer questionnaire than would have been likely under narrower guidance. The 1983 survey gathered detailed data on household balance sheets, income and employment history, expectations of retirement and future pension and Social Security benefits, and attitudes toward and use of consumer credit. In addition, SRC performed a linked survey of the employers of survey respondents designed to gather detailed information on the structure of firms' pension plans. In order to ensure that the entire wealth distribution was adequately sampled, the 1983 SCF supplemented its cross-section sample with an additional sample of wealthy respondents drawn from tax files. The 1986 wave of the SCF reinterviewed 1983 survey respondents. While this questionnaire obtained less detailed balance sheet data, sufficient information was collected to compute saving for these households over 1983-86. Employment information was also obtained to update the work history of the panel. In addition, the 1986 survey opened new lines of inquiry to explore the broad role of the family in economic behavior. Planning is now underway for a third wave of the new SCF, scheduled to take place in 1989. This manual describes the set of recoded, edited, and imputed variables developed at the Federal Reserve Board for the 1986 wave of the SCF. It documents the procedures used for editing the raw survey responses, the statistical methods used for imputing missing data, the construction of new variables from the original variables, and the addition of new variables which have been created by matching survey data with information from other sources. The manual also presents technical material on the survey's design and weights. It should be used in conjunction with a number of other documents, including the comparable manual for the 1983 wave, cited below; the SRC release titled the "1986 Survey of Consumer Finances," which describes those variables representing the raw responses of the survey respondents; and a comparable release from SRC for the 1983 SCF. Additional information on the SCFs, particularly the 1986 wave, can be obtained from: Robert B. Avery, Gregory E. Elliehausen, and Arthur B. Kennickell, "Changes in Consumer Installment Debt: Evidence from the 1983 and 1986 Surveys of Consumer Finances," Federal Reserve Bulletin, Vol. 73, No. 10 (October 1987), pp. 761-778. Robert B. Avery and Arthur B. Kennickell, "Savings and Wealth: Evidence from the 1986 Survey of Consumer Finances," presented at the May 1988 NBER Conference on Research in Income and Wealth. Robert B. Avery, Gregory E. Elliehausen, Glenn B. Canner, and Thomas A. Gustafson, "1983 Survey of Consumer Finances," Federal Reserve Bulletin, 70 (September 1984): pp. 679-92. , "1983 Survey of Consumer Finances: A Second Report," Federal Reserve Bulletin, 70 (December 1984): pp. 857-868. Robert B. Avery and Gregory E. Elliehausen, 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances: Technical Manual and Codebook, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1985. , "Financial Characteristics of High-Income Families," Federal Reserve Bulletin, 72 (March 1986): pp. 163-77. Robert B. Avery, Gregory E. Elliehausen, and Arthur B. Kennickell, "Measuring Wealth with Survey Data: An Evaluation of the 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances," Review of Income and Wealth, December 1988. The data from the 1983 and 1986 SCF waves and the supplemental pension survey are available on request from the National Technical Information Service, 5283 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161 (telephone 703-487-4600). THE 1983 SURVEY OF CONSUMER FINANCES The 1983 SCF was conducted through in-person household interviews between February and August 1983. Complete details on the survey can be found in the 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances: Technical Manual and Codebook. Briefly, the survey -- sponsored jointly by The Federal Reserve Board; the Department of Health and Human Services; the Department of the Treasury, Office of Tax Analysis; the Federal Trade Commission; the Department of Labor; the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency; and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation -- was conducted by the Survey Research Center. The sample group was drawn from a dual frame: 5,396 households were selected for interviewing from a standard area-probability frame and 5,000 returns of high-income taxpayers were selected by the Statistics of Income Division (SOI) of the Internal Revenue Service. Of the households selected for the area-probability sample, 3,824 (71 percent) ultimately participated; this figure is somewhat lower than expected due to a higher than expected rate of vacant dwellings. At first, the SOI sample members were approached indirectly. The Comptroller of the Currency sent introductory letters requesting participation in the study to a sample of high-income 1980 taxpayers selected by SOI and residing in the same sampling areas used for the area probability sample. Of the 459 households that subsequently agreed to participate, 438 ultimately completed interviews. While the completion rate in the SOI sample is not high, it appears to be not radically out of line with response rates to previous SOI mail surveys. Within each survey household, the "economically dominant" (primary) family (or individual) was interviewed. The same questionnaire was used to interview respondents in both the area- probability and high-income samples, and field interviewers were not told which households were part of the high-income sample. The length of the interview averaged 74 minutes for the area- probability sample and 87 minutes for the high-income sample. Information was collected (at the household level) on the following items: Financial Assets. The amount, type, and source of each household checking, savings, and money market account. Household holdings of publicly traded stock, bonds, certificates of deposit, mutual funds, trusts, and notes or land contracts. Face and cash value of life insurance. Tangible Assets. The value and purchase terms of the household's principal residence, other real estate, and automobiles. Limited data on the value and characteristics of businesses in which a member of the household had both a management and equity interest. Pension Assets. I.R.A., Keogh, thrift, profit sharing, 401K, and other tax-deferred account holdings. Estimates of the present value and other information on each current or expected pension, including Social Security, of the household head and spouse. Household Debts. The purpose, amount outstanding, source, and terms of each household debt, including home mortgages and home equity loans, lines of credit, credit cards, and other consumer loans. Demographic Data. Education, employment and marital history, age, race, and earnings for the head and spouse of each household. A detailed breakdown of income by source. Attitudes and Financial Decision Making. Attitudes toward saving and credit use. Data on the use of financial services, methods of choosing among competing sources, and the number and proximity of the respondent's financial institutions. A unique and powerful feature of the 1983 SCF is the range of information on pensions and retirement. In addition to data gathered from respondents (and their spouses) about their expected dates of retirement and their expected benefits from Social Security and pensions, the names of their employers were also obtained. Using this information, the pension plans were identified, and detailed information on the plans was drawn from the Summary Plan Descriptions filed with the Department of Labor. Publicly available software has been developed to translate this complex information into more digestible figures, such as present values of benefits and effects of various decisions (such as early retirement) on pension benefits. This offers the opportunity to compare respondents' perceptions of their pension benefits and coverage with the "reality" as provided by the firms. SURVEY DESIGN The 1986 SCF -- sponsored by the Federal Reserve Board, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the General Accounting Office -- was a more limited 27-minute re-interview survey with respondents to the 1983 SCF. When 1983 couples divorced or separated, the survey followed both parties. However, other members who left the household, such as young adults were not followed. A total of 2,822 interviews were completed, by telephone, between June and September 1986. As in 1983, the unit of observation was the family. The 1986 SCF was designed primarily to update essential information in the 1983 SCF -- the household balance sheet and employment data. Sufficient information was collected that household net worth could be estimated, although more aggregated asset and debt categories were used (roughly 25 categories versus 85 in 1983). Limited information was also solicited on the disposition of assets in divorce or upon death of a spouse, purchases and sales of houses, and major expenditures for health, durables, charity, and education. Substantial new information was collected on gifts made or received by the household and the recipient or source of those gifts. In a related vein, data were gathered on the sharing of living quarters over the three-year period. In addition, income, marital, and employment history over the intervening three-year period was gathered. 1986 SAMPLE WEIGHTS Because observations for the 1983 SCF were drawn from two different sampling frames, and because the 1986 survey is a re-interview with only a portion of the 1983 sample, construction of appropriate sample weights is a particularly important issue. Weights for the 1983 survey were constructed in two phases. Relative weights for the area-probability sample were constructed to compensate for differential non-response rates across the survey's 75 primary sampling units. Those weights were further post-stratified by region and degree of urbanization to reflect population estimates from the March 1983 Current Population Survey (CPS). Construction of weights for the full 1983 sample, including both the area-probability and high-income sub-samples, posed a more difficult problem. Full information on the high-income sampling procedure is not available, nor is the information collected from survey respondents sufficient to construct a fully accurate measure of the income concepts that the IRS likely used in drawing the sample. Additional complications stem from the fact that the high-income observations were selected from a 1980 sampling frame, but reported data as of 1983, and the fact that the reporting basis for tax files (individuals or married couples) is not always the same as the survey (families). These problems led to the design of 1983 sampling weights for the high-income sample (and area-probability observations with income above a certain level) using a post-stratification scheme based on control totals for an "extended" income measure (roughly, equal to IRS-defined adjusted gross income plus excluded realized capital gains) constructed from the 1982 Tax Model File (TMF) of the IRS. Weights were determined so that the weighted number of survey observations for six cells with extended income above $80,000 matched TMF control totals. The original weights of the area-probability observations with income below $80,000 were adjusted so that the weighted number of SCF households equaled the population estimated from the CPS. High-income sample observations with income below $80,000 were arbitrarily assigned the same weight as observations in the $80,000 to $90,000 group. Construction of the 1986 sample weights proved even more problematic. As we argue later, there are at least two different interpretations of the 1986 sample relevant for analysis. Thus, at least two different 1986 weights are necessary. For many purposes, it is useful to view the 1986 sample as a sub-sample of the 1983 survey. However, it is also possible to view the 1986 sample as a new cross-section, representative of the structure of the 1986 household population. Accordingly, we have constructed two sampling weights for the 1986 sample. The first weight -- which we term the "1983/86 weight" -- was designed to allow the sample of households reached in 1986 to represent the entire 1983 sample. The second 1986 sample weight -- deemed the "1986 weight" -- may be used to represent the 1986 household population. As the basis for both weights, the original 1983 weights were adjusted for attrition using a multi-stage probability model estimated with a variety of 1983 financial, demographic and other characteristics; the 1983 weight was multiplied by the inverse of the estimated probability of being in the 1986 sample. As can be seen in table 1, the 1986 sample is clearly not a random sample from the 1983 survey. Each weight was further adjusted for changes in marital status and for deviations from externally observed measures of the population structure. At the second stage of calculation, for the 1983/86 weight, the base weight was halved for all households that separated or divorced; for the 1986 weight, households married since the 1983 survey received half of the base weight. Although the sample follows separations and divorces of primary family heads and spouses, these second-stage adjustments do not fully reflect external measures of the structure of the population. Finally, to compensate for this difference, the weights were post-stratified to age, marital status (including the sex of single respondents), and homeownership cells. As discussed below, this adjustment was performed in either of two ways, by using information from 1983 and 1986 independently, or by exploiting the information in the change in the population structure between the two years. Table 1 Sample Attrition Weighted Percent of Weighted percent of 1983 group percent of 1983 sample in 1986 1986 sample Age (head) under 25 8.0 56.6 8.6 25 to 34 22.6 62.8 23.7 35 to 44 19.5 68.9 20.8 45 to 54 15.5 67.7 14.4 55 to 64 15.0 69.3 14.5 65 or more 19.4 56.6 18.0 Marital Status married 60.6 67.8 64.3 sep/divorced male 4.9 56.9 4.4 sep/divorced female 10.7 66.5 11.2 widowed male 1.9 46.2 1.3 widowed female 9.5 58.0 8.1 never married male 6.3 57.4 5.7 never married female 6.1 49.4 5.0 Race Caucasian 82.3 67.5 82.3 Nonwhite or Hispanic 17.7 47.7 17.7 Family Income (1982) less than $10,000 24.0 46.5 21.2 $10,000 to $19,999 26.8 62.1 28.7 $20,000 to $29,999 19.3 69.8 19.7 $30,000 to $49,999 19.7 75.2 20.1 $50,000 to $99,999 8.2 77.0 8.3 $100,000 or more 2.0 80.0 2.1 Family Net Worth less than $100,000 76.6 61.2 77.4 $100,000 to $249,999 14.7 72.0 13.5 $250,000 to $999,999 7.1 75.0 7.7 $1,000,000 to $2,499,999 1.2 77.2 1.1 $2,500,000 or more 0.5 71.4 0.4 Homeownership homeowners 63.4 70.9 64.4 other 36.6 52.1 35.6 Education of the head 0 to 8 grades 14.5 55.1 14.2 9 to 12 grades 44.9 61.6 45.6 some college 17.7 66.4 17.4 college graduate 22.9 72.7 22.8 Labor force participation Married only head working 19.0 70.6 20.6 only spouse working 4.0 56.9 3.9 head & spouse working 27.8 73.1 31.1 neither working 9.8 52.0 8.7 Single working 22.4 65.1 21.5 not working 17.0 49.1 14.2 Sample area-probability 98.2 63.7 98.1 high-income 1.8 82.9 1.9 Total 100.0 64.0 100.0 *Groups are defined by their 1983 status. For the 1986 weight, there are two qualifications to these post-stratification schemes. First, the 1983 SCF interviewed only independent households. However, because at any given time a significant proportion of younger adults are in school or the military, or live with their parents, those younger people living independently at the time of the 1983 SCF are unlikely to represent the population of households of their cohort three years later. Therefore, the sample has not been weighted to represent the population of households with heads aged 24 and under in 1986. Households that fell into that group in 1986 were assigned weights adjusted for attrition and marital status change, but were not post-stratified to 1986 control totals. For this reason, we strongly recommend that only those households aged 25 or more in 1986 be used for analysis of changes. Second, some individuals who were heads of households (or spouses of heads) in 1983 moved into living arrangements where in 1986 they would no longer have been defined as a head or spouse using SRC definitions (such as young adults moving back to their parents' home). In these circumstances, the post-stratification scheme used the age, sex, and marital status of the 1986 household member who would have been identified as the head, instead of the characteristics of the 1983 respondent. What follows is a more formal description of the derivation of the 1986 weights. Let W83 , original weight in the 1983 survey. Let W8386 be the weight that weights the 1986 sample to represent the 1983 population. Let W86 be the weight that weights the 1986 sample to represent the 1986 population. These weights are closely related. Suppose for the moment that there had been no attrition from the sample between 1983 and 1986 and that the household universe in each year was equivalent (absent the effects of aging), but there had been some number of divorces and new marriages. In this case, W8386 = W83 /2 if a couple has been divorced or = W83 otherwise; or summarize the relationship between W83 and W8386 by W8386 = W83 * phi(1) ; and W86 = W8386 /2 if a single person has married outside the sample, W86 = W8386 * 2 if a couple has been divorced, or W86 = W8386 otherwise; or summarize the relationship of W8386 to W86 for each individual by W86 = W8386 * phi(2) . First we relax the assumption of no sample attrition between 1983 and 1986. Let the inverse of the true probability of each household's remaining in the sample be given by b. A part of b can be estimated using the information on the distribution of characteristics observed in the 1983 sample, and a part, say G, is related to unobservable characteristics. Let this relationship be summarized as b = a * G In this case, the relationships among the weights are summarized by W8386 = W83 * phi(1) * a * G and W86 = W8386 * phi(2) * a * G . The quantities W83, phi(1), phi(2), and a are all directly estimable. One way to estimate the missing parameter G is to use information available about the structure of the population in 1983 and 1986 to estimate G iteratively in the following way. Let the population in 1983 and in 1986 be divided into s = 1,...,n cells and let p83(s) and p86(s) be the true population counts for cell s. Define W8386(i), W86(i) and G(i) as the ith-round estimates of W8386, W83 and G, respectively. Let sigma8386(i)(s) be a scaling factor such that sigma8386(i)(s)* sum(over W8386 in cell s) W8386(i)= p83(s) ; similarly, let sigma86(i) be defined by sigma86(i)(s)* sum(over W86 in cell s) W86(i)=p86(s) ; Dropping the cell-specific notation for simplicity, the iterations are defined as follows: W8386(0)=W83*phi(1)*a*sigma8386(0) W86(0)=W8386(0)*phi(2)*a*sigma86(0) W8386(1)=W8386(0)*phi(1)*a*sigma8386(1) W86(1)=W8386(1)*phi(2)*a*sigma86(1) . . . . . . W8386(T)=W8386(T)*phi(1)*a*sigma8386(T) W86(T)=W8386(T)*phi(2)*a*sigma86(T) Implicitly, the final estimate of G for each case is given by G(T)= {product(i=0 to T) sigma8386(i)} * {product(i=0 to T) sigma86(i)} In terms of this notation, the difference between the sets of weights given in this codebook that use 1983 and 1986 data independently for post-stratification (C1013, C1015 and C1016) and the weights that use both years of data jointly (C1014, C1017 and C1018) is that the former uses only the first round of this iterative process while the latter is based on the 30th iteration (change is minimal after the 10th iteration). As discussed further below, however, this difference can also be interpreted in terms of the comparability of the household universes in each year. As we have proceeded, the estimation of the attrition adjustment model that underlies the calculation of a is a multi-stage process. A set of the 1983 final area-probability sample were excluded in 1986 when neither telephone nor address information was obtainable; all of the original high-income sample were approached. For the area-probability cases, a probit model is estimated for this first-stage exclusion (that adjustment is identically unity for the high-income cases). At the second stage, attrition is modeled separately for different 1983 populations: single males, single females and married couples. The modeling for the single people is straightforward; either the individuals were found or not found. The 1983 married couples are somewhat more complicated: if the couple remain married to each other, they can be found or not found; if they divorce, either can be found separately, or either or both can be not found. For this group, the probabilities of these events are computed using two models sequentially: the first model calculates the probability that both halves of a 1983 married couple are found (still married to each other, married to someone else, or as single people), and the second model calculates the probability that one person was found (either alone or married to someone else) given that both halves were not found. In terms of the notation above, the final estimate of a is given by ( Pr2(found), for 1983 single males, found; | | Pr3(found), for 1983 single female, found; | a = Pr1(in 1st | stage sample) * { Pr4(both found), for 1983 married couples, | both found; or | | (1-Pr4(both found))*Pr5(one found), for ( 1983 married couples, one found. All of these probability models were estimated as weighted probits using nearly the same set of independent variables drawn entirely from the 1983 data. These variables include: a quadratic spline on the age of the 1983 head of household, dummies for years of education, indicators of income (logarithm of total family income, dummy for capital income, logarithm of capital income, interactions of age of the head of the household with the logarithms of total family income and capital income), indicators of wealth (logarithm of net wealth, dummy for home ownership, dummy for mortgage on the principal residence, dummy for consumer debt and logarithm of consumer debt, dummy for credit card debt, logarithm of paper assets), household composition variables (number of people in the household, number of children in the household, age of the youngest and oldest children, dummy for children outside the household), an interaction term of the age of the head of the household with the dummy for homeownership, number of years the respondent had lived in the county of residence in 1983, a dummy reflecting whether the respondent had given "saving to buy a house" as a reason for saving in 1983, a dummy for membership in the high-income sample, and variables reflecting the level of interest and suspicion that interviewers perceived in the respondents in 1983. The post-stratification cells were designed to reflect CPS population characteristics while preserving differences due to different styles of measurement in the CPS and the SCF. For W8386, the post-stratification cells were a cross of 1983 family type (single female, single male, or married couple) by age class (1983 ages 22 to 41, 42 to 61, and 62 and over) by 1983 housing tenure (homeowner or not); for W86, 1986 characteristics were used to define identical cells except in the case of the age groups (age cells were 25 to 44, 45 to 64, and 65 and over). The 1983 control totals were derived from the full sample of the 1983 SCF; to preserve subtle differences between Census and SRC sampling procedures, the 1986 control totals were calculated as the 1986 CPS cell counts less the difference between the counts for the same cells in the 1983 CPS and the 1983 SCF. The post-stratification procedures followed in creating these weights make implicit assumptions about the dynamics of the underlying household universe. For the versions of W8386 that reweight the sample to align with 1983 controls independently of 1986 information (C1015 and C1016), the assumption is simply that the adjusted 1986 sample is still representative of the population from which it was originally drawn. However, the question is somewhat more complex for the 1986 weights (C1013 and C1014) and the versions of W8386 that use both 1983 and 1986 information for post-stratification (C1017 and C1018); all of these weights implicitly assume that the 1986 household universe is simply an aging of the 1983 universe with additions at the younger end for newly-formed households. While it is obvious that this assumption is not strictly valid (e.g., there is immigration), there is little information available to assess how significantly it deviates from reality. As one check of this difference, we have taken the population of heads and spouses represented in the 1983 CPS, aged that population three years with adjustments for mortality, and compared it with the group of heads and spouses actually observed in the 1986 CPS (table 2). As expected, the largest deviations appear at the younger end of the age distribution where people are moving from living in institutional arrangements (dormitories, the military, jail, etc.) to living in households. While this difference is particularly great below the age 25 cut-off we have chosen in computing our weights, the pattern is pronounced into the 30s for both sexes. For older people, the differences reflect movements into institutional quarters, particularly nursing homes. However, it is surprising that this over-prediction begins in the 56 to 60 age group. This may reflect either substantial population shifts that we have not identified or errors in the mortality factors applied. Table 2 Difference in Actual and Predicted 1986 CPS Household Population, By Age Groups (Thousands of Persons) Age group Males Females Males and Females Actual Actual Actual Actual Actual Actual -Predicted -Predicted -Predicted 21 to 25 2,719 4,417 3,105 6,219 5,824 10,636 26 to 30 1,555 7,753 1,053 8,825 2,608 16,578 31 to 35 558 8,206 530 9,139 1,088 17,345 36 to 40 272 7,682 129 8,358 401 16,041 41 to 45 -255 6,110 -99 6,642 -354 12,752 46 to 50 48 5,200 -66 5,528 -18 10,728 51 to 55 155 4,984 -4 5,367 152 10,351 56 to 60 -49 5,011 -88 5,569 -137 10,581 61 to 65 -260 4,572 2 5,479 -258 10,050 66 to 70 -157 3,787 -107 4,592 -264 8,379 71 to 75 -267 2,807 -248 3,781 -515 6,589 76 to 80 -156 1,736 -292 2,558 -447 4,294 Over 80 -490 1,245 -583 2,288 -1,073 3,529 One final complication for W8386 is the treatment of households that passed out of the sampled universe of households either by moving to an institution, or by dying (these cannot be distinguished from the data coded). For some purposes turning on questions of differential mortality, it may be useful to have estimates of the 1983 population including this group of households. For this reason, versions of W8386 including such households have been provided (C1016 and C1018). Note that W86 is identically zero for these cases. NON-RESPONSE AND IMPUTATIONS OF MISSING DATA In any household survey, some responses to survey questions will be missing due to respondents' lack of knowledge or unwillingness to answer. In keeping with most comparable surveys, extensive steps were undertaken to impute missing data for the 1983 and 1986 SCFs. The size and complexity of the SCF made imputation difficult. While the sample was too small to impute missing values with "hot deck" or matching techniques used by the Census Bureau, the comprehensiveness of the questionnaire offered opportunities for inference not found with shorter surveys, allowing the use of a number of different methods for imputation. For the 1983 survey, which was cleaned first, missing values were imputed using: (1) formulas based on respondent information that was closely related to the missing items; (2) randomized draws from conditional frequency distributions (used primarily for discrete variables); and (3) a variety of regression models (missing values were assigned the regression prediction plus a random disturbance designed to preserve the second moments of the sample). Income and asset regression imputations were done simultaneously, using an iterative technique in order to preserve their full covariance structures. The area-probability and high-income samples were handled separately. Missing values for all observations in the high-income sample were imputed. In the area-probability sample, however, 159 of the original 3824 observations in that sample were discarded because virtually all dollar amounts for income and assets were missing. For the remaining observations, all missing values were imputed. Similar methods were used to impute missing values for the 1986 survey. Specific account, however, was taken of the panel nature of the data. Thus, regression-based imputations used 1983 values (whether imputed or not) in the prediction equations. These procedures were designed to preserve the inter-temporal correlations among the data. Special problems were created, however, when data were originally missing in 1983, but not 1986. In these cases, it was necessary to re-impute 1983 values using 1986 data. As with the 1983 data, asset and income data were imputed simultaneously and the area-probability and high-income samples were handled separately. Several important qualifications should be made about the relative quality of the 1983 and 1986 data. The questionnaire for the 1983 survey was far more extensive than that for the 1986 survey; and the 1983 survey took place in person, while the 1986 survey was conducted by telephone. Some information, such as the value of principal residences and home mortgages, was solicited in similar ways in both years. Other data, such as financial assets, were collected in much more aggregated form in 1986. In making comparisons across the two years, three areas may be particularly subject to problems of measurement error. First, only the size of payments on consumer installment debts and some investment property mortgages were collected in 1986; thus, amounts outstanding on these debts had to be estimated using independent information on average terms. Second, for automobiles, only purchase data were collected in 1986; thus, assumptions had to be made about the treatment of existing automobiles to value the 1986 stock. Finally, it appears that problems in the ordering of questions in the business and employment sections of the 1986 survey caused many businesses to go unreported. While imputations were made in some of these instances based on 1983 data, we suspect that aggregate 1986 businesses in the survey are still underestimated. The significance of the imputation method is illustrated by the figures in table 3. Column 4 shows the percentage of owners in each of 12 asset and debt items who did not disclose the full dollar value of their holdings in 1986. Column 3 shows the percentage of the sample total value for each item that was created by imputation. As described, business items were particularly troublesome. Virtually every asset category, however, had at least 10 percent of its value imputed. Overall, 17.4 percent of the sample wealth was imputed. Table 3 Imputations -- FINAL SAMPLE -- -- IMPUTATIONS -- Percent Means of Percent Percent owning owners missing imputed ---------------------------------------------------------- ASSETS 97.3% 173663 38.5% 16.2% Principal residence 66.1% 80335 8.1% 5.7% Other real estate (gross) 22.1% 120124 22.5% 18.5% Public stock 19.8% 75594 20.3% 25.8% Bonds 20.6% 26359 13.3% 12.3% Check/savings accounts 88.7% 7709 22.6% 31.1% IRAs 27.1% 19580 8.2% 11.1% CDs/Money market 27.6% 33877 15.0% 17.9% Business assets (net) 12.8% 206413 56.5% 38.5% Automobiles 88.5% 7306 --- --- Profit sharing & thrifts 15.0% 27033 27.0% 16.9% Miscellaneous 44.6% 23512 3.2% 10.5% DEBT 82.8% 28745 33.0% 8.7% Principal residence debt 38.4% 34152 10.6% 9.4% Installment debt 76.1% 4476 30.5% 8.7% Other debt 22.2% 7782 3.4% 1.8% Other real estate debt 9.4% 59141 14.8% 9.4% NET WORTH 100.0% 145226 51.3% 17.4% INCOME (GROSS) 100.0% 31731 6.8% 7.9% *Figures for gross assets, debts and networth are the percentage or asset or debt owners or for net worth, the entire sample of households aged 25 or older, who are missing any asset, debt, or wealth item. **This is the percentage of the aggregate weighted sample total of each item which was imputed. COMPARABILITY WITH OTHER DATA Wealth information, and particularly data on changes in wealth at the household level, are not available from many sources. Perhaps the finest sources of household wealth data are the Federal Reserve Board's 1963 Survey of Financial Characteristics of Consumers (SFCC), and the follow-up re-interview survey in 1964. Methodological work for this survey was conducted by the SRC, with interviewing performed by the Bureau of the Census. Like the 1983 SCF, the 1963 SFCC collected a more detailed inventory of assets and liabilities than is customary in other consumer surveys. The 1963 survey also used Federal tax information to oversample high-income households. A cross-section sample of housing units stratified by income reported in the 1960 Decennial Census was chosen to represent households with incomes below $50,000. Households with incomes of $50,000 or more were selected from a sample of 1960 Federal income tax returns. Although this sample selection procedure is not exactly the same as that used for the 1983 survey, it produced a heavy over-sampling of households in the upper end of the income distribution, making the 1963 sample the only household survey sample comparable to the full 1983 SCF sample. Current data on wealth are available from the Internal Revenue Service, which uses federal estate tax returns to estimate total household wealth and its percentage distribution. Unfortunately, data from this source are available only in aggregate form, with very limited demographic breakdowns. Another source is the 1979 Income Survey Development Program of the Department of Health and Human Services, which provides information for a sample of households larger than that of most other surveys of wealth. The New York Stock Exchange has also periodically conducted surveys of household stockholders, doing a survey at roughly the same time as the 1983 SCF and, more recently, in 1985. Wealth data was also collected on respondents to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) in 1984. The most comprehensive recent survey of household wealth was conducted in 1984 (and repeated annually since) by the Bureau of the Census on participants in the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). This survey solicited information similar to the SCF for a very large sample of households. Its initial panel was a random cross-section of about 21,000 households selected by procedures similar to those used to select the area-probability sample for the 1983 SCF. Net worth information was collected between September and December 1984. Aggregate wealth estimates from the earlier Surveys of Consumer Finances and SIPP are generally comparable to those from the area-probability sample of the 1983 SCF in their understatement of aggregate wealth relative estimates from independent sources. Using comparably defined categories, we estimate an aggregate net worth for the 1983 SCF area-probability sample of $8,277 billion versus a $7,740 billion total for the SIPP sample. The difference derives primarily from a smaller estimate of small business assets in the SIPP. The full-sample SCF estimate of the same net wealth concept is $9,610 billion. Thus, it appears that the major difference between the two surveys arises from the inclusion of the high-income sample in the SCF. The annual March Current Population Survey is perhaps the most comprehensive U.S. household economic survey, soliciting economic information from approximately 59,000 households. The representativeness of the 1986 SCF is demonstrated by a comparison of the sample distribution of various demographic variables for the SCF and comparable March 1986 CPS survey in table 4. The CPS data are given for "primary families" defined comparably to families in the SCF. As can be seen, the 1986 SCF has a very similar distribution for most items. Table 4 A Comparison of the 1986 SCF and CPS SCF CPS Number Weighted Number Weighted of cases share of cases share -------------------- --------------------- Age (head) 34 or less married 661 16.9 9922 15.7 unmarried male 223 6.2 3435 6.2 unmarried female 273 7.6 4105 7.2 35 to 44 married 555 13.6 7830 13.6 unmarried male 71 1.8 1388 2.7 unmarried female 151 4.1 2165 4.2 45 to 54 married 492 10.5 6253 10.1 unmarried male 70 1.7 912 1.7 unmarried female 118 3.2 1735 3.0 55 to 64 married 475 9.7 5967 9.5 unmarried male 62 1.5 897 1.5 unmarried female 136 3.7 2130 3.6 65 or more married 452 9.9 5532 9.7 unmarried male 74 1.8 1437 2.3 unmarried female 290 7.7 5293 9.2 Race Caucasian 3468 82.3 47515 86.6 Nonwhite or Hispanic 635 17.7 11486 12.4 Family Income less than $10,000 912 24.0 15053 21.3 $10,000 to $19,999 982 26.8 15580 23.1 $20,000 to $29,999 711 19.3 12072 18.9 $30,000 to $49,999 717 19.7 11533 22.7 $50,000 to $99,999 309 8.2 4480 12.3 $100,000 or more 472 2.0 283 1.7 Homeownership 2766 63.4 38320 63.8 Education of the Head 0 to 8 grades 560 14.5 9155 12.8 9 to 12 grades 1713 44.9 27269 46.5 some college 678 17.7 10355 18.6 college graduate 1152 22.9 12222 22.1 Labor Force Participation single not working 635 17.0 11130 19.3 single, working 833 22.4 12367 22.2 married, neither working 389 9.8 7088 6.2 married, one working 1077 23.0 14023 22.8 married, both working 1169 27.8 14393 29.5 Totals 4103 100.0 59001 100.0 The representative quality of the 1986 SCF data can also be evaluated by a comparison with aggregate data sources. The most comparable of these is the Flow-of-Funds (FOF) accounts. A comparison of the levels of various wealth items from the 1983 SCF and FOF accounts shows remarkable consistency, heretofore not observed with survey data (see Avery, Elliehausen, and Kennickell (1988)). Survey-based estimates for many asset and debt categories were within 5 to 15 percent of aggregate estimates drawn from the Flow-of-Funds (FOF) accounts for the same time period. Moreover, the sign of the discrepancy was not consistent -- survey-based estimates were not systematically higher or lower than FOF estimates. Estimates did differ substantially for checking and savings accounts, business, and some real estate categories. However, since these are areas where there are significant problems in the FOF, it is not clear whether discrepancies stem from measurement problems in the survey-based estimates or from the FOF or both. A similar comparison can be made to see if changes in aggregate household wealth as measured by survey data correspond to changes as measured by the FOF. Table 5 shows estimates of levels and changes in levels of household wealth from FOF and the 1983 and 1986 SCFs. The survey estimates given are weighted sums of the various asset types using the appropriate statistical sampling weights. For all categories except stocks and bonds and other debt, the match of survey and FOF growth rates are roughly in the same ranges. The problems with debts may stem from the methods used to estimate outstanding amounts. The behavior of stocks is more puzzling. One explanation may be that because the 1986 survey was a less detailed survey than the 1983 survey, respondents may have been less rigorous in recalling exact market values of shares. In a time of rapidly rising share prices, this may have induced substantial bias. Table 5 A Comparison of Survey-based Wealth AggregatesWith Flow-of-Funds Estimates ($ Billions) Survey Flow of Funds Item 1983 1986 %Growth 1983 1986 %Growth --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Financial Institution accounts/CDs 1032.9 1417.0 37.2% 1832.5 2485.3 35.6% Stocks/bonds 1543.8 2088.6 35.3% 1438.3 2456.9 70.8% Principal Residences 4276.4 5112.6 19.6% 2703.4 3388.3 25.3% Non-corp. business 1852.8 1951.6 5.3% 2347.1 2415.6 2.9% Home mortgages 995.4 1293.8 30.0% 1064.6 1480.6 39.1% Other Debt 224.9 468.6 108.4% 332.8 519.7 56.2% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Classifications are not exhaustive and differ from those used in previous tables. The 1986 survey figures were extrapolated to include households under 25. The Flow-of-Funds estimates were adjusted to take out non-profit holdings. MANUAL INSTRUCTIONS In the remainder of the manual, information is given on all the variables included in the final data set. A brief description is given for each variable along with information on imputation and a listing of the values that the variable takes on. The question number corresponding to the actual 1986 survey questionnaire (e.g. H6) is also given for all variables except recodes. Variables are listed by number, with the numeric code used as the basis of the variable's internal name in the survey's SAS data set. All variables listed here have a "C" prefix followed by a four digit number ranging from 1001 to 1976. The original uncleaned survey responses are contained in variables with a "W" prefix. These variables range from W1 to W1359. The codes for the "W" variables are described in the original survey codebook released by the SRC. We note, though, that the "C" variables contain all the same types of information as those contained in the "W" variables, as well as additional, constructed variables. Thus, for most analyses, it is possible to use the "C" variables without reference to the "W" variables. Much of the time, the 1986 data will be used in conjunction with data from the 1983 SCF. The 1983 variables are denoted by "B" prefixes for the recodes and "V" variables for the original uncleaned responses. The 1983 variables are described fully in the 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances: Technical Manual and Codebook. The range of allowable values for the variables is also given. The symbol xxxx is used for continuous variables with a statement of the units used and the sample range. For discrete variables with a small number of allowable codes, all possible values and their meanings are listed. The number of sample cases (out of the 2,822 observations for the 1986 survey) taking on each value of discrete variables is also given. If the listing is for several variables (such as the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd reasons for saving), then the case totals are given for the listed variables, in order, separated by slashes (e.g. 123/45/87 cases). If a variable reflects 1983 data, case totals will be for the 1986 sample, not the 1983 sample. Although useful in giving a flavor of the distribution of responses to questions, these case listings should not be used for statistical purposes, as they are unweighted distributions. Most of the information collected for the 1986 SCF applies to the entire family unit. Some information, however, such as employment, marital history, and pension income, was collected individually for the survey respondent and their spouse (if he or she had one). For married couples, the respondent could have been either the husband or the wife. Unlike the 1983 datafile, the 1986 survey file is arranged by "respondent" and "spouse." This was done because the 1986 respondent had to be in the 1983 survey. Thus, there are always 1983 variables for the 1986 respondent, but not necessarily for the respondent's spouse (who could be a new spouse). To facilitate inter-year comparisons, the 1983 data have been rearranged on the 1986 tape to 1986 respondent and the 1983 spouse of the 1986 respondent. If another order is desired, such as 1986 "head" and "spouse," (where head is always the husband for married couples), the data can be easily reordered. Several variables, -- C1004, C1005 and C1006 -- can be used to do this. Several different codes are used in the data set, including: (1) The code "1" is almost always used for the answer "yes" to a question; (2) The code "3" is generally used for the answer "sometimes" or "maybe"; (3) The code "5" is almost always used for the answer "no" to a question; (4) The code "-4" is used to denote a "small negative number"; (5) The code "-6" is used to denote the answer "none," which is sometimes differentiated from zero; (6) The code "-7" is used to denote a special "other" response which does not fit into existing codes. SRC has cards indicating what the actual response is. "-7" is also sometimes used to denote answers like "forever" or "never" when used for continuous variables; (7) The code "-8" is used to denote the answer "don't know" (DK). Most DKs have been imputed, but some still exist for selected variables where imputation is not appropriate (e.g. attitudinal variables); (8) The code "-9" is used to denote "not answered" (NA). This indicates either that the interviewer inadvertently did not ask a question or that a respondent refused to answer. Most NAs have been imputed, but a few remain; (9) The code "0" is generally used to denote cases where a variable is inappropriate for a particular observation because the question which underlies the variable was not asked. For example, questions on spouses would be inappropriate for single households. Note that sometimes a question is asked, but the answer given is none or zero (such as "my business is worth nothing"). These answers are generally coded as -6 not 0. There are some instances, particularly with recoded variables, where 0 does denote none or nothing. All variables on the tape are integers. All dollar amounts are given in whole dollars (although in answering the questions respondents may have rounded). Some variables had to be rescaled so that information would not be lost (such as percentage answers which are generally multiplied by 100). WEIGHTS AND I.D. CODES Observation Code C1 (1986) OBSERVATION CODE. B1 (1983) This is a unique observation identifier. It corresponds to the case I.D. on the actual interview facesheet It was assigned chronologically in the order the 1986 (or 1983) interviews were processed. xxxx. code (1 to 4288) Sample Codes C1001 1986 SAMPLE CODE. This code indicates whether the observation is in the full 1986 sample. FOR MOST ANALYSIS WE RECOMMEND THAT HOUSEHOLDS AGED 24 OR LESS BE EXCLUDED. 1. Regular 1986 sample (2791 cases) 2. in 1986 sample but household head (restricted to respondent or spouse) aged 24 or less (31 cases) 0. not in 1986 sample C1002 1983 SAMPLE CODE. This code indicates whether the observation is a duplicate for the 1983 sample (because both a respondent and spouse of a split household were interviewed). 1. observation in the 1983 sample (2781 cases) 0. observation a duplicate in 1983 sample (41 cases) C1003 MATCHED PAIR. This variable indicates if the observation is a matched pair. That is a split where the 1983 respondent and his/her spouse divorced or separated following the 1983 interview and each was interviewed separately in 1986. 1. matched pair (82 cases) 5. not a matched pair (2740 cases) B3001 HIGH-INCOME SAMPLE. This variable indicates whether the observation is in the area probability or high income sample. 1. high-income sample (359 cases) 2. area probability "cleaned" sample (2463 cases) C1004 SWITCH SAMPLE TO 1983 HEAD/SPOUSE. This variable indicates whether data for respondent and spouse must be switched to align the data to 1983 head and 1983 spouse. The current data alignment for both the 1983 and 1986 data is 1986 respondent and the 1986 (1983) spouse of the 1986 respondent. 1. sample must be switched to align as 1983 head/spouse (xxxx cases) 0. sample already aligned as 1983 head/spouse (xxxx cases) C1005 SWITCH SAMPLE TO 1983 RESPONDENT/SPOUSE. This variable indicates whether data for respondent and spouse must be switched to align the data to 1983 respondent and 1983 spouse. The current data alignment for both the 1983 and 1986 data is 1986 respondent and the 1986 (1983) spouse of the 1986 respondent. 1. sample must be switched to align as 1983 respondent/spouse (xxxx cases) 0. sample already aligned as 1983 respondent/spouse (xxxx cases) C1006 SWITCH SAMPLE TO 1986 HEAD/SPOUSE. This variable indicates whether data for respondent and spouse must be switched to align the data to 1986 head and 1986 spouse. The current data alignment for both the 1983 and 1986 data is 1986 respondent and the 1986 (1983) spouse of the 1986 respondent. 1. sample must be switched to align as 1986 head/spouse (xxxx cases) 0. sample already aligned as 1986 head/spouse (xxxx cases) SRC Weights C1007 SRC 1986 CROSS-SECTION COMPOSITE WEIGHT (1983 BASE) The 1986 cross-section weights for the 1986 sample, post-stratified by 1983 population counts. xxxxxx. weight (xxxxx to xxx,xxx cases) 0. INAP, high-income sample (359 cases) C1008 SRC 1986 HIGH-INCOME COMPOSITE WEIGHT (1983 BASE) The 1986 high-income sample weights, post-stratified by 1983 population counts. xxxxx. weight (xxx to xx,xxx cases) 0. INAP, area probability sample (2463 cases) C1009 SRC 1986 COMPOSITE WEIGHT (1983 BASE) The 1986 composite weight for the entire 1986 sample, post-stratified by 1983 population counts. xxxxx. weight (81 to 81,693 cases) C1010 SRC 1986 CROSS-SECTION COMPOSITE WEIGHT (1986 BASE) The 1986 cross-section weights for the 1986 sample, post-stratified by 1986 population counts. xxxxxx. weight (11,064 to 79,624 cases) 0. INAP, high-income sample (359 cases) C1011 SRC 1986 HIGH-INCOME COMPOSITE WEIGHT (1986 BASE) The 1986 high-income sample weights, post-stratified by 1986 population counts. xxxxx. weight (42 to 16,838 cases) 0. INAP, area probability sample (2463 cases) C1012 SRC 1986 COMPOSITE WEIGHT (1986 BASE) The 1986 composite weight for the entire 1986 sample, post-stratified by 1986 population counts. xxxxx. weight (86 to 87,204 cases) FRB Weights FRB staff have computed sets of weights for the 1986 respondent households that fit those households to the 1983 population structure ("1983/86 weights") and to the 1986 population structure ("1986 weights"). These weights differ from the SRC weights. The SRC weights are developed using simple proportional adjustments of the original 1983 weights for nonresponse within the original sampling units and adjustments for changes in the marital status. The construction of the FRB weights is dicussed in detail in the introduction to this codebook; briefly, the FRB weights use a variety of information provided by the respondent in the 1983 wave of the survey to compute model-based attrition adjustments to the original 1983 weight, further adjustments are made for changes in marital status of these households, and the resulting weight is post-stratified to control totals derived from the Current Population Survey. Several versions of the 1983/86 and 1986 weights are provided. These weights differ in the way the post-stratification is treated, and, in the case of the 1983/86 weights, in how respondents who died or who were institutionalized are treated. In the case of the 1986 weights, while weights are given for households with heads aged less than 25 in 1986, for the reasons given in the introduction, it is strongly recommended that these cases be deleted for most analyses. C1013 FRB 1986 WEIGHT #1 This weight was post-stratified to 1986 CPS control totals independently. This weight is zero for all cases not interviewed in 1986. C1014 FRB 1986 WEIGHT #2 This weight was computed iteratively with C1017 (or, equivalently, C1018) using the technique described in the introduction to post-stratify the weights using information on the population structure in both years. This weight is recommended for analysis of the re-interview sample as a cross-section representative of the 1986 population structure. This weight is zero for all cases not interviewed in 1986. C1015 FRB 1983/86 WEIGHT #1 This weight was post-stratified to 1983 CPS control totals independently. This weight is zero for all respondents who died or were institutionalized since the 1983 survey. C1016 VARIABLE DELETED C1017 FRB 1983/86 WEIGHT #3 This weight was computed iteratively with C1014 using the technique described in the introduction to post-stratify the weights using information on the population structure in both years. This weight is zero for all respondents who died or were institutionalized since the 1983 survey. This weight is recommended for analysis involving changes for individual families between 1983 and 1986. C1018 VARIABLE DELETED HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHICS Persons in Household C1101 TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLD (PRIMARY FAMILY). The total number of people in the household (or primary family) referred to throughout the questionnaire. This sum excludes all individuals who live in the household unit (dwelling) but are not members of the primary family. Household composition is taken from the interviewer coding sheet (see C1138 - C1176) and includes only persons coded as relatives of respondent. The comparable variable for the 1983 survey is B3101. No missing values. 1. one (578 cases) 2. two (946 cases) 3. three (462 cases) 4. four (518 cases) 5. five (209 cases) 6. six (74 cases) 7. seven (22 cases) 8. eight (8 cases) 9. nine (1 cases) 10. ten (3 cases) 13. thirteen (1 case) C1102 TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLD 18 OR OLDER. This total excludes any non-related persons who live in the household structure but are not members of the primary family. Age is determined from the interviewer coding sheet. The respondent or spouse will be included here even if under age 18. The comparable variable for the 1983 survey is B3102. No missing values. 1. one (701 cases) 2. two (1616 cases) 3. three (334 cases) 4. four (133 cases) 5. five (28 cases) 6. six (9 cases) 7. seven (1 case) C1103 TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLD 65 OR OLDER. This total excludes any non-related persons who live in the household structure but are not in the primary family. Age is determined from the interviewer coding sheet. The comparable variable for the 1983 survey is B3103. No missing values. 1. one (446 cases) 2. two (292 cases) 3. three (5 cases) 0. no household members 65 or older (2079 cases) C1104 TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLD UNDER 18. This total excludes any non-related persons who live in the household structure but are not in the primary family. (C1104 plus C1102 will equal C1201.) Age is determined from the interviewer coding sheet. Respondent or spouse are not included here even if under 18. The comparable variable for the 1983 survey is B3104. No missing values. 1. one (412 cases) 2. two (446 cases) 3. three (144 cases) 4. four (44 cases) 5. five (14 cases) 6. six (5 cases) 7. seven (1 cases) 0. no household members under 18 (1756 cases) C1105 AGE OF YOUNGEST CHILD UNDER 18. Excludes any non-related persons who live in the household structure but are not in the primary family. It includes all children under 18, not just the children of the respondent and/or spouse. Age is determined from the interviewer coding sheet. Neither respondent nor spouse will be listed here, even if under 18. The comparable variable for the 1983 survey is B3105. No missing values. 1. one (155 cases) 2. two (77 cases) 3. three (73 cases) 4. four (78 cases) 5. five (61 cases) 6. six (47 cases) 7. seven (42 cases) 8. eight (62 cases) 9. nine (55 cases) 10. ten (44 cases) 11. eleven (45 cases) 12. twelve (44 cases) 13. thirteen (58 cases) 14. fourteen (53 cases) 15. fifteen (58 cases) 16. sixteen (59 cases) 17. seventeen (55 cases) 0. no household members under 18 (1756 cases) C1106 AGE OF OLDEST CHILD UNDER 18. Excludes any non-related persons who live in the household structure but are not in the primary family. Age is determined from the interviewer coding sheet. Respondent or spouse are not listed here even if under 18. The comparable variable for the 1983 survey is B3106. No missing values. 1. one (39 cases) 2. two (37 cases) 3. three (44 cases) 4. four (46 cases) 5. five (46 cases) 6. six (48 cases) 7. seven (37 cases) 8. eight (47 cases) 9. nine (51 cases) 10. ten (56 cases) 11. eleven (47 cases) 12. twelve (60 cases) 13. thirteen (78 cases) 14. fourteen (71 cases) 15. fifteen (108 cases) 16. sixteen (124 cases) 17. seventeen (127 cases) 0. no household members under 18 (1756 cases) C1107 TOTAL NUMBER OF YOUNGER RELATIVES IN HOUSEHOLD 18 OR OLDER. This total includes all children, grandchildren, nieces, nephews, or great-grandchildren of respondent (or spouse) who live in the household and are 18 or older. Age is determined from the interviewer coding sheet. No missing values. 1. one (346 cases) 2. two (145 cases) 3. three (29 cases) 4. four (8 cases) 5. five (1 cases) 0. no such household members (2293 cases) C1108 TOTAL NUMBER OF SAME-AGE RELATIVES IN HOUSEHOLD 18 OR OLDER. This total includes all siblings, cousins or relatives of unknown relationship of respondent (or spouse) who live in the household and are 18 or older. Age is determined from the interviewer coding sheet. No missing values. 1. one (31 cases) 2. two (8 cases) 3. three (3 cases) 0. no such household members (2780 cases) C1109 TOTAL NUMBER OF OLDER RELATIVES IN HOUSEHOLD 18 OR OLDER. This total includes all parents, grandparents, aunts or uncles of respondent (or spouse) who live in the household and are 18 or older. Age is determined from the interviewer coding sheet. No missing values. 1. one (71 cases) 2. two (24 cases) 3. three (1 case) 0. no such household members (2726 cases) C1110 NUMBER OF CHILDREN OF RESPONDENT/SPOUSE NOT LIVING WITH THEM The number of children of either the respondent or spouse who do not live in the household (thus not included in totals above). This should include children of previous marriages living with former spouses or older children in college or on their own. No persons listed on the interviewer coding sheet (see C1138 - C1176) are included here. Up to nine children not living with the respondent and spouse are identified by age in variables C1177 to C1186. The comparable variable for the 1983 survey is B3107. No missing values. 1. one (373 cases) 2. two (470 cases) 3. three (346 cases) 4. four (197 cases) 5. five (109 cases) 6. six (58 cases) 7. seven (39 cases) 8. eight (20 cases) 9. nine (10 cases) 10. ten (6 cases) 11. eleven (4 cases) 12. twelve (2 cases) 13. thirteen (1 case) 14. fourteen (1 case) 15. fifteen (1 case) 16. sixteen (1 case) 0. none (1184 cases) question: A1a C1111 TOTAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN OF RESPONDENT AND/OR SPOUSE. The total number of living children of respondent and/or spouse including those non-resident in the household (C1110 plus children of respondent and/or spouse included in C1101). The comparable variable for the 1983 survey is B3108. No missing values. 1. one (381 cases) 2. two (795 cases) 3. three (531 cases) 4. four (326 cases) 5. five (186 cases) 6. six (79 cases) 7. seven (54 cases) 8. eight (34 cases) 9. nine (14 cases) 10. ten (10 cases) 11. eleven (9 cases) 12. twelve (5 cases) 13. thirteen (2 cases) 14. fourteen (1 case) 15. fifteen (1 case) 16. sixteen (1 case) 17. seventeen (1 case) 0. none (392 cases) C1112 HOUSEHOLD UNIT COMPOSITION CODE. Type of household unit. Describes residents of the household unit or dwelling. The comparable variable for the 1983 survey is B3109. 1. nuclear family -- single persons living by themselves or only with spouse and/or children (2562 cases) 2. extended family -- nuclear family plus other related persons living in the household (brother, parent, etc.) (192 cases) 3. unrelated persons only -- household dwelling includes only respondent plus other unrelated individuals (roommates etc.) These individuals would be termed unrelated individuals or residents of group quarters by the U.S. Census Bureau (48 cases) 4. nuclear family plus -- household dwelling includes nuclear family (respondent plus spouse and/or children) plus at least one unrelated individual (a U.S. Census-defined unrelated subfamily, formerly called a secondary family, or an unrelated individual) (15 cases) 5. extended family plus -- household dwelling includes extended family (respondent plus other relatives) plus at least one unrelated individual (a U.S. Census-defined unrelated subfamily or unrelated individual) (5 cases) Household Characteristics C1113 (1986) AGE OF HEAD BY DATE OF BIRTH. C1114 (1983) The head is the respondent for single persons and the husband for married couples. No missing values. xx. years (17 to 95) C1115 (1986) AGE OF SPOUSE BY DATE OF BIRTH. C1116 (1983) For married couples, the spouse is always the wife. No missing values. xx. years (17 to 90) 0. INAP, no spouse (915/864 cases) C1117 (1986) SEX OF HEAD. C1118 (1983) The head is the respondent for single persons and the husband for married couples. No missing values. 1. male (2200/2244 cases) 2. female (622/578 cases) C1119 (1986) STATUS OF OF HEAD. C1120 (1983) The head is the respondent for single persons and the husband for married couples. No missing values. 1. married (or partner) in household listing (1907/1958 cases) 2. single male (293/286 cases) 3. single female (622/578 cases) C1121 AGE OF HEAD BY DATE OF BIRTH -- RECODE. A recode of C1113. The comparable variable for 1983 is B3110. 1. under 25 (31 cases) 2. 25-34 (522 cases) 3. 35-44 (596 cases) 4. 45-54 (507 cases) 5. 55-64 (491 cases) 6. 65-74 (440 cases) 7. 75 and over (235 cases) C1122 1986 AGE OF HEAD--ADJUSTED. Some 1986 respondents moved into households in which, had the same criteria been applied as in 1983, they would not have been selected as the respondent (or spouse of a respondent). An example of this would be a divorced woman who has moved back to her parents' home. The variable C1113 above restricts the selection of "head" to the 1986 survey respondent or their spouse. C1122 indicates who would have been selected as the head of the 1986 household, had the 1983 criteria been imposed, and gives his/her age. This variable differs from C1113 in 27 cases. C1122 is used in place of C1113 in constructing the 1986 weight post-stratifications. No missing values. xx. years (20 to 95) C1123 1986 AGE OF SPOUSE--ADJUSTED. This variable has been adjusted the same way as C1122. It differs from C1115 in 17 cases. No missing values. xx. years (17 to 90) 0. INAP, adjusted head did not have spouse (900 cases) C1124 1986 STATUS OF HEAD--ADJUSTED. This variable has been adjusted as were C1122 and C1123. It differs from C1119 in 24 cases. No missing values. 1. married (or with partner) in household listing (1923 cases) 2. single male (280 cases) 3. single female (619 cases) B3111 RACE OF HOUSEHOLD. Variable is the observed race of the 1983 survey respondent. This variable is taken from the 1983 file for all households surviving into the 1986 survey. 1. caucasian except hispanic 2. black except hispanic 3. hispanic 4. American Indian or Alaskan native 5. Asian or Pacific islander C1125 (1986) MARITAL STATUS OF RESPONDENT. C1126 (1983) No missing values. 1. legally married (1884/1894 cases) 2. separated (77/88 cases) 3. divorced (320/276 cases) 4. widowed (315/258 cases) 5. never married (203/242 cases) 6. partner or common-law spouse in the household listing, but treated as married. Marital data is given as though married (21/64 cases) 7. partner, same as code 6. However, the partner is the same as the previous spouse (1983 survey). Couple is legally divided separated. heir current arrangement is treated as a new marriage (2/0 cases) question: A2 C1127 EDUCATION OF HEAD -- RECODE. A recode of C1630 through C1730. The head is the respondent for single persons and the husband for married couples. Most of the education data was collected in 1983. The comparable 1983 variable is B3113. 1. 0-8 grades (324 cases) 2. 9-12 grades, no high school diploma (302 cases) 3. high school diploma or equivalent, no college (832 cases) 4. some college, no college degree (481 cases) 5. college degree (883 cases) C1128 OCCUPATION OF HEAD -- RECODE. Recode of current job if working, or previous job if retired, disabled, or unemployed. The head is the respondent for single persons and the husband for married couples. The comparable 1983 variable is B3114. 1. professional, technical, and kindred workers (416 cases) 2. managers and administrators (except farm) (400 cases) 3. self-employed managers (136 cases) 4. sales, clerical, and kindred workers (266 cases) 5. craftsmen, protective service, and kindred workers (328 cases) 6. operatives, laborers, and service workers (410 cases) 7. farmers and farm managers (42 cases) 8. miscellaneous (members of armed services, housewives, students, other occupations and those who have never worked) (784 cases) C1129 LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION -- RECODE. The comparable 1983 variable is B3115. 1. single household, not in labor force (385 cases) 2. single household, in labor force (528 cases) 3. respondent and spouse household, neither in labor force (282 cases) 4. respondent and spouse household, one in labor force (717 cases) 5. respondent and spouse household, both in labor force (908 cases) C1130 LIFE-CYCLE STAGE OF HOUSEHOLD. The head is the respondent for single persons and the husband for married couples. The comparable 1983 variable is B3116. No missing values. 1. head under age 45, unmarried, no children (217 cases) 2. head under age 45, married, no children (137 cases) 3. head under age 45, married, youngest child under 6 years (337 cases) 4. head under age 45, married, youngest child 6 years and over (309 cases) 5. head age 45 and over, married, has children (448 cases) 6. head age 45 and over, married, no children, head retired (239 cases) 7. head age 45 and over, married, no children, head in labor force (437 cases) 8. head age 45 and over, unmarried, no children, head retired (303 cases) 9. head age 45 and over, unmarried, no children, head in labor force (132 cases) 10. head any age, unmarried, has children (263 cases) C1131 LIFE-CYCLE STAGE OF HOUSEHOLD (#2). The head is the respondent for single persons and the husband for married couples. No missing values. 1. neither respondent or spouse 65 or over, with some relative of respondent or spouse, over age 18, living in household, but no relatives under 18 (742 cases) 2. neither respondent or spouse 65 or over, no other relatives living in household (347 cases) 3. either respondent or spouse 65 or over, with some relative of respondent or spouse, over age 18, living in household, but no relatives under 18 (436 cases) 4. either respondent or spouse 65 or over, no other relatives living in household (231 cases) 5. head married, relatives 18 or under living in household (854 cases) 6. female-headed household (must be single), relatives 18 or under living in the household, but no relative over 18 (147 cases) 7. unmarried head, relatives 18 or under in the household, and either male-headed or female-headed with other relatives over 18 present (65 cases) C1301 TOTAL 1985 HOUSEHOLD INCOME. Total reported income. The comparable variable for the 1983 survey is B3201. No missing values. xxxxxxx. dollars (-200,000 to 5,000,000) C1302 TOTAL 1985 HOUSEHOLD INCOME -- RECODED. A recode of C1301. The comparable variable for the 1983 survey is B3203. 1. less than $5,000 (168 cases) 2. $5,000-7,499 (162 cases) 3. $7,500-9,999 (103 cases) 4. $10,000-14,999 (260 cases) 5. $15,000-19,999 (259 cases) 6. $20,000-24,999 (239 cases) 7. $25,000-29,999 (240 cases) 8. $30,000-39,999 (371 cases) 9. $40,000-49,999 (749 cases) 10. $50,000 and more (781 cases) Geographic Location C1132 REGION OF THE COUNTRY. Not given for the high-income sample. The comparable 1983 variable is B3117. 1. Northeast (Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Vermont, Pennsylvania) (480 cases) 2. North Central (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, South Dakota) (741 cases) 3. South (Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee, Texas, Oklahoma, Kentucky, Maryland, District of Columbia, West Virginia) (857 cases) 4. West (Alaska, Colorado, Utah, Arizona, California, Oregon, Nevada, Washington, Wyoming) (385 cases) 0. high-income sample (359 cases) C1133 SMSA CODE. This variable was coded according to SMSA territorial definitions as of March 1983. Not given for the high-income sample. The variable is similar to B3120. 1. SMSAs with more than 1,000,000 population in 1983 (701 cases) 2. SMSAs with less than 1,000,000 population in 1983 (959 cases) 3. areas not in an SMSA (803 cases) 0. high-income sample (359 cases) C1134. STATE. Observations from only xx states (plus D.C.) are included in the survey. This code is given to help facilitate data matches. The individual state data, however, is not representative and should not be used to represent the state. The code given is the same as the census FIPS code. Not given for the high-income sample. The comparable 1983 variable is B3121. 1. Alabama (22 cases) 2. Alaska (2 cases) 4. Arizona (22 cases) 5. Arkansas (119 cases) 6. California (188 cases) 8. Colorado (30 cases) 9. Connecticut (40 cases) 11. District of Columbia (4 cases) 12. Florida (88 cases) 13. Georgia (73 cases) 17. Illinois (119 cases) 18. Indiana (31 cases) 19. Iowa (63 cases) 20. Kansas (3 cases) 21. Kentucky (49 cases) 22. Louisiana (51 cases) 23. Maine (28 cases) 24. Maryland (30 cases) 25. Massachusetts (68 cases) 26. Michigan (129 cases) 27. Minnesota (43 cases) 28. Mississippi (29 cases) 29. Missouri (77 cases) 31. Nebraska (33 cases) 32. Nevada (1 case) 34. New Jersey (89 cases) 36. New York (126 cases) 37. North Carolina (113 cases) 39. Ohio (156 cases) 40. Oklahoma (38 cases) 41. Oregon (52 cases) 42. Pennsylvania (127 cases) 44. Rhode Island (1 case) 45. South Carolina (41 cases) 46. South Dakota (52 cases) 47. Tennessee (44 cases) 48. Texas (69 cases) 49. Utah (45 cases) 50. Vermont (1 case) 51. Virginia (57 cases) 53. Washington (44 cases) 54. West Virginia (30 cases) 55. Wisconsin (35 cases) 56. Wyoming (1 case) 0. high-income sample (359 cases) Respondent C1135 SURVEY RESPONDENT. The individual with whom the survey was conducted. All 1986 respondents were either 1983 respondents or the spouse of a 1983 respondent. The variable indicates whether the head (husband, if married) or spouse (wife) was the actual interview respondent. 1. head (2012 cases) 2. spouse (810 cases) C1605 SEX OF RESPONDENT 1. male (1390 cases) 2. female (1432 cases) C1136 CHANGE IN RESPONDENT. Indicates whether the 1986 respondent was also the respondent in the 1983 interview. No missing values. 1. same respondent as in 1983 (2671 cases) 5. respondent is or was the spouse of the 1983 respondent (151 cases) Household Unit (Dwelling) Residents C1137 TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS LIVING IN HOUSEHOLD UNIT/DWELLING This includes all persons in the primary family, plus any other unrelated non-family household members who share the same dwelling unit. Persons listed here thus qualify as members of what the U.S. Census Bureau defines as the household (or group quarters) and what SRC calls residents of the household unit. Individuals are included as residents of the household unit if: (1) it was their usual and only place of residence (even if absent at the time of the interview); or (2), he/she were physically living in the household unit at the time of the interview and a place of residence was maintained for them there (thus he/she could have other residences). A listing of the individuals living in the household unit is given in variables C1138 to C1176. Information is available for each individual on age, sex, membership in the survey household, and relationship to the head (husband, if married) of the primary family. 1. one (530 cases) 2. two (975 cases) 3. three (469 cases) 4. four (523 cases) 5. five (215 cases) 6. six (74 cases) 7. seven (20 cases) 8. eight (10 cases) 9. nine (2 cases) 11. eleven (3 cases) 13. thirteen (1 case) C1138 (#1) INDIVIDUAL'S RELATIONSHIP TO HOUSEHOLD HEAD. C1141 (#2) Unrelated individuals (codes 31-39) are not included in the C1144 (#3) primary family (survey household). Characteristics of up C1147 (#4) to 13 individuals in the household unit are given, with C1150 (#5) information as recorded on the interviewer coding sheet. No C1153 (#6) missing values. C1156 (#7) C1159 (#8) 1. head (husband, if married) (always in position #1) C1162 (#9) (2822/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) C1165 (#10) 2. spouse (wife) (always in position #2, if applicable) C1168 (#11) (0/1885/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) C1171 (#12) 3. "partner" or "common-law spouse" (wife) (always in C1174 (#13) position #2, if applicable. This is treated as a married spouse in answering throughout the survey) (0/23/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) 4. child (and in-law or step-children) (0/242/1198/787/292/93/29/9/2/2/0/0/0 cases) 5. grandchild (and in-law or step-grandchildren) (0/6/16/28/16/12/4/3/2/1/1/1/1 cases) 6. parent (and in-law or step-parents) (0/48/58/6/0/0/0/0//0/0/0/0/0 cases) 7. grandparent (and in-law or step-grandparents) (0/5/1/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) 8. aunt/uncle (and in-law or step-) (0/3/1/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) 9. cousin (and in-law or step-) (0/4/2/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) 10. niece/nephew (and in-law or step-) (0/4/8/4/3/1/0/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) 11. brother/sister (and in-law or step-) (0/22/13/10/6/2/1/8/2/1/0/0/0/0 cases) 12. great-grandchildren (and in-law or step-) (0/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/0/0/0 cases) 29. other relative (card given) (0/1/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) 31. roommate -- not included in survey household (0/22/5/1/1/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) 32. friend -- not included in survey household (0/24/7/4/1/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) 34. roomer/lodger/boarder -- not included in survey household (0/0/0/1/3/1/1/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) 35. live-in help, maid -- not included in survey household (0/1/3/3/0/0/0/2/0/0/0/0/0 cases) 39. other unrelated persons -- not included in survey household (0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) 41. foster children -- not included in survey household (0/0/1/1/1/0/0/1/1/0/0/0/0 cases) 42. former spouse (pre-1983) not living as "partners" -- not included in survey household (0/1/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) 43. friend or roommates child -- not included in survey household (0/0/2/2/1/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) 44. former spouse's child (not respondents) -- not included in survey household (0/0/1/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) 0. INAP, not that many persons in household unit (0/530/1505/1974/2497/2712/2786/2806/2816/2818/2821/ 2821/2821 cases) question: K1a C1139 (#1) INDIVIDUAL'S SEX. C1142 (#2) Corresponds to individuals given above. No missing values. C1145 (#3) C1148 (#4) 1. male (1390/989/684/439/175/61/16/12/4/2/1/0/0 cases) C1151 (#5) 2. female (1432/1303/633/409/150/49/20/4/2/2/0/1/1 cases) C1154 (#6) 0. INAP (0/530/1505/1974/2497/2712/2786/2806/2816/ C1157 (#7) 2818/2821/2821/2821 cases) C1160 (#8) C1163 (#9) question: K1a C1166 (#10) C1169 (#11) C1172 (#12) C1175 (#13) C1140 (#1) INDIVIDUAL'S AGE. C1143 (#2) The age as of last birthday for the individuals C1146 (#3) above, as reported by the respondent. It may differ C1149 (#4) from the age as determined from date of birth information for C1152 (#5) the head or spouse. No missing values. Imputations were done C1155 (#6) done using date of birth, job history, and education for C1158 (#7) head and spouse. Less than one year coded as 1. C1161 (#8) C1164 (#9) xx. years (1 to 96) C1167 (#10) 0. INAP (0/530/1505/1974/2497/2712/2786/2806/2816/2818/ C1170 (#11) 2821/2821/2821 cases) C1173 (#12) C1176 (#13) question: K1a Ages of Children Living Outside the Home C1177 (#1) AGES OF CHILDREN LIVING OUTSIDE THE HOME. C1178 (#2) This variable lists,in the order given by respondent, the ages C1179 (#3) of any children of the respondent (or spouse) not living C1180 (#4) in the household. These children are not in the house- C1181 (#5) hold listing, C1138 to C1176. The total number of children C1182 (#6) listed here is C1107. No missing values. C1183 (#7) C1184 (#8) xx. years (1 to 72) C1185 (#9) 0. INAP (1184/1557/2027/2373/2570/2679/2737/ 2776/2796 cases) question: A1b Interview Characteristics and Time C1186 MONTH OF THE INTERVIEW (BEGAN). All interviews took place between June and September 1986. No missing values. 6. June 1986 (603 cases) 7. July 1986 (1028 cases) 8. August 1986 (1013 cases) 9. September 1986 (178 cases) C1187 DAY OF THE INTERVIEW (BEGAN). Day of the month that the interview began (if done in several segments). No missing values. xx. day (1 to 31) C1188 TIME OF INTERVIEW (START OF INTERVIEW). The time of day when the interviewer first began recording information. The time is given in military time with 0800 being 8:00 AM and 2400 being 12 midnight. xxxx. time (0800 to 2328) C1189 MONTH OF THE INTERVIEW (ENDED). All interviews took place between June and September 1986. No missing values. 6. June 1986 (591 cases) 7. July 1986 (1028 cases) 8. August 1986 (1017 cases) 9. September 1986 (186 cases) C1190 DAY OF THE INTERVIEW (ENDED). Day of the month (when interview ended if done at different times). No missing values. xx. day (1 to 31) C1191 TIME OF INTERVIEW (END OF INTERVIEW). The time of day when the interviewer first began recording information. The time is given in military time with 0800 being 8:00 AM and 2400 being 12 midnight. xxxx. time (0800 to 2356) C1192 TIME OF INTERVIEW (LAST CALL -- RECODE). The time of day when the last interview call was made. 1. weekday, 9:00 am to 12:59 pm (399 cases) 2. weekday, 1:00 pm to 5:59 pm (620 cases) 3. weekday, 6:00 pm to 12:00 midnight (1147 cases) 4. Saturday, 10:00 am to 5:59 pm (274 cases) 5. Saturday, 6:00 pm to 12:00 midnight (8 cases) 6. Sunday, 12:00 noon to 5:59 pm (194 cases) 7. Sunday, 6:00 pm to 12:00 midnight (180 cases) C1193 NUMBER OF CALLS. The number of telephone calls required to complete the interview. xx. number (1 to 50) -9. NA (9 cases) C1194 INITIAL REFUSAL. This variable indicates whether the initial contact with the respondent resulted in a refusal (which was later converted). 1. initial contact refusal (139 cases) 5. initial contact not a refusal (2675 cases) -9. NA (8 cases) C1195 INTERVIEW LENGTH. The number of minutes required to complete the interview. This counts only the time respondent was on the phone with an interviewer. xx. minutes (7 to 90) -9. NA (13 cases) C1196 EDIT LENGTH. The number of minutes it took the interviewer to do his/her portion of the editing of the interview. xx. minutes (1 to 73) -9. NA (23 cases) C1197 INTERVIEWER ID NUMBER. The ID number of the interviewer who completed the interview. xxx. (194 to 903) CHANGE VARIABLES 1983 TO 1986 Marital Status Change C1201 SPOUSAL CHANGE 1983 TO 1986. This variable indicates the presence of a spouse (or partner) in the 1983 and 1986 household listings and whether it is the same spouse. No missing values. 1. spouse in 1983, no spouse in 1986 (182 cases) 2. no spouse in 1983, spouse in 1986 (131 cases) 3. spouse in 1983 and 1986 -- same person (1748 cases) 4. spouse in 1983 and 1986 -- different person (28 cases) 5. no spouse/partner in either 1983 or 1986 (733 cases) C1202 SPOUSAL CHANGE 1983 TO 1986 -- DETAILED. This variable indicates changes in marital status from 1983 to 1986, including separation of married couples (or of partners). This variable does not account for the presence of a spouse in a household if the couple is separated. No missing values. 1. no spouse in 1983 or 1986 (widowed/single/divorced in both years), no intervening marriages (659 cases) 2. same as code 1, but with an intervening marriage (4 cases) 3. spouse in 1983 (married/separated/partner) and no spouse in 1986 (widowed/single/divorced) (175 cases) 4. same person as spouse in 1983 and 1986 (married/separated/partner in both years) (1833 cases) 5. no spouse in 1983 (widowed/single/divorced) and spouse in 1986 (married/separated/partner) (112 cases) 6. different person as spouse in 1983 and 1986 (married/separated/partner in both years but to different people) (39 cases) Changes in Household Composition C1136 CHANGE IN RESPONDENT. Indicates whether the 1986 respondent was also the respondent in the 1983 interview. No missing values. 1. same respondent as in 1983 (2671 cases) 5. respondent is or was the spouse of the 1983 respondent (151 cases) C1203 ANY HOUSEHOLD MEMBER CHANGE. This variable indicates whether any change in household composition occurred between 1983 and 1986. Determined by examining the ages and sexes of household members as reported in the 1983 and 1986 survey interviews.. 1. some change in household composition, someone either joining or leaving the household (1335 cases) 5. no change in household composition, exact same members in 1983 and 1986 (1487 cases) C1204 CHANGE IN THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLD. Change in the total number of people in the household (C1101 - B3101). No missing values. -7. minus seven (1 case) -6. minus six (2 cases) -5. minus five (2 cases) -4. minus four (11 cases) -3. minus three (48 cases) -2. minus two (141 cases) -1. minus one (440 cases) 0. no change (1711 cases) 1. plus one (326 cases) 2. plus two (98 cases) 3. plus three (30 cases) 4. plus four (6 cases) 5. plus five (3 cases) 6. plus six (1 case) 7. plus seven (1 case) 8. plus eight (1 case) C1205 CHANGE IN TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLD 65 OR OLDER. Change in the total number of people in the household aged 65 or older (C1103 - B3103). No missing values. -2. minus two (5 cases) -1. minus one (62 cases) 0. no change (2507 cases) 1. plus one (202 cases) 2. plus two (45 cases) 3. plus three (1 case) C1206 CHANGE IN TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLD UNDER 18. Change in the total number of people in the household under age 18 (C1104 - B3104). No missing values. -5. minus five (2 cases) -4. minus four (3 cases) -3. minus three (15 cases) -2. minus two (106 cases) -1. minus one (338 cases) 0. no change (2055 cases) 1. plus one (230 cases) 2. plus two (61 cases) 3. plus three (9 cases) 4. plus four (2 cases) 5. plus five (1 case) C1207 CHANGE IN NUMBER OF YOUNGER RELATIVES AGED 18 OR OLDER. This total includes all children, grandchildren, nieces, nephews, or great-grandchildren of respondent (or spouse) who live in the household and are age 18 or older (see C1107). No missing values. -3. minus three (8 cases) -2. minus two (56 cases) -1. minus one (241 cases) 0. no change (2223 cases) 1. plus one (229 cases) 2. plus two (59 cases) 3. plus three (5 cases) 4. plus four (1 case) C1208 CHANGE IN NUMBER OF SAME-AGE RELATIVES AGED 18 OR OLDER. This total includes all siblings, cousins or relatives of unknown relationship of respondent (or spouse) who live in the household and are 18 or older (see C1108). No missing values. -2. minus two (7 cases) -1. minus one (27 cases) 0. no change (2759 cases) 1. plus one (24 cases) 2. plus two (3 cases) 3. plus three (2 cases) C1209 CHANGE IN NUMBER OF OLDER-GENERATION RELATIVES, 18 OR OLDER. This total includes all parents, grandparents, aunts or uncles of respondent (or spouse) who live in the household and are 18 or older (see C1109). No missing values. -2. minus two (6 cases) -1. minus one (39 cases) 0. no change (2719 cases) 1. plus one (41 cases) 2. plus two (17 cases) Moving C1210 CHANGE IN LIVING STATUS OF RESPONDENT. The change in respondent's tenure status between the 1983 and 1986 interviews. No missing values. 1. homeowner in both years, did not move (1759 cases) 2. homeowner in both years, did move (226 cases) 3. own in 1983, rent/other 1986, did not move (3 cases) 4. own in 1983, rent/other 1986, did move (88 cases) 5. rent/other 1983, own in 1986, did not move (18 cases) 6. rent/other 1983, own in 1986, did move (198 cases) 7. rent/other in both years, did not move (282 cases) 8. rent/other in both years, did move (248 cases) C1504 DID RESPONDENT MOVE RECODE? Answer to question: have you (respondent) moved since spring of 1983? Recoded and corrected answer. This variable reflects corrections to the answer given by the respondent in C1503, following a match of their 1983 and 1986 addresses. No missing values. 1. yes, moved (738 cases) 2. yes, moved to a home that family already owned (17 cases) 3. yes, moved mobile home to a new location (5 cases) 4. no, but has bought/in process of buying home that rented before (13 cases) 5. no (2035 cases) 6. no, but interview conducted at second home (6 cases) 7. no, now renting home that family owned previously, 99 year or lifetime lease (3 case) 8. no, home given to respondent (5 cases) C1505 TYPE OF MOVE. Given only if respondent moved between 1983 and 1986. Determined from addresses. No missing values. 1. move within same county (428 cases) 2. move within same SMSA, but different county (39 cases) 3. move within same state, but different SMSA and county (121 cases) 4. move to different state, but same region (65 cases) 5. move to different Census region (48 cases) -9. high-income sample mover (59 cases) 0. INAP, no move (2062 cases) New Location C1211 1986 SMSA CODE. The MSA/PMSA (Metropolitan Statistical Area or Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area) code defined for the household's metropolitan area (if living within in one). The SMSA areas are defined according to 1983 boundaries to ensure comparability with the 1983 SMSA variable (B5701). C1211 is coded as zero if the household did not live in an SMSA or was in the high-income sample. 40. Abilene, TX (20 cases) 160. Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY (2 cases) 240. Allentown-Bethlehem, PA-NJ (4 cases) 360. Anaheim-Santa Ana, CA (21 cases) 480. Asheville, NC (1 case) 520. Atlanta, GA (40 cases) 560. Atlantic City, NJ (1 case) 620. Aurora-Elgin, IL (11 cases) 640. Austin, TX (2 cases) 680. Bakersfield, CA (1 case) 720. Baltimore, MD (24 cases) 860. Bellingham, WA (25 cases) 875. Bergen-Passiac, NJ (2 cases) 1000. Birmingham, AL (2 cases) 1120. Boston, MA (20 cases) 1140. Bradenton, FL (13 cases) 1160. Bridgeport-Milford, CT (22 cases) 1360. Cedar Rapids, IA (1 case) 1400. Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul, IL (1 case) 1480. Charleston, WVA (29 cases) 1520. Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC (3 cases) 1560. Chattanooga, TN-GA (2 cases) 1600. Chicago, IL (40 cases) 1620. Chico, CA (1 case) 1640. Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN (5 cases) 1680. Cleveland, OH (18 cases) 1760. Columbia, SC (39 cases) 1840. Columbus, OH (2 cases) 1920. Dallas, TX (1 case) 2000. Dayton-Springfield, OH (23 cases) 2080. Denver, CO (2 cases) 2160. Detroit, MI (59 cases) 2285. East St. Louis-Belleville, IL (4 cases) 2400. Eugene-Springfield, OR (50 cases) 2640. Flint, MI (34 cases) 2750. Fort Walton Beach, FL (1 case) 2800. Forth Worth-Arlington, TX (1 case) 2920. Galveston-Texas City, TX (1 case) 2960. Gary-Hammond, IN (6 cases) 3060. Greeley, CO (1 case) 3120. Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point,NC(3 cases) 3200. Hamilton-Middletown, OH (19 cases) 3240. Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA (1 case) 3360. Houston, TX (37 cases) 3480. Indianapolis, IN (24 cases) 3640. Jersey City, NJ (9 cases) 3800. Kenosha, WI (1 case) 3920. Lafayette, IN (1 case) 3965. Lake County, IL (12 cases) 4000. Lancaster, PA (1 case) 4040. Lansing-East Lansing, MI (1 case) 4320. Lima, OH (1 case) 4400. Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR (40 cases) 4480. Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA (47 cases) 4520. Louisville, KY-IND (24 cases) 4680. Macon-Warner Robins, GA (1 case) 4820. Madison, WI (1 case) 4920. Memphis, TN-AK-MS (1 case) 5000. Miami-Hialeah, FL (11 cases) 5015. Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ (39 cases) 5120. Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI (42 cases) 5170. Modesto, CA (1 case) 5190. Monmouth-Ocean, NJ (1 case) 5240. Montgomery, AL (17 cases) 5320. Muskegon, MI (1 case) 5360. Nashville, TN (1 case) 5380. Nassau-Suffolk, NY (17 cases) 5520. New London-Norwich, CT-RI (17 cases) 5600. New York, NY (57 cases) 5640. Newark, NJ (13 cases) 5720. Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News,VA(3 cases) 5775. Oakland, CA (16 cases) 5880. Oklahoma City, OK (1 case) 5920. Omaha, NE-IA (2 cases) 5960. Orlando, FL (24 cases) 6000. Oxnard-Ventura, CA (1 case) 6120. Peoria, IL (4 cases) 6160. Philadelphia, PA-NJ (39 cases) 6200. Phoenix, AZ (22 cases) 6280. Pittsburgh, PA (32 cases) 6460. Poughkeepsie, NY (1 case) 6520. Provo-Orem, UT (1 case) 6640. Raleigh-Durham, NC (2 cases) 6680. Reading, PA (1 case) 6690. Redding, CA (1 case) 6720. Reno, NV (1 case) 6760. Richmond-Petersburg V29 cases) 6780. Riverside-San Bernadino, CA (2 cases) 6800. Roanoke, VA (1 case) 7040. St. Louis, MO-IL (23 cases) 7080. Salem, OR (1 case) 7160. Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT (66 cases) 7240. San Antonio, TX (1 case) 7320. San Diego, CA (14 cases) 7360. San Francisco, CA (15 cases) 7400. San Jose, CA (1 case) 7500. Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA (2 cases) 7510. Sarasota, FL (33 cases) 7560. Scranton--Wilkes-Barre, PA (19 cases) 7600. Seattle, WA (17 cases) 7620. Sheboygan, WI (31 cases) 7760. Sioux Falls, SD (48 cases) 7880. Springfield, IL (7 cases) 8160. Syracuse, NY (28 cases) 8200. Tacoma, WA (1 case) 8280. Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL (3 cases) 8400. Toledo, OH (27 cases) 8480. Trenton, NJ (19 cases) 8560. Tulsa, OK (37 cases) 8640. Tyler, TX (1 case) 8720. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA (26 cases) 8780. Visalla-Tulare-Porterville, CA (11 cases) 8840. Washington, DC-MD-VA (31 cases) 8920. Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA (37 cases) 9040. Wichita, KS (1 case) 9160. Wilmington, DE-NJ-MD (1 case) 9240. Worcester, MA (20 cases) 9320. Youngstown-Warren, OH (2 cases) 0. high-income or not in SMSA (1162 cases) C1212 SMSA POPULATION. The 1980 Census population for the SMSA (if any) where the household lives. 1983 SMSA boundaries were used to define the limits of each SMSA. xxxxxxx. population of SMSA (100,935 to 8,274,961) 0. high-income or not in SMSA (1162 cases) C1213 1986 COUNTY (FIPS) CODE This variable is the Census-defined FIPS code for the household's county of residence at the time of the 1986 interview. The FIPS code is a 5 digit code, the first two digits indicating the state (the same as variable C1134) and the last three digits giving a three digit county code within the state. Coded for all cross-section observations. The comparable 1983 variable is B5703. 1073. Jefferson County, AL (2 cases) 1101. Montgomery County, AL (20 cases) 2110. Juneau County, AK (1 case) 2122. Kenai Peninsula County, AK (1 case) 4013. Maricopa County, AZ (22 cases) 5019. Clark County, AR (42 cases) 5093. Mississippi County, AR (36 cases) 5109. Pike County, AR (1 case) 5119. Pulaski County, AR (31 cases) 5125. Saline County, AR (9 cases) 6001. Alameda County, CA (14 cases) 6007. Butte County, CA (1 case) 6013. Contra Costa County, CA (2 cases) 6029. Kern County, CA (1 case) 6033. Lake County, CA (1 case) 6037. Los Angeles County, CA (47 cases) 6055. Napa County, CA (22 cases) 6059. Orange County, CA (21 cases) 6063. Monterey County, CA (20 cases) 6065. Riverside County, CA (2 cases) 6073. San Diego County, CA (14 cases) 6075. San Francisco County, CA (6 cases) 6079. San Luis Obispo County, CA (1 case) 6081. San Mateo County, CA (9 cases) 6085. Santa Clara County, CA (1 case) 6089. Shasta County, CA (1 case) 6095. Solano County, CA (4 cases) 6097. Sonoma County, CA (2 cases) 6099. Stanislaus County, CA (1 case) 6107. Tulare County, CA (17 cases) 6111. Ventura County, CA (1 case) 8005. Arapahoe County, CA (1 case) 8031. Denver County, CO (1 case) 8075. Logan County, CO (26 cases) 8123. Weld County, CO (1 case) 8125. Yuma County, CO (1 case) 9001. Fairfield County, CT (22 cases) 9009. New Haven County, CT (1 case) 9011. New London County, CT (17 cases) 11000. District of Columbia (5 cases) 12015. Charlotte County, FL (1 case) 12023. Columbia County, FL (1 case) 12025. Dade County, FL (11 cases) 12057. Hillsborough County, FL (2 cases) 12081. Manatee County, FL (13 cases) 12087. Monroe County, FL (1 case) 12091. Perry County, FL (1 case) 12095. Orange County, FL (20 cases) 12097. Osceola County, FL (2 cases) 12101. Pasco County. FL (1 case) 12115. Sarasota County, FL (33 cases) 12117. Seminole County, FL (2 cases) 13021. Bibb County, GA (1 case) 13057. Cherokee County, FL (1 case) 13089. DeKalb County, GA (18 cases) 13113. Floyd County, GA (1 case) 13121. Fulton County, GA (15 cases) 13135. Gwinnett County, GA (5 cases) 13139. Hall County, GA (1 case) 13185. Lowndes County, GA (30 cases) 13315. Wilcox County, GA (1 case) 17019. Champaign County, IL (1 case) 17031. Cook County, IL (34 cases) 17043. Du Page County, IL (6 cases) 17089. Kane County, IL (10 cases) 17093. Kendall County, IL (1 case) 17097. Lake County, IL (12 cases) 17107. Logan County, IL (21 cases) 17133. Monroe County, IL (1 case) 17145. Perry County, IL (1 case) 17157. Randolph County, IL (23 cases) 17163. St. Clair County, IL (4 cases) 17167. Sangamon County, IL (1 case) 17197. Will County, IL (4 cases) 18059. Hancock County, IN (7 cases) 18089. Lake County, IN (6 cases) 18097. Marlon County, IN (17 cases) 18159. Tipton, IN (1 case) 19013. Black Hawk County, IA (37 cases) 19019. Buchanan County, IA (1 case) 19047. Crawford County, IA (22 cases) 19059. Dickinson County, IA (1 case) 19113. Linn County, IA (1 case) 19133. Monona County, IA (1 case) 20161. Riley County. KS (1 case) 20173. Sedgwick County, KS (1 case) 20179. Sheridan County, KS (1 case) 21005. Anderson County, KY (1 case) 21093. Hardin County, KY (2 cases) 21111. Jefferson County, KY (24 cases) 21177. Kenton County, KY (22 cases) 22001. Acadia County, LA (24 cases) 22035. East Carroll County, LA (24 cases) 22097. St. Landry County, LA (1 case) 22115. Vernon County, LA (1 case) 22123. West Carroll County, LA (1 case) 23031. York County, ME (28 cases) 24005. Baltimore County, MD (4 cases) 24015. Cecil County, MD (1 case) 24021. Frederick County, MD (1 case) 24025. Harford County, MD (9 cases) 24027. Howard County, MD (1 case) 24031. Montgomery County, MD (3 cases) 24037. St. Mary's County, MD (1 case) 24510. Baltimore City (independent city), MD (10 cases) 25001 Barnstable County, MA (1 case) 25009. Essex County, MA (2 cases) 25013 Hampden County, MA (1 case) 25017. Middlesex County, MA (15 cases) 25021. Norfolk County, MA (1 case) 25025. Suffolk County, MA (5 cases) 25027. Worcester County, MA (43 cases) 26029. Charlevoix County, MI (1 case) 26045. Eaton County, MI (1 case) 26049. Genesee County, MI (34 cases) 26099. Macomb County, MI (12 cases) 26113. Missaukee County, MI (1 case) 26115. Monroe County, MI (8 cases) 26121. Muskegon County, MI (1 case) 26125. Oakland County, MI (17 cases) 26149. St. Joseph County, MI (32 cases) 26163. Wayne County, MI (22 cases) 27001 Aitkin County, MN (1 case) 27003 Anoka County, MN (1 case) 27037. Dakota County, MN (1 case) 27053. Hennepin County, MN (26 cases) 27123. Ramsey County, MN (9 cases) 27163. Washington County, MN (5 cases) 28051. Holmes County, MS (1 case) 28123. Scott County, MS (1 case) 28127. Simpson County, MS (27 cases) 29001. Adair County, MO (18 cases) 29099. Jefferson County, MO (5 cases) 29113. Bates County, MO (1 case) 29189. St. Louis County, MO (16 cases) 29199. Scotland County, MO (1 case) 29201. Scott County, MO (1 case) 29207. Stoddard County, MO (34 cases) 29510. St. Louis City (independent city), MO (1 cases) 31055. Douglas County, NE (1 case) 31061. Franklin County, NB (29 cases) 31153. Sarpy County, NE (1 case) 31157. Scotts Bluff County, NE (1 case) 31179. Wayne County, NE (1 case) 32031. Washoe County, NV (1 case) 34001 Atlantic County, NJ (1 case) 34003. Bergen County, NJ (2 cases) 34007. Camden County, NJ (4 cases) 34013. Essex County, NJ (10 cases) 34017. Hudson County, NJ (9 cases) 34021. Mercer County, NJ (19 cases) 34023. Middlesex County, NJ (11 cases) 34027. Morris County, NJ (1 case) 34029. Ocean County, NJ (1 case) 34035. Somerset County, NJ (28 cases) 34039. Union County, NJ (2 cases) 36001, Albany County, NY (1 case) 36005. Bronx County, NY (8 cases) 36027. Dutchess County, NY (1 case) 36039. Greene County, NY (1 case) 36047. Kings County, NY (7 cases) 36053. Madison County, NY (14 cases) 36059. Nassau County, NY (14 cases) 36061. New York County, NY (17 cases) 36065. Oneida County, NY (1 case) 36067. Onondaga County, NY (14 cases) 36081. Queens County, NY (8 cases) 36085. Richmond County, NY (2 cases) 36101. Steuben County, NY (1 case) 36103. Suffolk County, NY (3 cases) 36111. Ulster County, NY (19 cases) 36119. Westchester County, NY (15 cases) 37021. Buncombe County, NC (1 case) 37027. Cabarrus County, NC (1 case) 37045. Cleveland County, NC (1 case) 37053. Currituck County, NC (37 cases) 37055. Dare County, NC (1 case) 37063. Durham County, NC (1 case) 37067. Forsyth County, NC (1 case) 37081. Guilford County, NC (2 cases) 37097. Iredell County, NC (2 cases) 37119. Mecklenberg County, NC (3 cases) 37121. Mitchell County, NC (1 case) 37147. Pitt County, NC (31 cases) 37157. Rockingham County, NC (1 case) 37183. Wake County, NC (1 case) 37189. Watauga County, NC (29 cases) 39003. Allen County, OH (1 case) 39017. Butler County, OH (19 cases) 39025. Clermont County, OH (2 cases) 39035. Geauga County, OH (4 cases) 39049. Franklin County, OH (1 case) 39055. Geuaga County, OH (7 cases) 39057. Greene County, OH (1 case) 39061. Hamilton County, OH (3 cases) 39063. Hancock County, OH (18 cases) 39083. Knox County, OH (38 cases) 39085. Lake County, OH (6 cases) 39089. Licking County, OH (1 case) 39095. Lucas County, OH (27 cases) 39099. Mahoning County, OH (1 case) 39103. Medina County, OH (1 case) 39113. Montgomery County, OH (22 cases) 39147. Seneca County, OH (1 case) 39149. Shelby County, OH (1 case) 39155. Trumbull County, OH (1 case) 39173. Wood County, OH (1 case) 40037. Creek County, OK (10 cases) 40109. Okfuskee County, OK (1 case) 40143. Tulsa County, OK (27 cases) 41039. Lane County, OR (50 cases) 41043. Linn County, OR (1 case) 41053. Polk County, OR (1 case) 42003. Allegheny County, PA (19 cases) 42011. Berks County, PA (1 case) 42017. Bucks County, PA (1 case) 42029. Chester County, PA (23 cases) 42043. Dauphin County, PA (1 case) 42045. Delaware County, PA (1 case) 42055. Franklin County, PA (1 case) 42069. Lackawanna County, PA (1 case) 42071. Lancaster County, PA (1 case) 42077. Lehigh County, PA (1 case) 42079. Luzerne County, PA (18 cases) 42091. Montgomery County, PA (1 case) 42101. Philadelphia County, PA (9 cases) 42109. Snyder County, PA (37 cases) 42125. Washington County, PA (13 cases) 44007. Providence County, RI (1 case) 45055. Allendale County, SC (1 case) 45063. Lexington County, SC (16 cases) 45079. Richland County, SC (23 cases) 46029. Kershaw County, SC (1 case) 46047. Codington County, SD (1 case) 46079. Fall River County, SD (1 case) 46099. Minnehaha County, SD (48 cases) 46103. Pennington County, SD (1 case) 47007. Bledsoe County, TN (36 cases) 47075. Henry County, TN (1 case) 47129. Morgan County, TN (1 case) 47143. Rhea County, TN (1 case) 47153. Sequatchie County, TN (2 cases) 47157. Shelby County, TN (1 case) 47175. Van Buren County, TN (1 case) 47189. Williamson County, TN (1 case) 48027. Bell County, TX (1 case) 48113. Dallas County, TX (1 case) 48161. Freestone County, TX (1 case) 48167. Galveston County, TX (1 case) 48185. Grimes County, TX (1 case) 48201. Harris County, TX (35 cases) 48209. Hays County, TX (1 case) 48253. Jones County, TX (4 cases) 48339. Montgomery County, TX (2 case) 48439. Tarrant County, TX (1 case) 48441. Taylor County, TX (20 cases) 48491. Williamson County, TX (1 case) 49011. Davis County, UT (1 case) 49035. Salt Lake County,UT (43 cases) 49049. Utah County, UT (1 case) 50003. Bennington County, VT (1 case) 51013. Arlington County, VA (1 case) 51015. Augusta County, VA (1 case) 51059. Fairfax County, VA (15 cases) 51085. Hanover County, VA (9 cases) 51087. Henrico County, VA (8 cases) 51153. Prince William County, VA (1 case) 51600. Fairfax (independent city), VA (6 cases) 51700. Newport News County, VA (1 case) 51710. Norfolk County, VA (1 case) 51760. Richmond (independent city), VA (12 cases) 51770. Roanoke County, VA (1 case) 51810. Virginia Beach County, VA (1 case) 53033. King County, WA (15 cases) 53049. Pacific County, WA (1 case) 53053. Pierce County, WA (1 case) 53061. Snohomish County, WA (2 cases) 53073. Whatcom County, WA (25 cases) 54039. Kanawha County, WA (29 cases) 54045. Logan County, WV (1 case) 55025. Dane County, WI (1 case) 55059. Kenosha County, WI (1 case) 55095. Polk County, WI (1 case) 55099. Price County, WI (1 case) 55117. Sheboygan County, WI (31 cases) 56031. Platte County, WI (1 case) 0. high-income sample (359 cases) C1214 COUNTY POPULATION The county population as measured in the 1980 Census. xxxxxxxx. population (3,544 to 7,477,503) 0. high-income sample (359 cases) C1215 1986 PSU (PRIMARY SAMPLING UNIT) NUMBER. An assigned number based on the observation's PSU (see B3013). It gives a unique sampling cell number to all observations in the sample. Values 1 through 9 are the nine cells in B3012 for the high-income observations. The remainder indicate area-probability sample PSUs. Values 10 through 22 are self-representing PSUs. Values 23 through 54 are PSUs located primarily in SMSAs and urban areas. Values 55 through 84 imply PSUs primarily covering rural counties. A minus 9 (-9) indicates that the household had moved and in 1986 was not located in an SRC PSU. xx. cell number (1 to 84) -9. not located in PSU (165 cases) C1216 1980 FRAME PSU. This variable indicates the number of the 1980 SRC sample PSU that the household lives in. Not given for the high-income sample. The value in C1216 is the stratum number assigned to the PSU in Table A on page 87 of 1980 SRC NATIONAL SAMPLE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT, February 1986. A minus nine (-9) indicates that the household does not live in a 1980 PSU. xx. (1 to 74) 0. INAP, high-income sample (359 cases) -9. household does not live in the 1980 SRC Frame (1528 cases) Price Changes C1217 CPI PRICE CHANGES. Change in the Consumer Price Index from the 1983 respondent- interview month to the 1986 respondent-interview month. If C1217 (divided by 10,000) is multiplied by a 1983 variable (expressed in dollars), it will convert the variable to 1986 dollars. Dividing a dollar-valued 1986 variable by C1217 will convert it to 1983 dollars. The mean of C1217 is 1.1125. No missing values. xxxxx. rate of change times 10,000 (10956 to 11262) Savings and Savings Attitudes C1218 (#1) REASONS FOR SAVING. C1219 (#2) Respondent was asked what were the household's most C1220 (#3) important reasons for saving. Three variables are provided for responses. Designed as an open-ended question. The codes are the same as used in 1983 (B5401 and B5402). 1. children's (grandchildren's) education (178/144/38 cases) 2. own education; spouse's education; education -- NA for whom (40/28/11 cases) 3. "for the children/family" not further specified; "to help the kids out"; "to have children/baby" (78/104/29 cases) 4. gifts to persons outside the household, to charities or to churches (4/6/3 cases) 5. to get married (1/0/0 cases) 6. to get children back (1/0/0 cases) 11. buying own house (93/46/8 cases) 12. purchase of cottage or second home for own use (2/3/1 cases) 13. buy a car/truck (8/33/13 cases) 14. home improvements/repairs (18/35/19 cases) 15. to travel; take vacations (102/161/81 cases) 16. buy durable household goods, appliances, home furnishings; hobby items; for other purchases not codable above or not specified; "to buy things when we need/want them" (70/102/44 cases) 17. burial; funeral expense (38/16/5 cases) 18. moving expenses (7/2/2 cases) 21. buying (investing in) own business/farm; equipment for business (8/7/2 cases) 22. retirement; old age (658/274/66 cases) 23. reserves in case of unemployment (42/32/14 cases) 24. in case of illness; medical/dental expenses (114/122/32 cases) 25. emergencies; "rainy days"; other unexpected needs; for security (634/271/73 cases) 26. investment reasons (to get interest, to be diversified, to buy other forms of assets) (84/49/21 cases) 27. to meet contractual commitments (debt repayment, insurance, taxes, etc) to pay off the house (30/15/4 cases) 28. "to get ahead"; for the future; to advance standard of living; live comfortably/enjoy life (209/70/30 cases) 29. ordinary living expenses/bills (120/42/18 cases) 30. be independent/self-sufficient (not for retirement or living expenses) (24/12/6 cases) 31. tax advantages (1/1/0 cases) 32. recreation -- not further specified (0/1/0 cases) 90. had extra income; saved because had the money left over - no other purpose specified (16/1/0 cases) 91. wise/prudent thing to do; good discipline to save (31/25/11 cases) 93. convenient to save (automatic deduction) (0/1/1 cases) 94. for a new will (0/0/1 cases) -6. don't/can't save (179/0/0 cases) -8. DK (12/0/0 cases) -9. NA (20/0/0 cases) 0. INAP(second and third reasons only)(0/1219/2289 cases) question: G1 C1221 SAVINGS CHANGE Respondent was asked: "Considering all of your savings and reserve funds, in the past three years, did you put more money in overall or take more money out?" 1. put more money in (1201 cases) 3. stayed the same, no savings (360 cases) 5. took more money out (1030 cases) 6. no savings at all (192 cases) -8. DK (17 cases) -9. NA (22 cases) question: G10 C1222 INTEREST EFFECT ON SAVINGS. Respondent was asked: "If the rate of interest you could earn on all your savings and investments went up by five percentage points, would you decrease the amount you spend so that you could set aside more to save, or would you make no change in your spending habits?" 1. decrease spending; increase saving (740 cases) 3. increase spending (will earn more so will spend more) (5 cases) 5. no change in spending (2013 cases) -8. DK (27 cases) 9. NA (37 cases) question: G11 C1223 PRIZE QUESTION. Respondent was asked: "If you won a cash prize equal to about three months of your usual income, would you save all of it, most of it, some of it, a little of it, or none of it?" If respondent answered "some", "a little", or "none" he/she was asked the follow-up question in C1224. 1. all(508 cases) 2. most (1043 cases) 3. some (785 cases) 4. a little (191 cases) 5. none (255 cases) -8. DK (16 cases) -9. NA (24 cases) question: G12 C1224 PRIZE FOLLOWUP. If respondent answered "some", "a little", or "none" to C1223, he/she was asked this follow-up question: "Would you use any of the money to repay debts?" 1. yes (680 cases) 5. no (546 cases) -8. DK (7 cases) -9. NA (38 cases) 0. INAP, C1223 coded 1 or 2 (1551 cases) question G12a C1225 SAVINGS TYPE. Respondent was asked: "There seem to be two different methods people use to save. Some people first put aside a certain amount for savings and then use the rest for expenses, while other people first pay all their expenses and then use the rest for savings. Which of these two ways comes closest to your saving habits?" 1. first put aside savings (639 cases) 2. first pay expenses (2029 cases) 6. do not save at all (114 cases) -8. DK (11 cases) -9. NA (29 cases) question: G13 C1461 NOMINAL SAVINGS 1983 TO 1986. This variable is computed as the household's change in wealth from 1983 to 1986. For most households this is C1457 - C1458. If divorce split a household between 1983 and 1986 and the 1986 respondent did not remarry, then savings is C1457 - C1458/2. If a respondent, single in 1983, married before the 1986 interview, then savings is C1457 - 2 * C1458. For respondents widowed over this period, their savings were adjusted by their deceased spouse's bequests to non-household members (C1287 and C1288). Widows remarrying were assumed to marry someone possessing wealth equal to one-half the widow's 1983 household wealth. No missing values. xxxxxxxx. dollars (-32,811,444 to 35,320,915) 0. none (21 cases) C1462 REAL SAVINGS 1983 TO 1986. This variable is the same as C1461 except that 1983 wealth is inflated to 1986 dollars by the change in the Consumer Price Index between the two interview dates (C1217). The average inflation rate over the survey interval was 11.2 percent. No missing values. xxxxxxxx. dollars (-38,564,656 to 32,279,291) 0. none (19 cases) LIFE EVENTS Share Living Quarters C1251 SHARE LIVING QUARTERS. Respondents was asked if they (or their spouses) had shared living quarters for three months or more with adult children, grandchildren, or other relatives or friends during the previous three years. This variable was adjusted if the 1983 or 1986 household listings showed someone living with the household (even if respondent actually reported that he/she did not share living quarters). No missing values. 1. yes, shared living quarters (1126 cases) 5. no, did not share living quarters (1696 cases) question: H6 (A) Adult Children (B) Parents (parents-in-law) (C) Grandparents (grandparents-in-law) (D) Grandchildren (E) Siblings (including in-laws) (F) Friends C1252 (A) WITH WHOM SHARE LIVING QUARTERS? C1253 (B) Respondent was asked to list all the individuals with whom C1254 (C) he/she (or his/her spouse) had shared living quarters. No C1255 (D) missing values. C1256 (E) C1257 (F) 1. shared living quarters with type of individual (677/ 184/14/157/129/123 cases) 5. did not share living quarters with type of individual (449/942/1112/969/997/1003 cases) 0. INAP, did not share living quarters with anyone (1696/1696/1696/1696/1696/1696 cases) question:H6a C1258 OTHER PERSONS SHARE LIVING QUARTERS. Other persons not mentioned above with whom respondent (or his/her) shared living quarters. No missing values. 2. nieces/nephews (39 cases) 3. cousins (13 cases) 4. aunt/uncle (5 cases) 6. ex-spouse or ex-partner (8 cases) 7. other non-relatives (103 cases) 8. other relatives (7 cases) -6. no other persons (951 cases) 0. INAP (1696 cases) question: H6a. C1259 WHOSE HOME LIVE IN WHILE SHARING? Respondent was asked whether the most recent time he/she (or their spouse) shared living quarters it was in the respondent's home, the home of someone else, or a shared home. If it was in respondent's home, follow-up questions were asked on the income of those sharing the respondent's home. No missing values. 1. respondent's home (995 cases) 2. other person's home (108 cases) 3. a home that was shared/owned/rented equally (21 cases) 7. some other arrangement (2 cases) 0. INAP (1696 cases) question: H6b C1260 DID THOSE SHARING LIVING QUARTERS HAVE INCOME? Includes all income sources including earnings, Social Security, or public assistance. Answered only if respondent and others lived in respondent's home (C1259 equals 1). No missing values. 1. yes (736 cases) 5. no (259 cases) 0. INAP, no shared quarters or did not share in respondent's home (1827 cases) question: H6c C1261 CONTRIBUTION TOWARD EXPENSES. Indicates whether the person(s) with whom respondent was sharing living quarters contributed to household expenses. No missing values. 1. contributed enough to cover all of the additional expenses he/she caused (46 cases) 2. contributed enough to cover most of the additional expenses he/she caused (94 cases) 3. contributed enough to cover some of the additional expenses he/she caused (140 cases) 4. contributed enough to cover a small part of the additional expenses he/she caused (119 cases) 5. did not contribute anything (596 cases) 0. INAP (1827 cases) question: H6d,H6e Divorce C1262 DIVORCED SINCE 1983. This variable indicates whether respondent has undergone a divorce since the 1983 interview. No missing values. 1. yes (145 cases) 5. no (2677 cases) C1263 DIVISION OF PROPERTY. If there was a division of property as part of a divorce, this is the total dollar value of the assets that the 1986 respondent received, including his/her share of the financial assets, home and properties. No missing values. xxxxxxx. dollars (500 to 7,525,000) -4. a small but unspecified amount or a negative loss amount (2 cases) -6. nothing (got the shaft) (3 cases) -7. no financial settlement (39 cases) 0. INAP, no divorce (2677 cases) question: A13,A13a Alimony C1264 ALIMONY ARRANGEMENTS. No missing values. 1. respondent required to pay alimony (14 cases) 2. respondent supposed to receive alimony (13 cases) 6. no alimony (118 cases) 0. INAP, no divorce (2677 cases) question: A14 C1265 (PAY) ALIMONY AMOUNT PER YEAR. C1268 (GET) This is the total dollar amount of alimony that respondent was required to pay per year (if C1264 equals 1) or receive per year (if C1264 equals 2). No missing values. xxxxx. dollars per year (600 to 60,000) 0. INAP, no divorce or not required to pay/recieve alimony (2808/2809 cases) question: A14a,A15 C1266 (PAY) SCHEDULED TIMING OF ALIMONY PAYMENTS. C1269 (GET) Time period for the alimony payments, as set at the time of the settlement. C1266 is answered for those paying alimony and C1269 for those receiving it. No missing values. 1. certain number of years (11/10 cases) 2. for life (3/2 cases) 3. payments will continue indefinitely, but will be reduced when child reaches 18 (0/1 case) 0. INAP, no divorce or not required to pay/receive alimony (2808/2809 cases) question: A14b,A16 C1267 (PAY) NUMBER OF YEARS ALIMONY REQUIRED. C1270 (GET) Answered if C1266 or C1269 specified a time period. This is the number of years that payments were required, as set at the settlement. No missing values. 1. one (3/2 cases) 2. two (2/2 cases) 3. three (3/2 cases) 5. five (2/2 cases) 6. six (1/2 cases) 10. ten (0/1) cases) 0. INAP, no divorce or not required to pay/receive alimony or years not set (2811/2811 cases) question: A14c,A16a C1271 ALIMONY OVERDUE. Asked of all respondents scheduled to receive alimony. This is the total dollar amount of alimony payments that were currently in arrears. No missing values. xxxx. dollars (204 to 6,750) -6. none (8 cases) 0. INAP, not supposed to receive alimony (2809 cases) question: A16b,A16c Child Support & Custody C1272 CUSTODY. This reflects the custody status of children as set at the time of the divorce settlement. No missing values. 1. respondent received custody (41 cases) 2. respondent's spouse received custody (28 cases) 3. joint custody (25 cases) 6. no children (51 cases) 0. INAP, no divorce (2677 cases) question: A17 C1273 CHILD SUPPORT. Answered only if there were children involved in the divorce (C1272 equals 1, 2, or 3). No missing values. 1. respondent required to pay child support (31 cases) 2. respondent supposed to receive child support (47 cases) 3. no child support (16 cases) 0. INAP, no children in divorce (2728 cases) question: A18 C1274 (PAY) CHILD SUPPORT AMOUNT PER YEAR. C1277 (GET) This is the total dollar amount of child support that respondent was required to pay per year (if C1273 equals 1) or receive per year (if C1273 equals 2). No missing values. xxxxx. dollars per year (780 to 11,000) 0. INAP, no divorce or not required to pay/recieve alimony (2791/2775 cases) question: A18a,A19 C1275 (PAY) SCHEDULED TIMING OF CHILD SUPPORT C1278 (GET) PAYMENTS. Time period for the child support payments, as set at the time of the settlement. C1275 is answered for those paying child support and C1278 for those receiving it. No missing values. 1. certain number of years (4/0 cases) 2. certain age of children (27/43 cases) 3. until youngest child out of college or leave home (0/2 cases) 6. no time period specified (0/2 cases) 0. INAP, no divorce or not required to pay/receive child support (2791/2775 cases) question: A18b,A20 C1276 (PAY) NUMBER OF YEARS CHILD SUPPORT REQUIRED. C1279 (GET) This is the number of years that payments were required, as set at the settlement, or the number of implied years based on the age of respondent's youngest child at the time of the divorce and the age of that child at which payments would cease. No missing values. xx. years (1 to 19) -6. no time period specified (0/2 cases) 0. INAP, no divorce or not required to pay/receive child support (2791/2777 cases) question: A18c,A18d,A18e,A20a,A20b,A20c C1280 CHILD SUPPORT OVERDUE. Asked of all respondents scheduled to receive child support. This is the total dollar amount of child support payments that were currently in arrears. No missing values. xxxxx. dollars (80 to 16,000) -6. none (27 cases) 0. INAP, not supposed to receive child support (2775 cases) question: A16b,A16c Divorce -- Other Financial Aspects C1281 (#1) OTHER FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF DIVORCE. C1282 (#2) Respondent was asked to list any other financial aspects of C1283 (#3) their divorce. Up to three other items are given. 1. pension rights; part of pension (3/0/0 case) 2. medical expenses; health insurance (32/6/3 cases) 3. children's college/education expenses (6/3/1 cases) 4. life insurance (ex-spouse or child beneficiary) (0/1/0 cases) 5. split use of/rent for/sale proceeds from house/property (4/1/1 cases) 6. ex-spouse still owes money (no reference to why or what for) (1/2/0 cases) 7. division of community property (0/0/1 case) 8. investments; IRAs (1/0/0 case) 9. support payments dependent on salary (2/0/0 cases) 11. insurance -- NA kind (0/0/1 case) 97. other (1/0/0 case) -6. no other financial aspects (95/0/0 cases) 0. INAP, no divorce or second or third aspects (2677/2809/2815 cases) question A23,A23a Widowhood C1284 WIDOWED. Indicates whether respondent had been widowed since the 1983 interview. No missing values. 1. yes (82 cases) 5. no (2740 cases) C1285 AGE OF SPOUSE AT DEATH. The age of respondent's spouse at the time of death. No missing values. xx. years (35 to 89) 0. INAP, not widowed (2740 cases) question: A25 C1286 WILL. Did respondent's deceased spouse have a will? No missing values. 1. yes (43 cases) 5. no (39 cases) 0. INAP (2740 cases) question: A26 C1287 AMOUNT LEFT TO CHARITY. The amount left by respondent's deceased spouse to churchs, universities, medical, or other charitable organizations. No missing values. xxxxx. dollars (100 to 20,000) -6. none (77 cases) 0. INAP (2740 cases) question: A27,A27a C1288 AMOUNT LEFT TO OTHERS. The amount left by repsondent's deceased spouse to any persons outside respondent's household. No missing values. xxxxxx. dollars (700 to 400,000) -6. none (69 cases) 0. INAP (2740 cases) question: A28,A28a C1289 PENSIONS. Did respondent's deceased spouse expect or were they currently receiving a pension (other than Social Security); and, if so, does respondent receive or expect to receive benefits from this pension. Missing values are not imputed. 1. yes and respondent expects (or receives) benefits from the pension(s) (8 cases) 2. yes and respondent does not expect benefits from the pension(s) (12 cases) 5. no pension (62 cases) 0. INAP (2740 cases) question: A29,A30 C1290 TIMING OF PENSION SPOUSAL BENEFITS. Answered only if currently receiving benefits (or expect to) (1289 equals 1). No missing values. 1. pension last for rest of life (7 cases) 2. pension last for limted period (1 case) 0. INAP, no pension benefits (2814 cases) question: A30a C1291 OPTION FOR SPOUSAL BENEFITS. Answered only if if respondent receives spousal benefits for a limited period (C1290 equals 2) or not going to receive benefits (C1289 equals 2). Respondent was asked if his/her deceased spouse's employer offered an option that would provide lifetime spousal benefits for the respondent. 1. yes (5 cases) 5. no (5 cases) -8. DK (2 cases) -9. NA (1 cases) 0. INAP, no pension or lifetime benefits (2809 cases) question: A31 C1292 JOINTLY DECIDE. If employer of the respondent's deceased spouse offered a spousal benefit (C1291 equals 1), respondent was asked if the couple decided jointly whether or not to have the option. 1. joint decision (2 cases) 2. deceased spouse decided alone (3 cases) 0. INAP, did not offer option (2817 cases) question: A32 REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES Household Income C1301 TOTAL 1985 HOUSEHOLD INCOME. Total reported income. The comparable variable for the 1983 survey is B3201. Imputations for this variable were conducted in a number of ways. First, if respondent or spouse were missing current wage data, that information was imputed using the methods described in the employment section. Projections of 1985 pension and Social Security income were also made on the basis of information reported in 1986 and from projections of 1983 benefits. Alimony and child support were computed from 1986 data, and an estimate of income from assets was made on the basis of reported asset data and the interest, dividend, and capital gain rates prevailing during 1985. If respondents did not give a dollar value for their 1985 income they were probed for range data by the sequence: "Was your income more than $25,000?," then followup probes of $5,000, $10,000, $15,000, $20,000 or $30,000, $40,000, $50,000, $75,000, $100,000 depending on the answer to the first probe. About one-half of the respondents that did not give continuous income data responded fully to the probe. In these instances, if projected income based on other sources fell within the bounds given by the respondent, the projection was used for the imputation. If the probe was not answered, but 1983 data indicated that the projected income should match income very closely, the projection was again used. In all other instances, income was imputed from a log-linear regression with randomization. If respondent had answered the probes, the imputed income was constrained to lie in the required interval by continuing to draw error terms until the imputation fell in the interval. xxxxxxx. dollars (-200,000 to 5,000,000) -4. a small loss (1 case) -6. none (2 cases) question: J1,J2 C1302 TOTAL 1985 HOUSEHOLD INCOME -- RECODED. A recode of C1301. The comparable variable for the 1983 survey is B3203. 1. less than $5,000 (168 cases) 2. $5,000-7,499 (162 cases) 3. $7,500-9,999 (103 cases) 4. $10,000-14,999 (260 cases) 5. $15,000-19,999 (259 cases) 6. $20,000-24,999 (239 cases) 7. $25,000-29,999 (240 cases) 8. $30,000-39,999 (371 cases) 9. $40,000-49,999 (271 cases) 10. $50,000 and more (749 cases) C1303 CODED VARIABLE FOR HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY DECILES. A recode of C1301. The comparable variable for the 1983 survey is B3204. Each category represents 10 percent of the survey households, after weighting (by Cxxxx). The weighted median income was $xx,xxx. The 2 percent lower and upper bounds were $2,615 and $99,000; and the 1 percent upper and lower bounds were $1,603 and $142,000. 1. less than $5,219 (216 cases) 2. $5,219-8,557 (217 cases) 3. $8,558-12,000 (203 cases) 4. $12,001-15,437 (227 cases) 5. $15,438-19,523 (246 cases) 6. $19,524-24,000 (253 cases) 7. $24,001-29,800 (281 cases) 8. $29,801-37,100 (289 cases) 9. $37,101-49,984 (276 cases) 10. $49,985 and more (614 cases) C1304 TOTAL 1984 HOUSEHOLD INCOME. Total household income for 1984. This should be the income of the household respondent in 1984. Similar imputations were to made of 1985 household income, although less emphasis was placed on projections and more on regressions. xxxxxxxx. dollars (-5,000 to 11,000,000) -4. a small loss (1 case) -6. none (2 cases) question: J3,J4 C1305 TOTAL 1983 HOUSEHOLD INCOME. Total household income for 1984. This should be the income of the household respondent was in in 1984. Imputations were done similarly for 1985 household income, although less emphasis was placed on projections and more on regressions. xxxxxxx. dollars (-500,000 to 4,000,000) -4. a small loss (1 case) -6. none (7 cases) question: J5,J6 C1306 WELFARE OR UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION Response to the question: "During the past three years did you (or anyone in your family living in the household) receive workmen's or unemployment compensation, ADC, AFDC, food stamps, SSI, or other public assistance?" No missing values. 1. yes (520 cases) 5. no (2302 cases) question: J7 Financial Support C1307 AMOUNT OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Respondent was asked if he/she (or the family) had received any financial support or gifts from friends or relatives not living with them that totalled $3,000 or more over the previous three years . The variable is the reported total of such gifts or support. Alimony, child support or widows benefits reported earlier should were not supposed to be included here (some were edited out). No missing values. xxxxxx. dollars (3,000 to 340,000) 0. no such support, or support less than $3,000 (2648 cases) question: H8,H8b (A) Children (including stepchildren) (B) Parents (parents-in-law) (C) Grandparents (grandparents-in-law) (D) Grandchildren (E) Siblings (including in-laws) (F) Friends C1308 (A) FROM WHOM RECEIVE SUPPORT OR GIFTS. C1309 (B) This variable indicates the persons from whom the respondent C1310 (C) or (his/her family) received such gifts. No missing values. C1311 (D) C1312 (E) 1. received gifts from this type of individual C1313 (F) (5/123/15/2/5/10 cases) 5. did not receive gifts from this type of individual (169/51/159/172/169/164 cases) 0. INAP, did not recieve gifts/support totaling $3,000 from anyone (2648/2648/2648/2648/2648/2648 cases) question:H8a C1314 OTHER PERSONS FROM WHOM RECEIVE SUPPORT OR GIFTS. Other persons not mentioned above from whom respondent (or someone in the household) received support or gifts. No missing values. 2. aunt/uncle (12 cases) 3. ex-spouse or ex-partner (12 cases) 4. wedding gift(s) (3 cases) 6. other relatives (3 cases) -6. no other persons (144 cases) 0. INAP (2648 cases) question: H8a. C1315 EMERGENCY FUNDS. Respondent was asked: "In an emergency could you (or your spouse) get financial assistance of $3,000 or more from any friends or relatives who do not live with you?" Those respondents actually receiving such aid (see C1307) were not asked the question; however the survey assumes that their answer would be yes. 1. yes, receive funds (1805 cases) 3. possibly receive funds (172 cases) 5. no, could not get funds (824 cases) -8. DK (21 cases) question: H9 Windfalls C1316 AMOUNT OF WINDFALLS. Respondent was asked to report any unusually large amounts of money or property received over the previous three years. These items include inheritances, insurance awards, lottery winnings and other amounts. The term "large" is self-defined by respondent. No missing values. xxxxxxxx. dollars (20 to 14,000,000) 0. did not report any unusual amounts (2575 cases) question: H14,H14b C1317 (#1) SOURCE OF WINDFALL. C1318 (#2) These variables give the source(s) of windfalls or unusual amounts received by respondent or their family. No missing values. 1. inheritance (including life insurance) (123/1 cases) 2. financial aid or gifts from friends (other those than reported in the support and gift section) (9/2 cases) 3. church (1/0 cases) 4. scholarship (2/0 cases) 5. awards -- NA what (0/1 case) 11. insurance settlement (except life); legal award; workman's compensation award (57/1 case) 12. tax refund (2/0 cases) 21. lottery/gambling winnings (22/1 cases) 31. sale of asset; sold building/stock/business (16/1 cases) 32. pension plan distribution (lump sum) (2/0 cases) 33. cashed in IRA/life insurance (3 cases) 34. interest/dividends on stocks (2/0 cases) 35. repayment of loan (1/0 case) 40. book advance (1/0 case) 41. from employer or former employer; severence pay/profit sharing/bonus (6/1 cases) 42. earned income/second job (0/1 cases) question: H14a Auto, Home Improvement, Major Durable, and Health Expenses C1319 EXPENDITURES ON VEHICLES. The gross amount spent on the purchase of cars, trucks, vans, motorhomes (excluding business vehicles) since the 1983 survey. No missing values. xxxxxx. dollars (140 to 150,000) 0. none (1206 cases) question: F2,F2a C1320 EXPENDITURES ON HOME IMPROVEMENTS AND MAJOR DURABLES. Respondent was asked if he/she (or their family) had spent $3,000 or more in total on furniture, appliances, recreation items, or additions and repairs to their home since the 1983 interview. This variable indicates the total amount spent on such items. No missing values. xxxxxxx. dollars (3,000 to 3,500,000) 0. did not spend $3,000 or more on such items (1824 cases) question: F3,F3a C1321 EXPENDITURES ON HEALTH. Respondent was asked if he/she (or someone in the family) had suffered a major illness or disability which required hospitalization or cost $3,000 or more since the 1983 interview. If the answer was yes, respondent was asked for the amount he/she (or the respondent's family) personally had to pay for health costs associated with the illness. No missing values. xxxxxx. dollars (10 to 401,631) -6. paid nothing personally (183 cases) 0. did not have illness/disability (2009 cases) question: B33,B33a Health Insurance C1322 PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE. This variable indicates whether household members are covered under an employer-sponsored or privately-paid health insurance plan such as Blue Cross, Blue Shield, or a health maintenance organization. No missing values. 1. yes, whole household covered (1845 cases) 2. yes, but only part of household covered. Variables C1323-C1327 filled in (301 cases) 5. no household member covered (676 cases) question: B31 (A) Respondent (B) Spouse (C) Children (including children away at college) (D) Parent (parent-in-law) C1323 (A) HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS COVERED. C1324 (B) The variable indicates which household members are covered C1325 (C) under a health insurance plan. This variable is answered C1326 (D) only if some household members, but not all, are covered under a private health insurance plan. No missing values. 1. household member covered (215/144/54/13 cases) 5. household member not covered (86/157/247/288 cases) 0. INAP, all of the household (or none of it) covered under a health insurance plan (2514/2514/2514/2514 cases) question: B31a C1327 OTHER HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS COVERED. Other persons not mentioned above covered under health insurance plans. Answered only if some household members, but not all, are covered under a private health insurance plan. No missing values. 2. aunt/uncle (3 cases) 3. ex-spouse or ex-partner (12 cases) 4. wedding gift(s) (3 cases) 6. other relatives (1 cases) -6. no other persons (284 cases) 0. INAP (2521 cases) question: B31a (A) Respondent's employer or former employer (B) Spouse's employer or former employer (C) Respondent (or spouse) C1328 (A) WHO PAYS FOR PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE. C1329 (B) This variable indicates who pays part or all of the costs of C1330 (C) the household's private health insurance plan. This variable is answered only if the household is covered under a plan (C1322 equals 1 or 2). No missing values. 1. source pays for part or all of coverage (1239/603/956 cases) 5. source pays for none of coverage (907/1543/1190 cases) 0. INAP, no health insurance (676/676/676 cases) question: B31b C1331 OTHER SOURCE OF HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE COSTS. This variable indicates whether any source, other than those mentioned above, pays for part or all of the household's private health insurance coverage. No missing values. 2. child or child's employer (30 cases) 3. parent or parent's employer (14 cases) 4. state or government agency (3 cases) 4. former spouse or former spouse's employer (11 cases) 6. boyfriend/girlfriend or his/her employer (3 cases) 8. siblings or their employer (4 cases) 10. children's school (1 cases) -6. no other source 0. INAP (676 cases) question: B31b C1332 MEDICARE. Indicates whether anyone in the household is currently eligible to receive benefits from Medicare. Medicare is the federal government health insurance program that covers Social Security recipients and some others over age 65. It was apparent that many respondents confused Medicare and Medicaid or assumed Medicare coverage because he/she was making Medicare premium payments. Many of these cases were corrected when there was an obvious error. No missing values. 1. yes (628 cases) 5. no (2194 cases) question: B32aA C1333 MEDICAID. Indicates whether anyone in the household is currently eligible to receive benefits from Medicaid. Medicaid is the federal government health program that provides health payments for the poor. It was apparent that many respondents confused Medicare and Medicaid. Many of these cases were corrected when there was an obvious error. No missing values. 1. yes (146 cases) 5. no (2676 cases) question: B32aB C1334 VA MEDICAL. Indicates whether anyone in the household is currently eligible to receive benefits from the Veteran's Administration health programs. This generally covers all veterans. No missing values. 1. yes (181 cases) 5. no (2641 cases) question: B32aC C1335 OTHER GOVERNMENT HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM. Indicates whether anyone in the household is currently eligible to receive benefits from a government health insurance program other than Medicare, Medicaid, or VA. No missing values. 2. military health insurance program; CHAMPUS (17 cases) 3. state health insurance; Medi-cal (6 cases) 10. Medipac (2 cases) 11. foster children's health care program (1 case) 13. Title 19 (Down's syndrome) (1 case) 14. Narse (1 case) 15. Medical Assistance (1 case) 16. human research benefits (1 case) 17. Indian hospital (1 case) -6. no other program (2789 cases) question: B31aZ Educational Expenses C1336 COLLEGE EXPENSES. Total amount spent personally by respondent and/or spouse for their children's college education during the previous three years, including loans taken out. No missing values. xxxxxx. dollars (50 to 300,000) -6. none, but child in college (142 cases) 0. none, no child in college (2232 cases) question: H3 C1337 NUMBER OF CHILDREN IN COLLEGE. The number of the respondent's (or his/her spouse's) children that attended college or trade school during the past three years. No missing values. 1. one (340 cases) 2. two (181 cases) 3. three (54 cases) 4. four (15 cases) 0. none (2232 cases) question: H1,H2 C1338 (#1) TYPE OF COLLEGE. C1340 (#2) For up to three children, respondent was asked for the type of C1342 (#3) school his/her child attended. Training in the military or on-the-job training was not counted. No missing values. 1. public, four-year college or university (246/105/23 cases) 2. private, four-year college or university (166/75/33 cases) 3. junior or community college (100/43/8 cases) 4. trade school (72/27/3 cases) 5. four year/grad/law school, NA whether public or private (6/0/2 cases) 0. INAP, no child in college or not that many children (2232/2572/2753 cases) question: H2a. C1339 (#1) YEARS COMPLETED. C1341 (#2) For each child in college (up to three), respondent indicated C1343 (#3) the number of years of college the child had completed at the time of the 1986 interview (which took place in the summer). No missing values. 1. one (143/79/21 cases) 2. two (100/44/11 cases) 3. three (83/41/16 cases) 4. four (146/55/11 cases) 5. five (47/17/6 cases) 6. six (35/10/1 cases) 7. seven (36/4/2 cases) 8. eight (0/0/1 cases) 0. INAP, no child in college or not that many children (2232/2572/2753 cases) question: H2b. C1344 EXPECT CHILDREN IN COLLEGE DURING NEXT THREE YEARS. Respondent was asked if he/she expected to have any children attend college over the next three years. No missing values. 1. yes (519 cases) 3. possibly (64 cases) 5. no (2239 cases) question: H4 C1345 PRIVATE OR PAROCHIAL SCHOOL EXPENSES. The total amount respondent and/or spouse spent on private or parochial school tuition expenses for their children during the past three years. No missing values. xxxxx. dollars (25 to 70,000) 0. no child in private or parochial school (2531 cases) question: H5 Financial Support Given C1346 AMOUNT OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT GIVEN. Respondent was asked if he/she (or family) had given any financial support or gifts totaling $3,000 or more during the previous three years to friends or relatives not living in the household. The variable is the reported total of such gifts or support. Alimony, child support or widows benefits reported earlier were not supposed to be included here. (Some were edited out.) No missing values. xxxxxxx. dollars (3,000 to 2,000,000) 0. no such support, or support less than $3,000 (2392 cases) question: H7,H7b (A) Children (including stepchildren) (B) Parents (parents-in-law) (C) Grandparents (grandparents-in-law) (D) Grandchildren (E) Siblings (including in-laws) (F) Friends C1347 (A) TO WHOM GIVE SUPPORT OR GIFTS. C1348 (B) This variable indicates the persons to whom respondent (or C1349 (C) his/her family) gave such gifts. No missing values. C1350 (D) C1351 (E) 1. gave gifts to this type of individual (305/60/3/51/40/25 C1352 (F) cases) 5. did not give gifts to this type of individual (125/370/427/379/390/405 cases) 0. INAP, did not give gifts/support totaling $3,000 to anyone (2392/2392/2392/2392/2392/2392 cases) question:H7a C1353 OTHER PERSONS FROM WHOM RECEIVE SUPPORT OR GIFTS. Other persons not mentioned above from whom respondent (or someone in the household) received support or gifts. No missing values. 2. neice/nephew; godchild (20 cases) 3. ex-spouse or ex-partner (11 cases) 4. aunt/uncle (4 cases) 6. cousin (6 cases) 7. other relatives; in-laws (3 cases) 8. other friends/beneficiaries (3 cases) -6. no other persons (383 cases) 0. INAP (2392 cases) question: H7a. C1354 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CHARITY. Respondent was asked if he/she (or their family) had made contributions totaling $300 or more to educational, religious, medical or community organizations, national or international relief organizations, or any other charitable group over the previous three years. This variable indicates the amount of such contributions. No missing values. xxxxxxx. dollars (300 to 3,000,000) 0. did not make contributions totaling more than $300 dollars (992 cases) question: H11,H11a Other Expenses C1355 AMOUNT OF OTHER EXPENSES. Respondent was asked if he/she (or the respondent's family) had incurred any unusually large expenses (other than those mentioned above), such as marriages or a lawsuit, during the previous three years. This variable indicates the total amount of such expenses. No missing values. xxxxxxx. dollars (125 to 1,500,000) 0. no unusually large expenses (2336 cases) question: H13,H13b C1356 (#1) WHAT WAS EXPENSE FOR? C1357 (#2) Information on up to three unusually large expenses was C1358 (#3) sought. No missing values. 1. child's marriage (122/3/2 cases) 2. other wedding expenses (including own) (39/2/1 cases) 3. funeral/burial expenses (14/4/0 cases) 4. birthday, graduation, other "special occasion" (13/2/0 cases) 11. divorce (16/3/0 cases) 12. lawsuit; legal expenses (79/12/0 cases) 21. medical expenses (other than those listed in the medical expense section) (72/10/2 cases) 22. auto and auto repair (14/6/0 cases) 23. moving expenses (8/4/0 cases) 24. in an accident -- NA if expenses were medical, auto or other (1/1/0 cases) 25. furs/jewelry/luxury apparel (2/1/0 cases) 26. home appliances (1/0/0 cases) 27. recreational items (1/0/1 cases) 29. veterinary expenses (3/0/0 cases) 31. down payment on home (9/0/0 cases) 32. additions and repairs to home (18/3/1 cases) 41. vacation; travel (16/4/1 cases) 42. financial aid/gifts to family or friends (other than those listed in the financial support section) (13/8/0 cases) 43. transportation expenses (0/1/0 cases) 51. educational expenses (other than those listed in the educational expenses section) (21/2/2 cases) 52. investments; real estate (except own home) (10/2/2 cases) 53. bankruptcy of business; going out of business; personal bankruptcy (3/0/0 cases) 54. investment in business equipment (1/1/0 cases) 55. other business/financial loss (2/1/0 cases) 60. taxes (4/0/0 cases) 70. losses due to theft, fire, or natural disaster (2/0/0 cases) 91. repay state welfare/emergency funds (1/0/0 cases) 92. repay debt for others (1/0/0 cases) 0. INAP, no expenses or not that many expense items (2336/2752/2810 cases) question: H13a Gifts of Time C1359 GIFT OF TIME HELPING RELATIVES OR FRIENDS. Respondent was asked if he/she (or someone in family) had spent a total of 150 unpaid hours or more helping relatives or friends with an emergency, child or elderly care, or other household chores during the previous three years. No missing values. 1. yes (1121 cases) 5. no (1701 cases) question: H10 C1360 GIFT OF TIME TO CHARITY. Respondent was asked if he/she (or someone in the family) had volunteered a total of 150 unpaid hours or more to a charitable organization during the previous three years. No missing values. 1. yes (719 cases) 5. no (2103 cases) question: H12 Total Reported Expenses C1361 TOTAL EXPENSES REPORTED AS PART OF THE SURVEY. The sum of auto, home improvement and major durable, health, college, private and parochial school, gifts to friends/relatives, and gifts to charity during the previous three years (C1319 + C1320 + C1321 + C1336 + C1345 + C1346 + C1354). No missing values. xxxxxxx. dollars (12 to 4,516,000) 0. none (376 cases) BALANCE SHEET DATA Financial Assets C1401 (1986) STOCKS AND MUTUAL FUNDS. C1402 (1983) Household total holdings of publicly traded stock, including stock in mutual funds, but excluding money market or IRA accounts. C1402 is equal to B3462 - B34. All missing values were imputed using a log-linear regression with a random term added. xxxxxxxx. dollars (5 to 52,850,000) 0. none (2006/1999 cases) question: G7,G7a C1403 (1986) BONDS. C1404 (1983) Household total holdings of bonds including savings bonds, municipal, corporate, and all other bonds. C1404 is equal to B3458 + B3463 + B3457. All missing values were imputed using a log-linear regression with a random term added. xxxxxxxx. dollars (10 to 14,000,000) 0. none (2018/1900 cases) question: G6,G6a C1405 (1986) CHECKING AND SAVINGS ACCOUNTS. C1406 (1983) Household total holdings of checking, statement savings, passbook, share draft, and other savings accounts. C1406 is equal to B3402 + B3434. All missing values were imputed using a log-linear regression with a random term added. xxxxxxx. dollars (1 to 1,107,672) 0. none (185/206 cases) question: G4,G4a C1407 (1986) IRA AND KEOGH ACCOUNTS. C1408 (1983) Household total holdings of Individual Retirement (IRA) and Keogh Accounts. C1408 is equal to B3446. All missing values were imputed using a log-linear regression with a random term added. xxxxxxx. dollars (6 to 3,000,000) 0. none (1815/2081 cases) question: G2,G2a C1409 (1986) MONEY MARKET ACCOUNTS AND CDS. C1410 (1983) Household total holdings of money market accounts and certificates of deposit (CDs). C1410 is equal to B3453 + B3418. All missing values were imputed using a log-linear regression with a random term added. xxxxxxxx. dollars (8 to 20,000,000) 0. none (1790/1755 cases) question: G3,G3a C1411 (1986) PROFIT SHARING AND THRIFT ACCOUNTS. C1412 (1983) Household total holdings of employer-sponsored profit sharing, thrift and other savings plans. C1412 is equal to B3306. All missing values were imputed using a log-linear regression with a random term added. xxxxxxx. dollars (5 to 3,000,000) -6. have thrift account but can't withdraw funds (14/33 cases) 0. none (2282/2368 cases) question: G5,G5a C1413 (1986) DOLLAR CASH VALUE OF WHOLE LIFE INSURANCE. C1414 (1983) This is a constructed variable since life insurance questions were asked in 1983, but not in 1986. The 1986 variable was imputed as described below. First the 1983 data was used to fit three functions: a linear probability model for ownership of whole life insurance; a linear probability model for positive cash value given life insurance; and a log-linear model for the cash value assuming it had positive value. These models, using predictions based on 1986 household characteristics, were used to impute (with randomization) new cash value for those households without life insurance (or cash value) in 1983 or those with new spouses. Allocation rules for those households which possessed life insurance in 1983 and lost a spouse (widows and divorces) between 1983 and 1986 were also based on the prediction function. For the remainder of 1983 households with life insurance, the predicted change in their value, based on the change in their characteristics from 1983 to 1986, was used. The overall totals were slightly adjusted so that the growth in sample holdings of life insurance matched the Flow-of-Funds account estimates of the growth in life insurance reserves between 1983 and 1986. C1414 is equal to B3475. xxxxxxx. dollars (3 to 1,500,000) -6. have whole life, but no cash value (217/232 cases) 0. none (1417/1457 cases) C1415 (1986) OTHER FINANCIAL ASSETS. C1416 (1983) Household total holdings of all other financial assets including trusts, managed investment accounts, notes and land contracts owed to the household. C1416 is equal to B3477 + B3601 + B3470. All missing values were imputed using a log-linear regression with a random term added. xxxxxxxx. dollars (20 to 36,322,530) 0. none (2531/2430 cases) question: G8,G8a Real Assets C1512 (1986) CURRENT VALUE OF HOME. C1513 (1983) Current market value of the household's principal residence (if it were sold today). C1513 is equal to B3708. All missing values were imputed. The imputation was done by extrapolation from the purchase price or first mortgage value, or by regression for log-value with a random term added. The extrapolation was based on the purchase price and date and regional housing price indices appropriate to the location of the household. xxxxxxxx. dollars (100 to 5,000,000) 0. none (621/746 cases) question: E6 C1417 (1986) GROSS VALUE OF OTHER PROPERTIES. C1418 (1983) Total real estate holdings owned by the household, not including the primary residence (gross market value). C1418 is equal to B3801. All missing values were imputed using a log-linear regression with a random term added. xxxxxxx. dollars (200 to 30,000,000) 0. none (2006/2067 cases) question: F1,F1a C1419 (1986) BUSINESS ASSETS. C1420 (1983) Household net holdings of privately-held businesses, farms, professional practices or partnerships. This is the net market value of the household's interest. Discretion should be taken in working with the 1986 business value. In answering all asset questions, respondent was asked to report assets "he/she had not already mentioned." Unfortunately this created problems for some self-employed respondents who had reported their job details earlier in the interview. Some of these respondents assumed that he/she had "already mentioned" the business associated with the job and did not report it in the asset section. Extensive efforts were taken to look for margin notes and other indications of a business. It was assumed that respondents who worked at the same self-employed job in 1983 and 1986 and who owned the business in 1983, still controlled the business. After these corrections were made for the presence of a business, the imputation of the 1986 business value was done by the same method as for businesses whose ownership was acknowledged in 1986 without giving a specific value. These imputations were made using log-linear regressions with random terms added. Despite these corrections, this variable is among the least reliable of the 1986 numbers. C1420 is equal to B3501 + B3502. xxxxxxxxx. dollars (-20,000 to 100,000,000) -6. have business, but worthless (7/6 cases) 0. none (2240/2174 cases) question: G9,G9a C1421 (1986) GROSS MARKET VALUE OF VEHICLES. C1422 (1983) This is a constructed variable for 1986 since only questions about the total price of vehicles purchased, not about current auto value, were asked. The automobile value was imputed as follows. First, the 1986 value of each household's 1983 vehicles was estimated from the July 1986 National Association of Automobile Dealers (NADA) "blue book" value (the make and model year of each vehicle was collected in 1983). Second, the 1983 data was used to fit linear probability models to predict the number of automobiles households would own. These functions were used to predict changes in the number of automobiles for those households going through marital change, with changes assigned randomly based on the function. Third, external pricing data and a model based upon the value of automobiles owned, was used to estimate the number of vehicles purchased (households reported only the total amount spent on vehicle purchases between 1983 and 1986). Fourth, the timing of new vehicle purchases was estimated by drawing randomly from the distribution of aggregate car and truck sales in each price range. This distribution was adjusted if the household had bought a car just prior to the 1983 interview. Purchase timing was estimated jointly with the timing of auto loans (if any), with constraints imposed on allowable loan-to-value ratios based on the prevailing loan terms for each time period. These four pieces of information were used to determine the vehicle value in 1986. If a household was assumed to still possess an automobile owned in 1983, that vehicle's 1986 NADA value was used. Purchase values (divided into individual vehicles based on the estimated number of purchases) were depreciated to 1986 values using NADA depreciation schedules for cars of that price range and the estimated timing of purchase. Households likely to be adding cars (though new marriages) were assigned value estimates for these cars based on the 1983 predictive model. C1422 is equal to B3902. xxxxxx. dollars (68 to 114,999) 0. none (297/293 cases) Debts C1525 (1986) HOUSE MORTGAGE TOTAL. C1526 (1983) The sum of first and second mortgage loans on household's primary residence (C1528 + C1543); the total amount outstanding. C1526 is equal to B4001. No missing values. xxxxxxx. dollars (95 to 1,786,740) 0. none (1519/1580 cases) C1423 (1986) AGGREGATE AMOUNT OUTSTANDING ON OTHER C1424 (1983) PROPERTY MORTGAGES. Respondents reported the amount outstanding on mortgages against 1986 properties other than their primary residence only for mortgages without regular payments. Otherwise, respondents only reported the payment size and frequency. The amount outstanding was estimated from the payment size in the following way. In many instances, the property value and payment size could be used to infer that the property was also owned in 1983. The outstanding value of the mortgage could then be easily computed from the loan terms reported in 1983 (when more detail was given). If it was deemed to be a new property (or addition) then the timing of the mortgage was drawn randomly over the three-year interval from 1983 to 1986, and maturity and interest rates assigned based on prevailing rates at that time. The timing draw was constrained by allowable loan-to-value ratios. The imputed interest rate, time of loan, and maturity was then sufficient to impute an amount outstanding at the time of the 1986 survey. C1424 is equal to B3802 + B3602. xxxxxxx. dollars (94 to 9,681,146) 0. none (2450/2436 cases) question: F1d C1425 (1986) AGGREGATE PAYMENTS ON OTHER PROPERTY MORTGAGES. This is the reported aggregate payment amounts for mortgages against other properties held by the household. The payment frequency is reported in C1426. All missing values were imputed from 1983 data and log-linear regressions with random terms added. xxxxxxx. dollars (20 to 1,000,000) -6. no regular payments (22 cases) 0. INAP, no mortgage (2450 cases) question: F1c C1426 (1986) FREQUENCY OF PAYMENTS OF MORTGAGES ON OTHER PROPERTIES. All missing values imputed. 2. quarterly (1 case) 5. monthly (318 cases) 6. annually (31 cases) 8. no regular payments (22 cases) 0. INAP (2450 cases) question: F1c C1427 (1986) CREDIT CARD DEBT. C1428 (1983) The total balance still owed, after the last payments were made, on all the household's credit cards. C1428 is equal to B4102 (with the -6 added). All missing values were imputed using a log-linear regression with a random term added. xxxxx. dollars (4 to 20,000) -6. no outstanding balance, but have credit cards (922/1012 cases) 0. none, own no credit cards (702/732 cases) question: F4,F4a (A) Loans for additions and repairs to home (B) Automobile, truck, and vehicle loans (C) Furniture, appliance, recreation, or hobby loans (D) Other loans with regular payments, including travel, medical, education, personal borrowing, or investments. C1429 (1986,A) REGULAR LOAN PAYMENTS. C1432 (1986,B) Respondents reported the payment size of loans for the four C1435 (1986,C) purposes (A)-(D) above. If there were multiple loans within C1438 (1986,D) a category respondents were asked to aggregate. The frequency of the payment is given in C1430 etc. All missing values were imputed based upon l983 values, purchase information (with loan-to-value restrictions) and, in some instances, using log- linear regressions with random terms added. xxxxxx. dollars (5 to 600,000) 0. INAP, no loans of that type (2696/2179/2621/2436 cases) question: F7a,F7b,F7c,F7d C1430 (1986,A) LOAN PAYMENT FREQUENCY. C1433 (1986,B) This is the frequency of the loan payments reported in C1436 (1986,C) C1429, C1432, C1435, and C1438. No missing values. C1439 (1986,D) 1. quarterly (0/0/0/1 cases) 3. weekly (1/7/1/4 cases) 4. bi-weekly (1/5/1/4 cases) 5. monthly (123/628/199/360 cases) 6. annually (6/3/0/17 cases) 0. INAP (2696/2179/2621/2436 cases) question: F7a,F7b,F7c,F7d C1431 (1986,A) OUTSTANDING LOAN BALANCE. C1434 (1986,B) This is a constructed variable, as respondents were only C1437 (1986,C) asked for the payment size, not the amount outstanding for C1440 (1986,D) 1986 loans. Imputations were made in the same way as described above for the outstanding balances on other property mortgages. Balances for loans deemed to be still outstanding from 1983 were determined from the 1983 data. The timing of new loans was imputed randomly, and terms of the loan inferred from prevailing terms for loans of that type at that time. These imputations were subject to loan-to-value constraints on auto and home improvement loans imposed by reported purchase amounts. Auto loan timing was done simultaneously with the imputation of vehicle values. Given the terms and timing of the loans, the amount outstanding could be derived easily. xxxxxxx. dollars (39 to 2,314,719) 0. INAP, no loans of that type (2696/2172/2621/2436 cases) C1441 (1986) PROBLEMS PAYING LOANS? Respondent's answer to the question: "Now thinking of all the various types of debt with regular payments,were all payments made when scheduled over the past year, or were payments on any of the loans ever made later or missed?" Asked of all respondents with regular payment loans. 1. all paid as scheduled or sooner (748 cases) 5. made later or missed payments (241 cases) -8. DK (5 cases) -9. NA (91 cases) 0. INAP, not asked (1737 cases) question: F8 C1442 (1983) AMOUNT OUTSTANDING ON REGULAR PAYMENT CONSUMER LOANS. This variable is a 1983 estimate comparable to the sum of C1431 + C1434 + C1437 + C1440 in 1986. C1442 is equal to B4202. No missing values. xxxxxx. dollars (14 to 403,325) 0. none (1618 cases) C1443 (1986) TOTAL NON-REGULAR PAYMENT DEBT C1444 (1983) OUTSTANDING. The total amount outstanding of non-installment consumer debt. This variable excludes mortgages mentioned previously. In 1986, respondents were asked for separate category totals. Prompts were given for life insurance loans, debts to some other person, banks, employer, margin account, or loans used to purchase their home (other than mortgages). Life insurance loans were asked for, but are purged in net worth calculations. Thus, some efforts were made to remove such loans from the 1986 number (if they could be identified). Imputations were made from outstanding 1983 loans, and in some instances from log-linear regressions with random terms added. C1444 is equal to B4203 + B4125. B4125 is loans against open- ended lines of credit. Uncertainty whether 1986 respondents would term these "regular payment" loans or not (or even if they would report them) causes problems in identifying such loans. This is thought to be the most likely match. xxxxxx. dollars (5 to 7,116,000) 0. none (2563/2143 cases) question: F9,F9a Net Worth and Balance Sheet Totals C1445 (1986) TOTAL PAPER ASSETS. C1446 (1983) The sum of stocks and mutual funds, bonds, checking and savings accounts, IRA and Keogh accounts, money market accounts and CDs, profit sharing and thrift accounts, cash value of life insurance, and other financial assets. C1445 is equal to C1401 + C1403 + C1405 + C1407 + C1409 + C1411 + C1413 + C1415. C1446 is equal to C1402 + C1404 + C1406 + C1408 + C1410 + C1412 +C1414 + C1416. C1446 is equivalent to B3303. No missing values. xxxxxxxx. dollars (1 to 58,108,644) 0. none (137/151 cases) C1447 (1986) TOTAL REAL ASSETS. C1448 (1983) The sum of the current market value of the home, other properties, businesses, and vehicles. C1447 is equal to C1512 + C1417 + C1419 + C1421. C1446 is equal to C1513 + C1418 + C1420 + C1422. No missing values. xxxxxxxx. dollars (68 to 83,021,472) 0. none (147/161 cases) C1449 (1986) TOTAL ASSETS. C1450 (1983) The sum of paper and real assets (C1445 + C1447 or C1446 + C1448). C1450 is equivalent to B3305. No missing values. xxxxxxxx. dollars (1 to 86,857,424) 0. none (44/49 cases) C1451 (1986) TOTAL REAL ESTATE DEBT. C1452 (1983) The sum of mortgages on the principal residence and on other properties (C1525 + C1423 or C1526 + C1424). C1452 is equivalent to B3318. No missing values. xxxxxxx. dollars (95 to 9,681,146) 0. none (1383/1449 cases) C1453 (1986) TOTAL OTHER DEBT. C1454 (1983) The sum of credit card debt, consumer debt, and other debt (C1427 + C1431 + C1434 + C1437 + C1440 + C1443 or C1428 + C1442 + C1444). No missing values. xxxxxxxx. dollars (4 to 7,118,508) 0. none (1117/1015 cases) C1455 (1986) TOTAL DEBT. C1456 (1983) The sum of real estate and other debt (C1451 + C1453 or C1452 + C1454). C1456 is equivalent to B3320. No missing values. xxxxxxxx. dollars (4 to 10,792,929) 0. none (719/698 cases) C1457 (1986) NET WORTH (EXCLUDING PENSIONS). C1458 (1983) Total assets minus total debts (C1449 - C1455 or C1450 - C1456). C1458 is equivalent to B3324. No missing values. xxxxxxxx. dollars (-196,900 to 112,196,733) 0. none (34/33 cases) C1459 (1986) CODED VARIABLE FOR NET WORTH. A variable computed from total net worth (C1457). The equivalent 1983 variable is B3325. 1. less than zero (162 cases) 2. $0-4,999 (178 cases) 3. $5,000-9,999 (210 cases) 4. $10,000-24,999 (249 cases) 5. $25,000-49,999 (282 cases) 6. $50,000-99,999 (247 cases) 7. $100,000-249,999 (295 cases) 8. $250,000-500,000 (287 cases) 9. $500,000-1,000,000 (294 cases) 10. $1,000,000 and more (618 cases) C1460 (1986) CODED VARIABLE FOR NET WORTH BY DECILES. This variable computed from total net worth (C1457). Each category represents 10 percent of the weighted survey households (by Cxxxx). The weighted median net worth was $xx,xxx. The 2 percent upper and lower bounds are -$x,xxx and $xxx,xxx respectively. The 1 percent upper and lower bounds are -$x,xxx and $x,xxx,xxx. The comparable 1983 variable is B3326. 1. less than $301 (375 cases) 2. $301-2,600 (363 cases) 3. $2,601-8,880 (375 cases) 4. $8,881-20,219 (368 cases) 5. $20,220-34,268 (372 cases) 6. $34,269-51,044 (374 cases) 7. $51,045-76,002 (377 cases) 8. $76,003-114,649 (374 cases) 9. $114,650-215,425 (363 cases) 10. $215,426 or more (762 cases) Savings C1461 NOMINAL SAVINGS 1983 TO 1986. This variable is computed as the household's change in wealth from 1983 to 1986. For most households this is C1457 - C1458. If divorce split a household between 1983 and 1986 and the 1986 respondent did not remarry, then savings is C1457 - C1458/2. If a respondent, single in 1983, married before the 1986 interview, then savings is C1457 - 2 * C1458. For respondents widowed over this period, their savings were adjusted by their deceased spouse's bequests to non-household members (C1287 and C1288). Widows remarrying were assumed to marry someone possessing wealth equal to one-half the widow's 1983 household wealth. No missing values. xxxxxxxx. dollars (-32,811,444 to 35,320,915) 0. none (xxxx/xxxx cases) C1462 REAL SAVINGS 1983 TO 1986. This variable is the same as C1461 except that 1983 wealth is inflated to 1986 dollars by the change in the Consumer Price Index between the two interview dates (C1217). The average inflation rate over the survey interval was 11.2 percent. No missing values. xxxxxxxx. dollars (-38,564,656 to 32,279,291) 0. none (19 cases) HOUSING AND HOME MORTGAGES Residential/Moving Information C1501 (1986) RESIDENTIAL OWNERSHIP CODE. C1502 (1983) This variable was asked directly of respondent. Ownership by a relative was sometimes inferred. C1501 is respondent's status as of the 1986 survey; C1502 was their status as of the 1983 survey. C1502 will be the same as B3702 except for new information on ownership be parents or other relatives. No missing values. 1. owned by respondent or spouse, buying, or land contract (2165/2061 cases) 2. owned by parent of respondent or spouse (25/14 cases) 3. owned by other relative of respondent or spouse (11/1 cases) 4. pays rent (577/697 cases) 5. neither owns nor rents -- live-in servant, housekeeper, gardener, farm laborer, other for whom housing is part of compensation (janitor, nurse) (17/19 cases) 6. neither owns nor rents -- house is a gift paid for by someone outside household, household pays only taxes (22/28 cases) 7. neither owns nor rents -- has sold home, but has not yet moved (1/0 case) 8. neither owns nor rents -- living in house which household will inherit, estate in process (1/0 case) 9. neither owns nor rents -- living in temporary quarters (garage or shed) while home is under construction (0/1 case) 10. living in public housing with no rent (or other special arrangement) (2/1 cases) 11. truck driver living on the road (1/0 cases) question: E1,E3 C1503 DID RESPONDENT MOVE? Answer to question: have you (respondent) moved since spring 1983? Respondent's original answer. 1. yes, have moved (723 cases) 5. no, includes moving but moving back to the same location as lived in in 1983 (2090 cases) -9. NA (7 cases) question: E4,E7 C1504 DID RESPONDENT MOVE RECODE? Answer to question: have you (respondent) moved since spring of 1983? Recoded and corrected answer. This variable reflects corrections to the answer given by the respondent in C1503, following a match of their 1983 and 1986 addresses. No missing values. 1. yes, moved (738 cases) 2. yes, moved to a home that family already owned (17 cases) 3. yes, moved mobile home to a new location (5 cases) 4. no, but has bought/in process of buying home that rented before (13 cases) 5. no (2035 cases) 6. no, but interview conducted at second home (6 cases) 7. no, now renting home that family owned previously, 99 year or lifetime lease (3 case) 8. no, home given to respondent (5 cases) C1505 TYPE OF MOVE. Given only if respondent moved between 1983 and 1986. Determined from addresses. No missing values. 1. move within same county (428 cases) 2. move within same SMSA, but different county (39 cases) 3. move within same state, but different SMSA and county (121 cases) 4. move to different state, but same region (65 cases) 5. move to different Census region (48 cases) -9. high-income sample mover (59 cases) 0. INAP, no move (2062 cases) C1506 AMOUNT OF RENT PER MONTH. Answered for all households who rent their current residence (C1501 = 4). All missing values were imputed. Imputations were done with a regression for log-rent with a random term added. xxxx. dollars (14 to 3,500) 0. INAP, do not rent (2245 cases) question: E2 Disposition of 1983 Home C1507 DISPOSITION OF 1983 HOME. Given only if respondent owned a home in 1983. No missing values. 1. still own and live in house in 1986 (1,759 cases) 2. still own home. but family no longer lives there; now listed under "other property" (36 cases) 3. home sold between 1983 and 1986 (232 cases) 4. home taken by 1983 spouse as part of divorce settlement (34 cases) 5. home owned by other relative in 1983 and respondent (and spouse) moved out (5 cases) 6. home given to someone else (1 cases) 7. home willed to someone else as part of estate of deceased spouse (2 cases) 8. mobile home has been moved, land was sold (5 cases) 9. home lost via other means (2 cases) 0. INAP, did not own a home in 1983 (746 cases) C1508 HOME SOLD BETWEEN 1983 AND 1986? Asked directly of all respondents who moved. Generally only those answering C1507 = 3 will say yes here. Some other respondents sold a home which was not their 1983 residence. No missing values. 1. yes, sold home which was principal residence in 1983 (233 cases) 2. yes, sold other home (6 cases) 3. no, relatives owned household's 1983 residence (5 cases) 5. no (521 cases) 0. INAP, did not move (2057 cases) question: E5,E10 C1509 SELLING PRICE OF HOME. Answered only if a home was sold (C1508 = 1 or 2). This is the gross selling price of that home. Missing values imputed using a log-linear regression. xxxxxx. dollars (1,000 to 2,000,000) -6. gave home away (1 case) 0. INAP, did not sell a home (2583 cases) question: E5a,E10a Current Home C1510 ACQUISITION OF 1986 HOME. A constructed variable. No missing values. 1. same home as 1983 -- owned and lived in both years (1759 cases) 2. new purchase between 1983 and 1986 (355 cases) 3. renting same home in 1983 and now purchased/gift -- did not move (18 cases) 4. home owned by new spouse or formerly separated spouse (19 cases) 5. home owned by other relative with whom respondent now lives (28 cases) 6. home was owned by respondent in 1983 and listed under other property (18 cases) 7. home is a mobile home that was moved to newly acquired land (4 cases) 0. INAP, did not own a home in 1986 (621 cases) C1511 TYPE OF STRUCTURE IN WHICH HOUSEHOLD LIVES. All missing values imputed. The question was asked directly of those respondents moving to a new home. For nonmovers the 1983 variable (B3703) was used. Unlike 1983, this question was only asked of owners. 1. trailer; mobile home (126 cases) 2. detached, single family house (1906 cases) 3. duplex (42 cases) 4. co-op (3 cases) 5. apartment or condominium (74 cases) 6. townhouse (33 cases) 7. other (5 cases) 0. INAP, did not own a home in 1986 (623 cases) question: E7a. C1512 (1986) CURRENT VALUE OF HOME. C1513 (1983) C1512 is answered only if the home is owned (or household is now buying). (C1501 = 1, 2 or 3.) C1513 is given for all 1983 homeowners, and is equal to B3708. All missing values were imputed. The imputation was done by extrapolation from the purchase price or first mortgage value, or by regression for log-value with a random term added. The extrapolation was based on the purchase price and date and regional housing price indices appropriate for the location of the household. xxxxxxx. dollars (100 to 5,000,000) 0. INAP, do not/did not own residence (621/746 cases) question: E6 C1514 NET EQUITY IN HOME EXCLUDING SECOND MORTGAGE. The current value of the home minus the amount outstanding on the first mortgage (C1512 - C1526). This variable can be negative. No missing values. xxxxxxx. dollars (-25,084 to 3,789,871) -6. none (1 case) 0. INAP (621 cases) C1515 NET EQUITY IN HOME. The current value of the home minus the amount outstanding on the first and second mortgage (C1512 - C1526 - C1542). This variable can be negative. No missing values. xxxxxxx. dollars (-25,084 to 3,000,000) -6. none (1 case) 0. INAP (621 cases) Purchase Information C1516 MONTH HOME PURCHASED. Answered only if the home is owned (or buying). All missing values were imputed. If the home is owned by a relative of respondent or by a spouse who purchased it prior to marriage, this variable is the month that the relative (or new spouse bought the property). If the home was owned in 1983 (C1510 = 1) then the purchase date and price information are taken from the 1983 survey. xx. month (1 to 12) -6. household inherited home and no date given (47 cases) 0. INAP (621 cases) question: E8 C1517 YEAR HOME PURCHASED. All missing values were imputed. xxxx. year (1922 to 1986) -6. household inherited home and no date given (47 cases) 0. INAP (621 cases) question: E8 C1518 PURCHASE PRICE OF HOME. All missing values were imputed. Imputations were done extrapolating backward from current value using regional price indices or from the original amount borrowed on a mortgage. xxxxxxx. dollars (100 to 1,800,000) -6. household inherited home (50 cases) 0. INAP (621 cases) question: E9 C1519 HOME APPRECIATION. This variable measures the purchase price of the home as a fraction of the current price (100 times C1518/C1512). If the purchase price were one-half the current value, for example, then C1519 would equal 50. No missing values. xxxxx. percentage times 10 (3 to 40,000) -6. household inherited home (50 cases) 0. INAP (621 cases) C1520 AVERAGE APPRECIATION. This variable measures the average existing (single family) home purchase prices in the quarter that the respondent bought his/her home as a fraction of the average existing home purchase price at the time of the survey. The National Association of Realtors publishes these national average prices xxxxx, going as far back as 1963. These data only go back to 1963. If prevailing prices at the time of the survey equal those when the home was purchased, then C1520 would equal 100. xxxx. percentage times 10 (229 to 1004) -6. household inherited home (50 cases) -9. household purchased home prior to 1963 (434 cases) 0. INAP (621 cases) C1521 AVERAGE REGIONAL APPRECIATION. This variable is identical to C1520 except that an annual index for each of the four census-defined regions of the country are used rather than a quarterly national index. For high-income sample respondents C1521 will equal C1520. xxxx. percentage times 10 (163 to 1004) -6. household inherited home (50 cases) -9. household purchased home prior to 1963 (434 cases) 0. INAP (621 cases) C1522 HOME APPRECIATION 1983 TO 1986. This variable measures the 1983 value of the home as a fraction of the current price (100 times C1513/C1512). It is answered only if respondent owned the same home in both years (C1510 = 1). No missing values. xxxx. percentage times 10 (67 to 10,667) -9. did not own this home in 1983 (442 cases) 0. INAP (621 cases) C1523 AVERAGE APPRECIATION 1983 TO 1986. This variable measures the average existing home (single family) purchase prices at time of the respondent's 1983 interview as a fraction of the average existing home purchase price at the time of the 1986 survey. These figures are national averages as published by the National Association of Realtors. Response only if respondent owned the same home in both years (C1510 = 1). No missing values. xxxx. percentage times 10 (883 to 915) -9. did not own this home in 1983 (442 cases) 0. INAP (621 cases) C1524 AVERAGE REGIONAL APPRECIATION 1983 TO 1986. This variable is identical to C1523 except that an annual index for each of the four census-defined regions of the country is used rather than a quarterly national index. For high-income sample respondents, C1524 will equal C1523. xxxx. percentage times 10 (682 to 959) -9. did not own this home in 1983 (442 cases) 0. INAP (621 cases) Mortgage Summaries (A) First mortgage loan (B) Second mortgage loan If the household owns its residence (or is currently buying), data are given for up to two mortgages (or land contracts) against the property. The "first" mortgage is self-defined by the respondent and may not be a legal first mortgage. Land contracts will be listed as first mortgages. Second mortgages are also self-defined. If respondent purchased the home or refinanced the mortgage(s) since 1983, then he/she gave loan details as part of the 1986 survey. If it was an older mortgage then the respondent gave only the payments, and other details of the loan had to be taken from the 1983 survey. Variables B4001-B4038 give 1983 information corresponding to this section. C1525 (1986) HOUSE MORTGAGE TOTAL. C1526 (1983) The sum of first and second mortgage loans on household's primary residence (C1528 + C1543). No missing values. xxxxxxx. dollars (95 to 1,786,740) 0. none (1519/1580 cases) Individual Mortgage Totals C1527 (A) ORIGIN OF MORTGAGE. C1542 (B) A constructed variable. This indicates what the mortgage was listed as in the 1983 survey or where it came from. No missing values. 1. mortgage listed as first mortgage in 1983 (801/0 cases) 2. mortgage listed as second mortgage in 1983 (1/37 cases) 3. mortgage listed as other housing loan (first) in 1983 (5/2 cases) 4. mortgage listed as home improvement loan (first) in 1983 (3/3 cases) 5. mortgage listed as other property mortgage (first in 1983) (7/0 cases) 6. new mortgage or home newly acquired by respondent (364/82 cases) 7. refinancing of 1983 first mortgage (117/0 cases) 8. refinancing of 1983 second mortgage (0/22 cases) 9. refinancing of 1983 other housing loan (1/2 cases) 10. mortgage assumed from former owner (4/0 cases) 0. INAP, do not have mortgage on home or do not own home (1519/2674 cases) C1528 (A) AMOUNT OUTSTANDING ON MORTGAGE. C1543 (B) The variable is directly answered if the mortgage does not have regular payments. Otherwise it is calculated based on the date the mortgage was taken out, the payment frequency, the number of original payments, the payment size (PAYMENT), balloon size (BALLOON), and the interest rate (INTEREST). For a monthly payment mortgage, for example, the formula would be: VALUE=PAYMENT*((1-1/(1+INTEREST/12)**PAYLEFT) / (INTEREST/12)) + BALLOON/((1+INTEREST)**PAYLEFT), where PAYLEFT is the number of payments left. No missing values. xxxxxxx. dollars (113 to l,560,000) 0. INAP, do not have a mortgage (1519/2674 cases) question: E14a,E17a,E21 Date of Mortgage C1529 (A) MONTH MORTGAGE TAKEN OUT OR REFINANCED. C1544 (B) All missing values were imputed. xx. month (1 to 12) 0. INAP (1519/2674 cases) question: E18 C1530 (A) YEAR MORTGAGE TAKEN OUT OR REFINANCED. C1545 (B) All missing values were imputed. xxxx. year (1957 to 1986) 0. INAP (1519/2674 cases) question: E18 C1531 (A) MONTH MORTGAGE DUE. C1546 (B) This variable is calculated from the date the mortgage was taken out, the payment frequency, and the number of original payments. If the calculated due date is before the survey date, the month due is coded as -9. xx. month (1 to 12) -9. NA, due prior to current date for regular payment mortgages (10/6 cases) 0. INAP (1519/2674 cases) C1532 (A) YEAR MORTGAGE DUE. C1547 (B) This variable is calculated from the date the mortgage was taken out, the payment frequency, and the number of original payments. If the calculated due date is before the survey date, the year due is coded as -9. xxxx. year (1986 to 2018) -9. NA, due prior to current date for regular payment mortgages (10/6 cases) 0. INAP (1519/2674 cases) C1533 (A) ORIGINAL MATURITY IN MONTHS. C1548 (B) Calculated from the date that the mortgage was taken out and the date the mortgage is due. When added to the date the loan was taken out, this should equal the due date, except for loans past due. No missing values for regular payment mortgages. xxx. months (12 to 480) -9. NA (10/6 cases) 0. INAP (1519/2674 cases) Amount Borrowed on Mortgage C1534 (A) AMOUNT BORROWED. C1549 (B) All missing values were imputed. Imputations were made from purchase price information using regionally adjusted loan-to- value ratios. For second mortgages, imputations were derived from a regression of the ratio of second mortgages-to-home value with a random term added. xxxxxxx. dollars (1000 to 1,560,000) 0. INAP (1519/2674 cases) question: E19 Payments/interest C1535 (A) SIZE OF EACH PAYMENT. C1550 (B) The amount of each payment excluding taxes and insurance. Answered only if the mortgage has regular payments (C1536 or C1551 equals 5 or 6). All missing values were imputed. Payments were adjusted to exclude taxes and insurance components. For mortgages with all other terms known, the payment could be derived if it was missing. xxxxxx. dollars (25 to 176,280) -6. no regular payment (11/6 cases) 0. INAP (1519/2674 cases) question: E14,E17,E20 C1536 (A) FREQUENCY OF PAYMENTS. C1551 (B) All missing values were imputed. 5. monthly (1274/138 cases) 6. yearly (18/4 cases) 8. no regular payments (11/6 cases) 0. INAP (1519/2674 cases) question: E14,E17,E20 C1537 (A) ORIGINAL NUMBER OF PAYMENTS. C1552 (B) All missing values were imputed. xxx. number (5 to 480) 0. no regular payments, INAP (1530/2680 cases) question: E22 C1538 (A) NUMBER OF PAYMENTS LEFT. C1553 (B) Calculated from original number of payments, the date the mortgage was taken out, and the current date. If the mortgage was determined to be overdue, the number of payments left was imputed. xxx. number (1 to 387) 0. no regular payments, INAP (1530/2680 cases) C1539 (A) AMOUNT OF BALLOON PAYMENT. C1554 (B) All missing values were imputed. Only given for loans existing in 1983. xxxxxxxx. dollars (100 to 1,560,000) 0. none, no regular payment, INAP (2815/2820 cases) C1540 (A) ANNUAL RATE OF INTEREST. C1555 (B) Answered directly for all mortgages without regular payments. If the mortgage has regular payments and all payment terms were given, the interest rate was solved for from the implied repayment pattern. In cases where this was inconsistent with the interest rate given by respondent, the solved-for rate was generally used. If the interest rate as well as other payment terms were missing, the average conventional mortgage rate, as reported in the Federal Reserve Bulletin for the date of the mortgage (month and year), was assigned. Yearly averages for these terms were: 1971=7.6%, 1972=7.45%, 1973=7.78%, 1974=8.71%, 1975=8.75%, 1976=8.76%, 1977=8.80%, 1978=9.30% 1979=10.48%, 1980=12.12%, 1981=14.16%, 1982=14.47%, 1983=12.20%, 1984=11.87%, 1985=11.12%, 1986=9.82% xxx. percentage rate times 10 (10 to 260) -6. zero (1/0 cases) 0. INAP (1519/2674 cases) question: E23 C1541 (A) VARIABLE INTEREST RATE. Asked only of the first mortgage. Respondent's answer to the question: "Does this mortgage have an interest rate that can rise or fall from time to time depending on some other interest rate or index?" Missing values were not imputed. If the mortgage was not a first mortgage in 1983, but is some other loan, this variable will be coded NA. 1. yes (144 cases) 5. no (1079 cases) -8. DK (3 cases) -9. NA (77 cases) 0. INAP, no mortgage (1519 cases) question: E24 RESPONDENT & SPOUSE DEMOGRAPHIC DATA (R) 1986 Survey Respondent (S) Spouse Demographic data are given for the household respondent and spouse (if married). The 1983/1986 tape is sorted by "respondent" and "spouse" rather than "head" and "spouse" which was used for the 1983 data (following past convention, the head is arbitrarily assigned to the husband for married couples). Couples "living together" or in common-law marriage are counted as married. Most data is given only for spouses living in the household. However, marital history information is given for separated spouses as well. Age and Sex C1601 (H) MONTH OF BIRTH. C1701 (S) All missing values were imputed. Taken from the 1986 survey only for new spouses, otherwise from 1983. xx. month (1 to 12) 0. INAP, no spouse (0/915 cases) question: D18 C1602 (H) YEAR OF BIRTH. C1702 (S) All missing values were imputed. Imputations were made using the age reported on the interviewer coding sheet, education and job data, and children and spouse's age. xxxx. year (1890 to 1968) 0. INAP (0/915 cases) question: D18 C1603 (R) AGE BY DATE OF BIRTH AT LAST BIRTHDAY. C1703 (S) All missing values were imputed. This variable was calculated from the month and year of birth. xx. years (17 to 95) 0. INAP (0/915 cases) C1604 (R) AGE AT LAST BIRTHDAY AS REPORTED ON INTERVIEWER C1704 (S) CODING SHEET. This age may differ from that calculated from the reported date of birth (C1603 or C1703). C1604 is the same as C1140 and C1704 is the same as C1143 (if married). All missing values were imputed. Imputations were done using 1983 age or date of birth, job history, children and spouse's age, and education. xx. years (17 to 96) 0. INAP (0/915 cases) question: K1c C1605 (R) SEX. C1705 (S) No missing values. 1. male (1390/810 cases) 2. female (1432/1097 cases) 0. INAP (0/915 cases) question: K1b Marital History C1125 (1986) MARITAL STATUS OF RESPONDENT. C1126 (1983) No missing values. 1. legally married (1884/1894 cases) 2. separated (77/88 cases) 3. divorced (320/276 cases) 4. widowed (315/258 cases) 5. never married (203/242 cases) 6. partner or common-law spouse in the household listing, but treated as married. Marital data is given as though married (21/64 cases) 7. partner, same as code 6. However, the partner is the same as the previous spouse (1983 survey). Couple is legally divided separated. Their current arrangement is treated as a new marriage (2/0 cases) question: A2 C1201 SPOUSAL CHANGE 1983 TO 1986. This variable indicates the presence of a spouse (or partner) in the 1983 and 1986 household listings and whether it is the same spouse. No missing values. 1. spouse in 1983, no spouse in 1986 (182 cases) 2. no spouse in 1983, spouse in 1986 (131 cases) 3. spouse in 1983 and 1986 -- same person (1748 cases) 4. spouse in 1983 and 1986 -- different person (28 cases) 5. no spouse/partner in either 1983 or 1986 (733 cases) C1202 SPOUSAL CHANGE 1983 TO 1986 -- DETAILED. This variable indicates changes in marital status from 1983 to 1986, including separation of married couples (or of partners). This variable does not account for the presence of a spouse in a household if the couple is separated. No missing values. 1. no spouse in 1983 or 1986 (widowed/single/divorced in both years), no intervening marriages (659 cases) 2. same as code 1, but with an intervening marriage (4 cases) 3. spouse in 1983 (married/separated/partner) and no spouse in 1986 (widowed/single/divorced) (175 cases) 4. same person as spouse in 1983 and 1986 (married/separated/partner in both years) (1833 cases) 5. no spouse in 1983 (widowed/single/divorced) and spouse in 1986 (married/separated/partner) (112 cases) 6. different person as spouse in 1983 and 1986 (married/separated/partner in both years but to different people) (39 cases) C1606 (R) TOTAL NUMBER OF MARRIAGES (INCLUDING CURRENT C1706 (S) MARRIAGE). No missing values. Given for separated spouses. Those living in common-law or partnership relationships are treated as married. 1. one (2060/1603 cases) 2. two (475/329 cases) 3. three (69/44 cases) 4. four or more (15/8 cases) -6. none (never married) (203/0) cases 0. INAP, no spouse (including separated) (0/838 cases) question: A6/A10 C1607 (R) EVER DIVORCED? C1707 (S) Was respondent (or spouse) ever divorced? Determined from current marital status or marital history. Given for separated spouses. No missing values. 1. yes (716/336 cases) 5. no (2106/1648 cases) 0. INAP, no spouse (including separated) (0/838 cases) C1608 (R) EVER WIDOWED? C1708 (S) Was respondent (or spouse) ever widowed? Determined from current marital status or marital history. Given for separated spouses. No missing values. 1. yes (322/53 cases) 5. no (2418/1931 cases) 0. INAP, no spouse (including separated) (0/838 cases) C1609 (R) AGE AT FIRST MARRIAGE. C1709 (S) Calculated age (by birthdate) when first married. No missing values. xx. years (10 to 75) -9. separated spouse, age not known (0/77 cases) 0. INAP, no spouse, (including separated), never married, (203/838 cases) question: A6/A10 C1610 (R,last) STATUS OF MARRIAGE. C1710 (S,last) These variables give the status of each of the respondent and C1615 (R,prev) spouse's current and previous marriages. The marriages C1715 (S,prev) are listed in reverse chronological order starting with the C1620 (R,2nd) current marriage (or last marriage if separated, divorced, or C1720 (S,2nd) widowed). Current marriage is termed "last." The previous C1625 (R,1st) marriage is designated "prev"; the one before that, "2nd"; and C1725 (S,1st) the first marriage, "1st." This variable indicates how the marriage ended or gives its current status. No missing values. Given for separated spouses. 1. marriage is current (1907/1907/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) 2. separated (77/77/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) 3. ended in divorce (320/0/453/332/75/48/14/7 cases) 4. widowed (315/0/106/49/9/4/1/1 cases) 0. INAP, not that many marriages or no spouse (203/838/ 2263/2441/2738/2770/2807/2814 cases) question: A2,A6c/A10c C1611 (R,last) MONTH MARRIAGE BEGAN. C1711 (S,last) These variables give the month that each of the respondent's C1616 (R,prev) and spouse's (including separated) marriages began. No C1716 (S,prev) missing values. C1621 (R,2nd) C1721 (S,2nd) xx. month (1 to 12) C1626 (R,1st) 0. INAP, not that many marriages or no spouse (203/838/ C1726 (S,1st) 2263/2441/2738/2770/2807/2814 cases) question: A4,A6a/A10a C1612 (R,last) YEAR MARRIAGE BEGAN. C1712 (S,last) These variables give the year that each of the respondent's or C1617 (R,prev) spouse's (including separated) marriages began. No C1717 (S,prev) missing values. C1622 (R,2nd) C1722 (S,2nd) xxxx. year (1914 to 1986) C1627 (R,1st) 0. INAP, not that many marriages or no spouse C1727 (S,1st) (203/838/2263/2441/2738/2770/2807/2814 cases) question: A4,A6a/A10a C1613 (R,last) MONTH MARRIAGE ENDED. C1713 (S,last) These variables give the month that each of the respondent's C1618 (R,prev) or spouse's (including separated) previous marriages ended. C1718 (S,prev) No missing values. C1623 (R,2nd) C1723 (S,2nd) xx. month (1 to 12) C1628 (R,1st) -6. marriage is still current (1907/1907/0/0/0/0/0/0 cases) C1728 (S,1st) 0. INAP, not that many marriages or no spouse (203/838/ 2263/2441/2738/2770/2807/2814 cases) question: A3,A6b/A10b C1614 (R,last) YEAR MARRIAGE ENDED. C1714 (S,last) These variables give the year that each of the respondent's or C1619 (R,prev) spouse's (including separated) previous marriages ended. C1719 (S,prev) No missing values. C1624 (R,2nd) C1724 (S,2nd) xxxx. year (1918 to 1986) C1629 (R,1st) -6. marriage is still current (1907/1907/0/0/0/0/0/0 C1729 (S,1st) cases) 0. INAP, not that many marriages or no spouse (203/838/2263/2441/2738/2770/2807/2814 cases) question: A3,A6b/A10b Education, Health, Parents C1630 (R) YEARS OF EDUCATION. C1730 (S) This variable was asked in 1986 only of new spouses. For others it was taken from 1983. All missing values were imputed using age at first job or child, military service, occupation, and education of spouse. xx. highest grade finished (1 to 17) -6. none (9/3) 0. INAP, no spouse (0/915 cases) question: D17 C1631 (R) GRADUATED FROM HIGH SCHOOL C1731 (S) (OR EQUIVALENCY TEST)? C1731 (S) Asked only of new spouses. All others from 1983. No missing values. 1. yes (2248/1545 cases) 5. no (574/1494 cases) 0. INAP (0/915 cases) question: D17a C1632 (R) GRADUATED FROM COLLEGE? C1732 (S) Includes some junior college graduates, who will generally have only 14 or 15 years of education. Asked only of new spouses. All others from 1983. No missing values. 1. yes (867/? cases) 5. no (1955/? cases) 0. INAP (0/915 cases) question: D17b C1633 (R) SERVED IN MILITARY? C1733 (S) Asked only of new spouses. All others from 1983. No missing values. 1. yes (732/413 cases) 5. no (2090/1494 cases) 0. INAP (0/915 cases) question: D19 C1634 (R) HEALTH. C1734 (S) Health as self-reported. Asked only of new spouses. All others from 1983. No missing values. Care should be exercised in using this variable since it will be dated in 1986 (except for new spouses). 1. excellent (1247/914 cases) 2. good (1074/737 cases) 3. fair (367/191 cases) 4. poor (134/71 cases) 0. INAP (0/915 cases) question: D20 C1635 (R) AGE OF MOTHER. C1735 (S) All missing values imputed. Given for separated spouses. xx. years (37 to 97) -6. mother dead (1296/843 cases) 0. INAP, no spouse (including separated) (0/838 cases) C1636 (R) AGE OF FATHER. C1736 (S) All missing values imputed. Given for separated spouses. xx. years (39 to 96) -6. father dead (1787/1215 cases) 0. INAP, no spouse (including separated) (0/838 cases) Current Job Status C1637 (R) JOB STATUS AT THE TIME OF THE INTERVIEW. C1737 (S) All missing values were imputed. 11. working more than 20 hours a week (1547/979 cases) 12. working 20 hours per week or less (127/123 cases) 13. retired, work more than 20 hours a week (48/8 cases) 14. student, work more than 20 hours a week (26/9 cases) 15. housewife, work more than 20 hours a week (20/13 cases) 16. unemployed, work more than 20 hours a week (3/4 cases) 21. laid off, no return (13/10 cases) 30. unemployed, worked before (78/36 cases) 32. unemployed, work 20 hours per week or less (8/1 cases) 50. retired, not working (581/256 cases) 51. retired, work 20 hours per week or less (53/14 cases) 70. student, not working (17/11 cases) 72. student, work 20 hours per week or less (8/4 cases) 80. housewife, not working (257/409 cases) 81. housewife, work 20 hours per week or less (36/30 cases) 0. INAP (0/915 cases) question: B1,B1c/C1,C1c,D1,D1c C1638 (R) JOB STATUS RECODE. C1738 (S) 1. working full-time, more than 20 hours per week (1644/1013 cases) 2. working part-time, 20 hours per week or less (232/172 cases) 4. unemployed (91/46 cases) 5. retired, not working (581/256 cases) 6. student, not working (17/11 cases) 7. housewife, not working (257/409 cases) 0. INAP (0/915 cases) C1639 (R) NUMBER OF MONTHS WORKING OUT OF PREVIOUS 36 C1739 (S) MONTHS. Asked directly of most respondents. Not asked of new spouses who were working at the time of the interview or of any respondents (or spouses) working at the same job at the time of the 1986 interview as at the 1983 interview. xx. months (1 to 36) -6. none (661/527 cases) 0. INAP (0/915 cases) question: B1g,B2a,B4a,B4c/C1g,C2a,C4a,C4c,D1g Job History C1640 (R) NUMBER OF FULL-TIME JOBS HELD MORE THAN ONE YEAR. C1740 (S) Asked directly only of new spouses. Extrapolated from 1983 values and from new job information for all others. No missing values. xx. jobs (1 to 31) -6. none (181/162) INAP (0/915 cases) question: D12 C1641 (R) EXPECT TO WORK FULLTIME IN THE FUTURE? C1741 (S) Asked directly only of new spouses. Otherwise taken from modified 1983 answer. Given only of those who have never had a full-time job (C1640 or C1740 = 0). Imputed in some instances when the individual was beyond normal working age. 1. yes (21/6 cases) 5. no (133/145 cases) -8. DK (7/1 cases) -9. NA (19/6 cases) 0. has worked full-time, INAP (2628/2652 cases) question: R50a/S50a C1642 (R) AGE OF FIRST FULL-TIME JOB. C1742 (S) Asked directly only of new spouses. Otherwise taken from modified 1983 answer. Answered only if had held a full-time job (C1640 or C1740 > 0). No missing values. xx. years (11 to 69) 0. never had a full-time job, INAP (180/1076 cases) question: D14 C1643 (R) NUMBER OF YEARS WORKING FULL-TIME JOBS. C1743 (S) Asked directly only of new spouses. Otherwise taken from modified 1983 answer. Answered only if had a full-time job (C1640 or C1740 > 0). No missing values. xx. years (1 to 61) 0. never had a fulltime job, INAP (184/1082 cases) question: D15 C1644 (R) NUMBER OF YEARS SINCE FIRST JOB THAT NOT WORKING C1744 (S) FULLTIME. A calculated variable, computed by subtracting age at first job and number of years working full time jobs from current age. No missing values. xx. years (1 to 73) 0. none, INAP (2572/2155 cases) Retirement Ages C1645 (R) EXPECT TO WORK IN FUTURE? C1745 (S) Asked only of respondents (and spouses) who were not currently working at the time of the 1986 interview. Missing values not imputed. 1. yes (211/102 cases) 5. no (721/602 cases) -8. DK (5/3 cases) -9. NA (8/4 cases) 0. INAP working at 1986 interview, no spouse (1877/2111 cases) question: B1d/C1d,D1d C1646 (R) NUMBER OF MONTHS BEFORE EXPECT TO BEGIN WORKING C1746 (S) FOR PAY. Answered only if not currently working and expect to work in the future (C1645 or C1745 = 1). Missing values not imputed. xxx. months (1 to 240) -6. as soon as possible (2/1 cases) -8. DK (45/20 cases) -9. NA (9/8 cases) 0. INAP, do not expect to go back to work (2611/2720) question: B1e/C1e,D1e C1647 (R) REPORTED AGE DID/EXPECT TO RETIRE FROM FULL-TIME C1747 (S) WORK. Asked directly only of new spouses. Otherwise taken from modified 1983 answer. Answered only if had a fulltime job (C1640 or C1740 > 0). As reported by respondent. xx. years (18 to 90) -6. never worked full-time job (181/185 cases) -7. never stop (287/125 cases) -8. DK (119/81 cases) -9. NA (52/62 cases) 0. INAP (0/915 cases) question: D16 C1648 (R) AGE DID/EXPECT TO RETIRE FROM FULLTIME WORK. C1748 (S) Most missing values were imputed for observations where respondent or spouse is over age 39 (otherwise the same as C1647 or C1747). Imputed (and corrected) for some individuals who had already retired between 1983 and 1986. xx. years (17 to 90) -6. never worked fulltime job (98/292 cases) -7. never stop (275/118 cases) -8. DK (104/76 cases) -9. NA (341/264 cases) 0. INAP (0/915 cases) C1649 (R) REPORTED AGE DID/EXPECT TO RETIRE FROM ALL WORK. C1749 (S) Asked directly only of new spouses. Otherwise taken from modified 1983 answer. Answer given by respondent. xx. years (17 to 90) -6. never worked any job (93/121 cases) -7. never stop (641/267 cases) -8. DK (187/139 cases) -9. NA (83/68 cases) 0. INAP (0/915 cases) question: D16a C1650 (R) AGE DID/EXPECT TO RETIRE FROM ALL WORK. C1750 (S) Most missing values were imputed for observations where respondent or spouse is over age 39 (otherwise the same as C1649 or C1749). Imputed (and corrected) for some individuals who had already retired between 1983 and 1986. xx. years (17 to 90) -6. never worked any job (64/87 cases) -7. never stop (671/266 cases) -8. DK (97/86 cases) -9. NA (170/143 cases) 0. INAP (0/915 cases) CURRENT JOB (R) 1986 Household respondent (S) Spouse Information is given for the current job if the respondent or spouse is working or temporarily laid off from his/her job. Detailed job data (other than wages and pension information) was asked only of those respondents (and spouses) who were working at a different job than in 1983. In a surprising number of cases, the respondent's 1986 statement of his/her 1983 working status was inconsistent with the answer he/she gave in 1983. This necessitated a fairly substantial number of imputations of job data for people who, in 1986, said they working the same job as in 1983, but had not been recorded as working at that earlier date. Occupation/Industry C1801 (H) THREE-DIGIT 1970 CENSUS OF POPULATION OCCUPATION C1901 (S) CODE. Coded from questionnaires by SRC. All missing values were imputed. xxx. see table A1 for codes (1 to 984) 0. INAP, not working (945/1656 cases) question: B9,B9a,B9b/C9,C9a,C9b,D3,D3a,D3b C1802 (R) SINGLE-DIGIT 1970 OCCUPATION RECODE. C1902 (S) Recoded from C1801/C1901. No missing values. 1. professional, technical, and kindred workers (three-digit codes 1- 195) (423/246 cases) 2. managers and administrators (except farm) (three-digit codes 201-245 and not self-employed) (351/156 cases) 3. self-employed managers (three-digit codes 201-245 and self-employed) (107/63 cases) 4. sales, clerical, and kindred workers (three-digit codes 260-285 or 301-395) (379/247 cases) 5. craftsmen, protective service, and kindred workers (three-digit codes 401-580, 961, or 963-965) (202/147 cases) 6. operatives, laborers, and service workers (three-digit codes 601-785, 821-824, 901-960, 962 or 980-984) (378/285 cases) 7. farmers and farm managers (three-digit codes 801-802) (32/7 cases) 8. members of armed services (three-digit codes 996-998, 600, or 580) (5/5 cases) 0. INAP (945/1656 cases) C1803 (R) THREE-DIGIT 1980 CENSUS OF POPULATION OCCUPATION C1903 (S) CODE. Computed using a program which maps from 1970 codes (C1801 or C1901) to 1980 codes. xxx. see table A2 for codes (5 to 900) 0. INAP (945/1656 cases) C1804 (R) DETAILED 1980 CENSUS OF POPULATION OCCUPATION C1904 (S) RECODE. Census-defined "detailed" occupation groups. Used by the CPS. xx. see table A3 for codes (1 to 51) 0. INAP (945/1656 cases) C1805 (R) MAJOR 1980 CENSUS OF POPULATION OCCUPATION C1905 (S) RECODE. Census-defined "major" occupation groups. Used by the CPS. 1. executive, administrative & managerial (three-digit codes 3-37) (451/206 cases) 2. professional specialty occupations (three-digit codes 43-199) (355/205 cases) 3. technicians & related support occupations (three-digit codes 203-235) (58/31 cases) 4. sales occupations (three-digit codes 243-285) (163/90 cases) 5. administrative support, including clerical (three-digit codes 303-389) (263/184 cases) 6. private household (three-digit codes 403-407) (35/18 cases) 7. protective services (three-digit codes 413-427, 900) (32/26 cases) 8. service, except private household and protective (three-digit codes 433-469) (112/66 cases) 9. farming, forestry and fishing (three-digit codes 473-499) (45/33 cases) 10. precision production, craft and repair occupations (three-digit codes 503-699) (184/124 cases) 11. machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors (three-digit codes 703-799) (111/78 cases) 12. transportation and material-moving occupations (three-digit codes 803-859) (59/67 cases) 13. handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers (three-digit codes 863-889) (29/38 cases) 0. INAP (945/1656 cases) C1806 (R) THREE-DIGIT 1970 CENSUS OF POPULATION INDUSTRY C1906 (S) CODE. Coded from questionnaires by SRC. xxx. see table A4 for codes (17 to 937) 0. INAP (945/1656 cases) question: B9c/C9c,D3c C1807 (R) THREE-DIGIT 1980 CENSUS OF POPULATION INDUSTRY C1907 (S) CODE. Computed using a program which maps from 1970 codes (C1806 or C1906) to 1980 codes. xxx. see table A5 for codes (10 to 900) 0. INAP (945/1656 cases) C1808 (R) DETAILED 1980 CENSUS OF POPULATION INDUSTRY C1908 (S) RECODE. Census-defined "detailed" industry codes. Used by the CPS. xx. see table A6 for codes (1 to 46) 0. INAP (945/1656 cases) C1809 (R) MAJOR 1980 CENSUS OF POPULATION INDUSTRY RECODE. C1909 (S) Census-defined "major" industry groups. Used by the CPS. 1. agriculture, forestry, and fisheries (three-digit codes 10-31) (56/30 cases) 2. mining (three-digit codes 40-50) (22/7 cases) 3. construction (three-digit code 60) (88/88 cases) 4. durable goods (three-digit codes 230-392) (254/129 cases) 5. non-durable goods (three-digit codes 100-222) (136/103 cases) 6. transport, communications, and other public utilities (three-digit codes 400-472) (104/85 cases) 7. wholesale trade (three-digit codes 500-571) (64/46 cases) 8. retail trade (three-digit codes 580-691) (205/157 cases) 9. finance, insurance, and real estate (three-digit codes 700-712) (184/66 cases) 10. business and repair services (three-digit codes 721-760) (109/59 cases) 11. personal services, including private households (three-digit codes 761-791) (64/33 cases) 12. entertainment and recreation services (three-digit codes 800-802) (20/10 cases) 13. professional and related services (three-digit codes 812-892) (459/294 cases) 14. public administration (three-digit codes 900-932) (112/59 cases) 0. INAP (945/1656 cases) C1810 (R) TYPE OF EMPLOYER. C1910 (S) All missing values were imputed. 1. federal government (57/32 cases) 2. state/local government (130/73 cases) 3. school/college (141/98 cases) 4. military (6/5 cases) 5. employed by private sector (1225/761 cases) 6. self-employed (318/197 cases) 0. INAP (945/1656 cases) question: B3,B4b,B8/C3,C4b,C8,D2 Last Worked on Job/Number of Years on Job C1811 (R) MONTH LAST WORKED. C1911 (S) Information on last-worked is given only if respondent (or spouse) is temporarily laid off from his/her job and intends to return (C1636 or C1736 equals 20 or 22). All missing values were imputed. xx. month (3 to 10) -6. currently working (1865/1159 cases) 0. INAP (945/1655 cases) question: B1b/C1b,D1b C1812 (R) YEAR LAST WORKED. C1912 (S) All missing values were imputed. 1984. (0/1 case) 1985. (2/1 cases) 1986. (10/6 cases) -6. currently working (1865/1159 cases) 0. INAP (945/1655 cases) question: B1b/C1b,D1b C1813 (R) MONTH FIRST WORKED FOR EMPLOYER. C1913 (S) Asked directly of anyone starting a new job since 1983. Inferred approximately by number of years working for those working the same job in 1986 and in 1983. All missing values were imputed. xx. month (1 to 12) 0. INAP (945/1656 cases) question: B10/C10,D4 C1814 (R) YEAR FIRST WORKED FOR EMPLOYER. C1914 (S) Asked directly of anyone starting a job since 1983. Inferred by number of years working for those working the same job in 1983 and 1986. All missing values were imputed. xxxx. year (1926 to 1986) 0. INAP (945/1656 cases) question: B10/C10,D4 C1815 (R) NUMBER OF YEARS SPENT WORKING FOR EMPLOYER. C1915 (S) A calculated variable based on the date that respondent or spouse started working for current employer. No missing values. xx. years (1 to 60) 0. INAP (945/1656 cases) Job Terms/Wages C1816 (R) AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK WORKED. C1916 (S) Asked directly of all starting a job since 1983. The value reported in 1983 was used in most instances for those working the same job in 1986 as in 1983. All missing values were imputed. xx. hours (1 to 95) 0. INAP (945/1656 cases) question: B12/C12,D6 C1817 (R) AVERAGE WEEKS PER YEAR WORKED. C1917 (S) Asked directly of all starting a job since 1983. The value reported in 1983 was used in most instances for those working the same job in 1986 as in 1983. All missing values were imputed. xx. weeks (1 to 52) 0. INAP (945/1656 cases) question: B11/C11,D5 C1818 (R) ANNUAL INCOME. C1918 (S) If reported wages were given for periods of less than one year, they were converted to an annual wage. For the area probability sample, all missing values were imputed by matching the March 1986 CPS average log-wages for persons of same sex, race, age, and three-digit occupation and then adding a random error term. Imputations were done on a per-hour wage basis and adjusted for hours-per-week and weeks-per-year. For the high-income sample, imputations were made using occupation/age tables constructed from those high-income observations with relatively complete data. After matching, random terms were added during imputation. xxxxxxx. dollars (-8000 to 4,000,000) -6. none (12/5 cases) 0. INAP (945/1656 cases) question: B5,B13/C5,C13,D7 C1819 (R) WEEKLY INCOME. C1919 (S) Computed from annual income (C1818 or C1918), adjusted to a weekly wage by reported weeks-per-year (C1817 or C1917). All missing values were imputed as above. xxxxx. dollars (-8000 to 83,333) -6. none (12/6 cases) 0. INAP (945/1236 cases) Pension Coverage C1820 (R) 401K PLAN. C1920 (S) Does respondent (or spouse) participate in 401K or some other tax-deferred salary reduction plan sponsored by employer? All missing values imputed. 1. yes (419/191 cases) 5. no (1457/955 cases) 0. INAP (945/1626 cases) question: B6,B14/C6,C14,D8 C1821 (R) OTHER PENSION. C1921 (S) Is respondent (or spouse) covered by any other pension or retirement plan sponsored by employer (other than Social Security)? All missing values imputed. 1. yes (902/526 cases) 5. no (969/630 cases) 0. INAP (945/1626 cases) question: B7,B15/C7,C15,D9 Calculated Relative Real Wage Growth Variables Using the March 1986 CPS survey data, log-wage (annual income) was regressed against a constant, age, max(0,age-35), max(0,age-55), dummies for level of education (high school graduate, some college, college graduate, and post baccalaureate study -- less than high school graduate is the omitted category), and dummies for non-white, self-employment, and less than 20 hours per week of work. Separate regressions were run for males and females. The regressions were also run separately for each 1980 three-digit occupation code. This yields within-occupation expected annual real wage growth rates (abstracting from economy-wide productivity growth) for three different age spans, controlling for race and sex. Predicted values from the regression also yield the average full-time annual income by three-digit occupation code controlling for age, sex, and race. C1822 (R) WAGE GROWTH SLOPE FOR UNDER 35 YEARS. C1922 (S) xxx. slope times 10000 (-38 to 116) 0. zero or INAP (1184/2795 cases) C1823 (R) WAGE GROWTH SLOPE FOR AGES 36 TO 55. C1923 (S) xxx. slope times 10000 (-43 to 19) 0. zero or INAP (1353/2866 cases) C1824 (R) WAGE GROWTH SLOPE FOR AGES OVER 55. C1924 (S) xxxx. slope times 10000 (-117 to 60) 0. INAP (1226/2838 cases) C1825 (R) INTERCEPT FOR OCCUPATION FROM CPS REGRESSION. C1925 (S) This variable is the sum of the occupation-specific constant term plus the dummy variable terms evaluated at the values given for the particular observation. xxxx. intercept times 1000 (-513 to 3,709) 0. INAP (945/1626 cases) C1826 (R) STANDARD ERROR FOR OCCUPATION FROM CPS C1926 (S) REGRESSION. C1926 (S) xxxx. standard error times 1000 (321 to 2,558) 0. INAP (945/1626 cases) C1827 (R) ANNUAL EXPECTED INCOME CREATED FROM CPS C1927 (S) REGRESSION. The variable is for a full-time worker. xxxxx. dollars (773 to 108,744) 0. INAP (945/1626 cases) Occupation Code Employment Data C1828 (R) PERCENTAGE OF WEEKS WORKED IN 1985 BY OCCUPATION C1928 (S) CODE. The average percentage of yearly weeks worked (out of a maximum of 52) for persons of the same 1980 Census three-digit occupation code (C1803 or C1903) as the respondent (or spouse). These data are calculated from the March 1986 CPS data file. No missing values. xxxx. percentage times 100 (4,999 to 9,785) 0. INAP (945/1626 cases) C1829 (R) PERCENTAGE OF HOURS WORKED IN 1985 BY OCCUPATION C1929 (S) CODE. The average percentage of yearly hours worked (out of a maximum of 2080) for persons of the same 1980 Census three-digit occupation code (C1803 or C1903) as the respondent (or spouse). These data are calculated from the March 1986 CPS data file. No missing values. xxxx. percentage times 100 (3,113 to 9,785) 0. INAP (945/1626 cases) C1830 (R) PERCENTAGE OF PERSONS IN OCCUPATION UNEMPLOYED C1930 (S) IN 1985. The percentage of persons in the same 1980 Census three-digit occupation code (C1803 or C1903) as the respondent (or spouse) that received unemployment or workman's compensation in 1985. These data are calculated from the March 1986 CPS data file. No missing values. xxxx. percentage times 100 (212 to 4,943) 0. INAP (945/1626 cases) 1983 JOB AND PENSION DATA (R) 1986 Household Respondent (S) Spouse 1983 Job Status C1851 (R) JOB CHANGE. C1951 (S) This recode indicates the change in respondent (or spouse's) job status between 1983 and 1986. This variable is based on answers given in 1983 and 1986, not on respondent's recall in 1986. No missing valves. 1. working in 1983, but not in 1986 (247/184 cases) 2. working in 1983, different job in 1986 (382/215 cases) 3. working the same job in 1983 and 1986 (1278/706 cases) 4. laid off in 1983 (job information given), returned to job, not working in 1986 (2/4 cases) 5. laid off in 1983 (job information given), returned to job, different job in 1986 (11/2 cases) 6. laid off in 1983 (job information given), returned to job, working there in 1986 (15/12 cases) 7. laid off in 1983 (job information given), did not return to job, not working 1986 (1/0 cases) 8. laid off in 1983 (job information given) did not return to job, different job in 1986 (6/2 cases) 9. not working in 1983, working 1986 (185/111 cases) 10. not working in either 1983 or 1986 (695/512 cases) 11. new spouse, working in 1986 (0/118 cases) 12. new spouse, not working in 1986 (0/41 cases) 0. INAP, no spouse (0/915 cases) C1852 (R) 1983 JOB STATUS. C1952 (S) This is a retrospective variable. Respondent was asked: "Were you working when we talked to you last in 1983?" This is the uncorrected answer of respondent. In many instances, answers were inconsistent with information recorded during the actual 1983 interview. This is particularly true for seasonal jobs or when respondent left or started a job in 1983. 1. working in 1983 (1962/1126 cases) 5. not working in 1983 (846/608 cases) -7. new spouse (0/159 cases) -9. NA (14/14 cases) 0. INAP (0/915 cases) Leaving 1983 Job C1853 (R) MONTH LAST WORKED. C1953 (S) Information on last-worked is given only if respondent (or his/her spouse) worked in 1983 and has now left the 1983 job (C1851 or C1951 equals 1, 2, 4, or 5). All missing values were imputed. xx. month (1 to 12) 0. INAP, did not leave 1983 job or no spouse (2180/2447 cases) question: B17/C17 C1854 (R) YEAR LAST WORKED. C1954 (S) All missing values were imputed. 1983. (256/153 cased) 1984. (174/81 cases) 1985. (143/87 cases) 1986. (69/54 cases) 0. INAP (2180/2447 cases) question: B17/C17 C1855 (R) ANNUAL EARNINGS WHEN LEFT. C1955 (S) The gross amount respondent (or his/her spouse) was earning when he/she left his/her 1983 job. The variable has been converted to annual earnings. This is given only if C1851 or C1951 equals 1, 2, 4 or 5. No missing values. xxxxxx. dollars (-12,504 to 800,000) 0. INAP (2179/2447 cases) question: B18/C18 C1856 (R) REASON FOR LEAVING. C1956 (S) The reason given for leaving the 1983 job. All missing values imputed. 1. retired (112/53 cases) 2. disabled (21/11 cases) 3. quit (241/154 cases) 4. laid off (51/34 cases) 5. temporary or seasonal job (55/41 cases) 6. firm closed (48/30 cases) 7. fired (17/1 cases) 8. transferred (4/4 cases) 9. respondent (family) moved (3/2 cases) 10. took leave (including health; pregnancy (7/8 cases) 11. self employed, changed work (83/37 cases) 0. INAP (2180/2447 cases) question: B19/C19 C1857 (R) REASON FOR RETIRING. C1957 (S) If respondent (or his/her spouse) retired (C1856 or C1956 equal 1) he/she was asked for the reason he/she retired. All missing values imputed. 1. required to retire (9/4 cases) 2. became disabled (4/0 cases) 3. voluntary retirement (99/49 cases) 0. INAP, did not retire (2710/2769 cases) question: B20/C20 C1858 (R) INCENTIVE TO RETIRE. C1958 (S) Answer to the question: "Did your employer offer you a bonus or any other financial incentive to retire when you did?" Given only for those retiring from their 1983 job (C1856 or C1956 equal 1). All missing values imputed. 1. yes (10/6 cases) 5. no (102/47 cases) 0. INAP (2710/2769 cases) question: B21/C21 C1859 (R) RETIREMENT HEALTH INSURANCE. C1959 (S) Answer to the question: "Has your employer provided any health insurance coverage during your retirement?" Answered only if C1856 or C1956 equals 1. All missing values imputed. 1. yes (53/20 cases 5. no (59/33 cases) 0. INAP (2710/2769) question: B22/C22 1983 Job Pension C1860 (R) 1983 JOB PENSION RECODE. C1960 (S) A recode variable indicating whether respondent (or his/he spouse) has (or will) receive pension benefits from his/her 1983 job. Answered only if he/she has left his/her 1983 job (C1851 or C1951 equals 1, 2, 4, or 5). No missing valves. 1. lump sum pension payment only (excludes severance pay) (57/23 cases) 2. monthly or annual benefit payments only (excludes Social Security). Includes future payments (89/56 cases) 3. lump sum and monthly (or annual) payments (21/5 cases) 4. no benefits (475/291 cases) 0. INAP (2180/2447 cases) question: B23,B24,B25/C23,C24,C25 C1861 (R) LUMP SUM PAYMENT. C1961 (S) The amount of lump sum payment received (or will receive in the near future). Answered only if C1860 or C1860 equals 1 or 3. All missing values imputed. xxxxxxx. dollars (85 to 2,600,000) 0. INAP, no lump sum (2744/2794 cases) question: B24a/C24a C1862 (R) MONTH PENSION START. C1962 (S) The month that regular monthly (or annual) pension benefits from the 1983 job began (or will begin). Answered only if C1860 or C1960 equals 2 or 3. All missing values imputed. xx. month (1 to 12) 0. INAP, no regular pension payments (2712/2761 cases) question: B25a/C25a C1863 (R) YEAR PENSION START. C1963 (S) The year that regular monthly or (annual) pension benefits from the 1983 job began (or will begin). All missing values imputed. xxxx. year (1982 to 2027) 0. INAP (2712/2761 cases) question: B25a/C25a C1864 (R) ANNUAL PENSION PAYMENT - 1983 JOB. C1964 (S) The annual amount of pension benefits respondent (or his/her spouse) receives (or will receive) from his/her 1983 job. All missing values imputed if the pension is currently being paid. Missing values for future pension payments were not imputed. xxxxxx. dollars (336 to 600,000) -8. DK (7/9 cases) -9. NA (7/4 cases) 0. INAP (2712/2761 cases) question: B25b/C25b 1983 Job Spousal Benefits C1865 (R) SPOUSAL BENEFITS - 1983 JOB. C1965 (S) All married respondents with regular payment pensions from their 1983 job were asked "If you were to die, would your spouse received regular benefit payments for the rest of his/her life, receive payments for a limited period of time, or would he/she receive no benefit payments from that pension plan?" Answered if C1860 or C1960 equals 2 or 3. Missing values were not imputed. 1. rest of life - percentage of R's pension (39/22 cases) 2. rest of life - annual dollar payment given (1/1 cases) 3. limited period of time (8/8 cases) 5. no benefits (including those cases where benefits would go to a previous spouse) (21/19 cases) -6. not married (29/0 cases) -8. DK (0/2 cases) -9. NA (12/9 cases) 0. INAP (2712/2761) question: B27/C27 C1866 (R) PERCENTAGE OF BENEFITS - 1983 JOB. C1966 (S) Answered only if C1865 or C1965 equals 1. This variable gives the benefit that respondent's spouse will receive for the rest of his/her life from respondent's 1983 pension if respondent were to die. The variable is expressed as a percent of respondent's benefit. Missing values not imputed. xxx. percentage (10 to 100) -8. DK (1/3 cases) -9. NA (1/0 cases) 0. INAP, no benefits (2783/2800 cases) question: B27a/C27a C1867 (R) DOLLAR SPOUSAL BENEFITS-1983 JOB. C1967 (S) The same as C1866 or C1866 except respondent gave the answer as annual dollar value. Answered if C1865 or C1965 equal 2. 3600. dollars (0/1 case) 4656. dollars (1/0 case) 0. INAP (2821/2821 cases) question: B27a/C27a C1868 (R) OPTION FOR SPOUSAL BENEFITS - 1983 JOB C1968 (S) Answer to the question: "Did your employer offer an option that would make regular benefit payments to surviving spouses for the rest of their lives?" Answered if C1865 or C1965 equals 3 or 5. Missing values not imputed. 1. yes (15/12 cases) 5. no (12/15 cases) -9. NA (2/0 cases) 0. INAP (2793/2795 cases) question: B27b/C27b C1869 (R) JOINT DECISION - 1983 JOB. C1969 (S) Answer to the question: "Was this a joint decision with your spouse not to have this option, or was it something you decided yourself?" Answered if C1868 or C1968 equals 1. No missing values. 1. joint decision (13/10 cases) 2. pension recipient made the decision by him/her self (2/2 cases) 0. INAP (2807/2810 cases) question: B27c/C27c Other Pension Benefits C1870 (R) PENSION BENEFITS. C1970 (S) Answer to the question: "Are you receiving any (other) benefit payments from an employer sponsored retirement or Pension plan, not including Social Security." This does not include benefits from jobs held in 1983 reported in C1860-C1869 or C1960-C1969. All benefits for new spouses will be reported here. No missing values. 1. yes (341/110 cases) 5. no benefits (2481/1797 cases) 0. INAP, no spouse (0/915 cases) question: B28/C28,D10 C1871 (R) PENSION AMOUNT. C1971 (S) The annual amount of all (other) pension benefits currently being received. Answered only if C1870 or C1970 equals 1. All missing values imputed using benefits reported in 1983 and log-linear regressions. xxxxxx. dollars (10 to 216,000) 0. INAP, no pension benefits (2481/2712 cases) question: B28a/C28a,D10a Other Pension Spousal Benefits C1872 (R) SPOUSAL BENEFITS. C1972 (S) Answer to the question: "If your were to die would you spouse receive regular benefit payments for the rest of (his/her) life from you (other) pension(s), receive benefits for a limited period of time, or would (he/she) receive no benefit payments from these pension(s)?" Answered if married and C1870 or C1970 equals 1. Missing vaues were not imputed. 1. rest of life - percentage or R's pension (114/38 cases) 2. rest of life - annual dollar payment given (7/4 cases) 3. limited period of time (20/12 cases) 5. no benefits (59/46 cases) -6. not married (115/0 cases) -8. DK (3/0 cases) -9. NA (23/0 cases) 0. INAP, no pension (2481/2712 cases) question: B30/C30,D11 C1873 (R) PERCENTAGE OF BENEFITS. C1973 (S) Answered only if C1872 or C1972 equals 1. This variable gives the benefits that respondent's spouse will receive for the rest of his/her life from respondent's (other) pensions should respondent die. The variable is expressed as a percent of respondent's benefit. Missing values not imputed. xxx. percentage (1 to 100) -8. DK (4/9 Cases) -9. NA (3/1 Cases) 0. INAP, no benefits (2708/2783 cases) question: B30a/C30a,D11a C1874 (R) DOLLAR SPOUSAL BENEFITS. C1974 (S) The same as C1873 or C1973 except respondent gave the answer as an annual dollar value. Answered if C1872 or C1972 equals 2. xxxx. dollars (300 to 7,200) 0. INAP (2815/2818 cases) question: B30a/C30a,D11a C1875 (R) OPTION FOR SPOUSAL BENEFITS. C1975 (S) Answer to the question: "Did your employer(s) offer an option that would make regular benefit payments to surviving spouses for the rest of their lives?" Answered if C1872 or C1972 equals 3 or 5. Missing values not imputed. 1. yes (36/25 cases) 5. no (42/22 cases) -8. DK (1/1 cases) 0. INAP (2743/2764 cases) question: B30b/C30b,D11b C1876 (R) JOINT DECISION. C1976 (S) Answer to the question: "Was this a joint decision with your spouse not to have this option, or was it something you decided yourself?" Answered if C1875 or C1975 equals 1. Missing values not imputed. 1. joint decision (26/15 cases) 2. pension recipient made the decision by him/herself (10/8 cases) -8. DK (0/2 cases) 0. INAP (2786/2797 cases) question: B30c/C30c,D11c