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Finance and Economics Discussion Series: Data for FEDS Paper 2013-03

Bank Liquidity Hoarding and the Financial Crisis: An Empirical Evaluation

Jose Berrospide

Figure 1: Disruption in Short-term Funding Markets and Bank Liquidity Hoarding

Date ABCP_Bn Unsecured CP_Financial
2005-01-05 710.7 585.6
2005-01-12 712.9 587.2
2005-01-19 704.6 595.3
2005-01-26 701.3 605.8
2005-02-02 704.8 585.0
2005-02-09 713.2 591.3
2005-02-16 711.0 592.7
2005-02-23 713.1 599.2
2005-03-02 714.3 588.3
2005-03-09 722.3 594.4
2005-03-16 720.2 597.5
2005-03-23 724.4 595.2
2005-03-30 719.2 594.3
2005-04-06 720.6 612.4
2005-04-13 720.4 618.4
2005-04-20 716.3 633.9
2005-04-27 712.5 642.3
2005-05-04 722.8 633.2
2005-05-11 731.1 637.5
2005-05-18 732.2 648.0
2005-05-25 733.2 649.6
2005-06-01 726.0 635.2
2005-06-08 738.9 629.2
2005-06-15 739.4 639.4
2005-06-22 740.9 646.6
2005-06-29 744.6 640.9
2005-07-06 750.4 603.5
2005-07-13 755.9 619.4
2005-07-20 752.9 617.0
2005-07-27 754.8 621.6
2005-08-03 763.3 636.8
2005-08-10 774.0 621.7
2005-08-17 774.5 629.8
2005-08-24 780.1 626.7
2005-08-31 780.2 629.1
2005-09-07 785.9 614.8
2005-09-14 790.8 624.7
2005-09-21 787.9 634.4
2005-09-28 792.1 638.2
2005-10-05 798.2 633.4
2005-10-12 804.0 626.9
2005-10-19 806.5 639.3
2005-10-26 812.6 643.5
2005-11-02 820.6 636.0
2005-11-09 834.1 638.2
2005-11-16 837.4 631.3
2005-11-23 837.1 644.9
2005-11-30 846.6 638.9
2005-12-07 863.4 635.8
2005-12-14 869.2 623.3
2005-12-21 891.1 646.3
2005-12-28 886.9 645.4
2006-01-04 881.2 645.4
2006-01-11 884.8 680.1
2006-01-18 875.5 676.2
2006-01-25 876.2 687.0
2006-02-01 886.5 668.4
2006-02-08 891.5 667.1
2006-02-15 891.8 653.4
2006-02-22 894.5 669.2
2006-03-01 901.0 669.6
2006-03-08 907.4 670.2
2006-03-15 908.6 686.7
2006-03-22 908.2 682.1
2006-03-29 911.1 668.8
2006-04-05 908.3 659.3
2006-04-12 916.6 670.9
2006-04-19 922.4 692.2
2006-04-26 927.6 715.6
2006-05-03 936.8 728.9
2006-05-10 946.9 730.3
2006-05-17 946.8 734.3
2006-05-24 947.2 730.5
2006-05-31 938.3 728.4
2006-06-07 954.2 719.3
2006-06-14 953.8 700.2
2006-06-21 956.6 702.1
2006-06-28 963.1 687.4
2006-07-05 959.8 665.6
2006-07-12 964.6 680.4
2006-07-19 964.4 677.5
2006-07-26 960.1 685.9
2006-08-02 969.4 674.4
2006-08-09 982.3 665.8
2006-08-16 984.5 679.1
2006-08-23 989.8 694.5
2006-08-30 991.4 694.1
2006-09-06 1002.2 694.5
2006-09-13 1001.9 701.8
2006-09-20 1004.5 709.7
2006-09-27 1023.2 717.6
2006-10-04 1033.2 706.0
2006-10-11 1033.6 712.3
2006-10-18 1024.6 707.4
2006-10-25 1039.1 719.1
2006-11-01 1048.4 704.0
2006-11-08 1058.3 701.1
2006-11-15 1063.7 708.2
2006-11-22 1061.0 710.2
2006-11-29 1061.2 706.2
2006-12-06 1077.7 700.2
2006-12-13 1083.9 708.9
2006-12-20 1107.7 703.4
2006-12-27 1125.3 695.7
2007-01-03 1122.3 707.3
2007-01-10 1119.0 726.9
2007-01-17 1102.0 725.4
2007-01-24 1097.5 745.6
2007-01-31 1088.8 747.0
2007-02-07 1095.6 757.6
2007-02-14 1107.0 765.4
2007-02-21 1100.4 758.7
2007-02-28 1094.4 762.2
2007-03-07 1099.8 741.2
2007-03-14 1105.2 753.6
2007-03-21 1097.8 756.1
2007-03-28 1102.4 768.6
2007-04-04 1103.1 750.0
2007-04-11 1113.3 764.9
2007-04-18 1097.7 772.8
2007-04-25 1108.4 795.8
2007-05-02 1128.1 793.9
2007-05-09 1143.2 810.8
2007-05-16 1150.7 811.7
2007-05-23 1142.2 805.1
2007-05-30 1144.8 808.7
2007-06-06 1165.0 786.5
2007-06-13 1167.6 763.9
2007-06-20 1166.0 766.0
2007-06-27 1173.2 762.6
2007-07-04 1178.8 747.3
2007-07-11 1188.7 768.6
2007-07-18 1180.5 778.1
2007-07-25 1190.7 784.7
2007-08-01 1201.4 781.8
2007-08-08 1213.7 768.6
2007-08-15 1163.8 742.6
2007-08-22 1091.8 738.4
2007-08-29 1013.9 755.6
2007-09-05 988.2 741.0
2007-09-12 974.0 758.0
2007-09-19 958.3 742.3
2007-09-26 954.0 751.1
2007-10-03 956.8 755.0
2007-10-10 951.5 766.2
2007-10-17 929.8 773.1
2007-10-24 928.9 788.5
2007-10-31 920.9 809.4
2007-11-07 904.8 813.9
2007-11-14 899.6 812.4
2007-11-21 874.3 809.5
2007-11-28 866.2 819.2
2007-12-05 857.4 807.8
2007-12-12 855.5 815.4
2007-12-19 832.9 799.3
2007-12-26 831.8 802.7
2008-01-02 839.9 806.4
2008-01-09 839.0 839.6
2008-01-16 846.3 838.3
2008-01-23 850.4 830.8
2008-01-30 844.5 840.5
2008-02-06 833.9 844.0
2008-02-13 830.1 838.0
2008-02-20 819.4 827.4
2008-02-27 821.8 850.5
2008-03-05 822.3 854.0
2008-03-12 816.5 848.5
2008-03-19 805.5 834.7
2008-03-26 802.8 839.6
2008-04-02 806.3 814.3
2008-04-09 801.4 828.8
2008-04-16 786.8 828.0
2008-04-23 788.7 834.8
2008-04-30 783.5 837.2
2008-05-07 780.7 861.6
2008-05-14 776.5 871.9
2008-05-21 775.0 886.2
2008-05-28 772.5 861.4
2008-06-04 778.2 852.2
2008-06-11 785.5 841.8
2008-06-18 776.6 826.6
2008-06-25 771.0 819.6
2008-07-02 772.8 804.8
2008-07-09 767.2 804.7
2008-07-16 762.2 794.0
2008-07-23 767.9 806.7
2008-07-30 781.1 809.9
2008-08-06 768.2 795.9
2008-08-13 762.9 807.5
2008-08-20 754.8 803.2
2008-08-27 746.4 808.1
2008-09-03 742.8 791.9
2008-09-10 741.6 809.5
2008-09-17 711.9 766.4
2008-09-24 712.4 733.4
2008-10-01 694.7 662.8
2008-10-08 676.5 628.4
2008-10-15 676.6 588.4
2008-10-22 668.8 568.7
2008-10-29 701.6 631.4
2008-11-05 711.9 675.2
2008-11-12 718.3 663.3
2008-11-19 699.5 664.6
2008-11-26 697.8 678.9
2008-12-03 692.5 689.6
2008-12-10 698.9 725.4
2008-12-17 711.3 717.6
2008-12-24 703.8 720.7
2008-12-31 704.5 713.7
2009-01-07 699.5 739.8
2009-01-14 693.7 739.6
2009-01-21 677.1 734.7
2009-01-28 669.4 653.1
2009-02-04 670.8 659.9
2009-02-11 663.0 646.0
2009-02-18 648.2 630.9
2009-02-25 646.3 632.4
2009-03-04 643.2 618.8
2009-03-11 634.7 615.4
2009-03-18 625.6 630.5
2009-03-25 627.8 643.2
2009-04-01 634.8 634.7
2009-04-08 632.5 640.4
2009-04-15 621.4 629.8
2009-04-22 615.4 647.6
2009-04-29 604.6 630.8
2009-05-06 603.3 611.4
2009-05-13 598.2 599.9
2009-05-20 580.5 602.9
2009-05-27 582.2 599.1
2009-06-03 577.1 589.1
2009-06-10 571.7 580.8
2009-06-17 565.0 572.8
2009-06-24 562.1 573.8
2009-07-01 571.9 564.3
2009-07-08 569.3 555.1
2009-07-15 559.3 544.5
2009-07-22 555.9 552.8
2009-07-29 539.7 528.2
2009-08-05 535.3 523.8
2009-08-12 528.9 531.3
2009-08-19 519.5 536.3
2009-08-26 512.1 548.0
2009-09-02 510.2 546.1
2009-09-09 503.5 545.1
2009-09-16 497.3 544.9
2009-09-23 498.9 554.9
2009-09-30 499.7 560.8
2009-10-07 494.9 564.3
2009-10-14 491.1 576.4
2009-10-21 482.2 572.1
2009-10-28 463.3 583.8
2009-11-04 454.8 571.9
2009-11-11 452.0 569.5
2009-11-18 449.0 594.3
2009-11-25 445.9 596.2
2009-12-02 444.0 590.0
2009-12-09 445.8 583.1
2009-12-16 444.5 577.8
2009-12-23 451.1 582.8
2009-12-30 451.6 605.2
Date Liq Assets/Total Assets
2005:Q1 22.8334237781839
2005:Q2 22.3467385021751
2005:Q3 21.9271567111691
2005:Q4 21.6438091330847
2006:Q1 21.2850709136934
2006:Q2 21.1649695922474
2006:Q3 20.6291743198246
2006:Q4 20.6683003907654
2007:Q1 20.0569629307586
2007:Q2 19.9766840598978
2007:Q3 19.0528241598996
2007:Q4 18.4473505251718
2008:Q1 18.2350625156555
2008:Q2 18.9922604526101
2008:Q3 20.049275474134
2008:Q4 22.6043990183923
2009:Q1 23.9451416659898
2009:Q2 24.3584933951306
2009:Q3 25.7790635057156
2009:Q4 26.8880484881084
2010:Q1 26.9761139937882
2010:Q2 27.0467918280994
2010:Q3 27.1696294319216
2010:Q4 27.2132486797046
2011:Q1 28.6307264418721

Figure 2: Bank Securities Losses (Billion US$)

date sec~_all s~vlarge s~_large sec~mall
2005:Q1 9.822182 4.991078 8.367966 1.454216
2005:Q2 -5.275873 -5.00304 -5.21579 -0.060083
2005:Q3 8.75926 5.607798 7.79951 0.95975
2005:Q4 15.80087 10.07196 13.65189 2.148978
2006:Q1 28.04043 18.93477 25.1831 2.857332
2006:Q2 41.09915 28.14931 36.68719 4.411963
2006:Q3 6.506017 1.264833 4.905211 1.600806
2006:Q4 11.77775 7.962017 10.79774 0.980014
2007:Q1 8.104085 5.763593 7.610744 0.493341
2007:Q2 26.0148 18.97892 23.52353 2.491273
2007:Q3 12.34693 9.954947 11.88815 0.458779
2007:Q4 6.71956 6.911357 7.474374 -0.754814
2008:Q1 16.26526 19.18399 18.33821 -2.07295
2008:Q2 42.8636 36.33213 41.11234 1.751266
2008:Q3 51.63948 43.7293 49.66873 1.970749
2008:Q4 41.31593 38.06982 41.68786 -0.37193
2009:Q1 40.32666 38.63567 40.75624 -0.429574
2009:Q2 28.58654 27.39105 28.65693 -0.070394

Figure 3: Changes in Commercial Bank Assets: 2008 and 2009 (Billion US$)

Real estate loans 0 149
Consumer loans 149 30
Other loans and leases 179 45
Treasury and Agency securities 224 375
Other securities 599 234
Cash 833 494
C&I loans 1107 -211
Other assets 436 -449

Figure 4: Liquidity Hoarding U.S. Commercial Banks: 2005-2009

date Total Liquid Assets/Assets Liq_Hoard Total Liquid Assets/Assets Liq_Nonhoard Total Liquid Assets/Assets ALL Cash and Fed Funds/Assets Liq_Hoard Cash and Fed Funds/Assets Liq_Nonhoard Cash and Fed Funds/Assets ALL Gov. Securities/Assets Liq_Hoard Gov. Securities/Assets Liq_Nonhoard Gov. Securities/Assets ALL Agency MBS / Assets Liq_Hoard Agency MBS / Assets Liq_Nonhoard Agency MBS / Assets ALL
2005:Q1 31.69798 33.29973 32.98295 8.29527 7.96156 8.02756 12.69004 12.64654 12.65514 5.16003 6.55947 6.2827
2005:Q2 30.84399 32.54346 32.20855 7.31165 7.47736 7.4447 12.75628 12.70233 12.71297 5.09403 6.28677 6.05172
2005:Q3 29.89512 31.94372 31.54216 7.3747 7.6429 7.59033 12.25725 12.38048 12.35633 4.73453 5.97365 5.73076
2005:Q4 30.14935 31.747 31.44136 8.07696 7.94155 7.96745 12.17535 12.33243 12.30238 4.5431 5.69108 5.47146
2006:Q1 30.87813 31.53389 31.40583 8.21852 8.03946 8.07443 12.80739 12.35322 12.44191 4.49504 5.51192 5.31334
2006:Q2 29.73239 30.62414 30.44688 7.2304 7.44881 7.40539 12.73581 12.30941 12.39417 4.43964 5.35959 5.17672
2006:Q3 29.61805 30.01064 29.9323 7.09569 7.19775 7.17739 12.68639 12.05859 12.18386 4.50201 5.2316 5.08601
2006:Q4 30.73653 30.15019 30.26631 8.61797 8.07433 8.18199 12.20756 11.48764 11.63021 4.65508 5.1525 5.05399
2007:Q1 31.95955 30.21773 30.57365 9.41942 8.53779 8.71794 12.36832 11.28584 11.50702 4.77273 5.05994 5.00126
2007:Q2 31.23899 29.13627 29.57242 8.37207 7.70196 7.84096 12.59887 11.08692 11.40053 4.90569 5.07046 5.03629
2007:Q3 31.83616 28.38283 29.09004 8.36996 7.39039 7.591 12.65163 10.64411 11.05523 5.2355 5.09333 5.12245
2007:Q4 33.04178 28.03609 29.06562 9.62861 7.71844 8.1113 11.87715 9.64444 10.10365 5.81348 5.29307 5.4001
2008:Q1 36.22452 28.00097 29.68682 11.94455 8.61982 9.3014 11.11701 8.03241 8.66476 7.11925 5.94618 6.18666
2008:Q2 36.49075 26.89837 28.89131 10.62783 7.32671 8.01256 11.47742 7.79203 8.55771 7.88514 6.3129 6.63955
2008:Q3 36.07213 25.87216 27.96343 9.75718 6.91218 7.49548 11.49772 7.38649 8.2294 8.21098 6.34663 6.72887
2008:Q4 36.94428 26.01397 28.18595 10.1733 7.24083 7.82355 11.43521 7.13659 7.99077 8.61754 6.45977 6.88854
2009:Q1 38.99396 27.20841 29.59591 11.87603 8.72345 9.3621 10.95376 6.58881 7.47305 8.98698 6.56905 7.05887
2009:Q2 38.80507 27.19993 29.54258 11.62995 8.6661 9.26439 10.68147 6.42691 7.28575 9.0265 6.45612 6.97499
2009:Q3 38.37251 27.5438 29.69271 10.85809 8.68384 9.11531 10.65794 6.64358 7.44021 8.91437 6.44794 6.93739
2009:Q4 38.52053 27.97812 30.00036 11.56236 9.36215 9.78419 10.43267 6.74298 7.45074 8.73476 6.30824 6.77369
2010:Q1 40.02891 29.09922 31.23391 12.51905 10.22631 10.67411 11.01015 7.09464 7.85938 8.61283 6.25898 6.71872
Total 0.3372707 0.2893789 0.3034519   0.0788581 0.0860614 0.1180551 0.0973383 0.0988407 0.0646614 0.0590175 0.0608072

Figure 5: Unused Commitments and Securities Losses by Bank Size

date LARGE BANKS Unused Commitment Ratio (right axis) LARGE BANKS Security Loss Ratio LARGE BANKS corr SMALL BANKSunused SMALL BANKS secloss SMALL BANKS corr
2005:Q1 0.1599327 0.64426 -0.0526 0.089301 0.58067 0.0321
2005:Q2 0.1589641 -0.16461 -0.0381 0.0900034 -0.0464 0.0241
2005:Q3 0.1606794 0.41958 -0.023 0.089777 0.38099 0.0237
2005:Q4 0.1627454 0.94657 -0.0159 0.0918196 0.90717 0.0256
2006:Q1 0.1630203 1.336 -0.0443 0.0949668 1.14011 0.0224
2006:Q2 0.1628249 2.06114 -0.0315 0.0938104 1.82152 0.023
2006:Q3 0.1643052 0.66651 -0.033 0.091986 0.61066 0.0247
2006:Q4 0.1639792 0.48689 -0.0085 0.0911212 0.36421 0.0227
2007:Q1 0.1636244 0.18503 -0.0334 0.0941107 0.19045 0.0309
2007:Q2 0.1641118 1.147 0.0094 0.0927142 0.97194 0.0291
2007:Q3 0.1636652 0.31723 0.0059 0.0917722 0.02743 0.029
2007:Q4 0.1592379 -0.08 -0.0108 0.0906996 -0.52672 0.0246
2008:Q1 0.1565601 -0.43564 -0.0334 0.0916522 -1.30391 0.0217
2008:Q2 0.1524734 1.40908 -0.0493 0.0880274 0.48682 0.0201
2008:Q3 0.1470729 1.85003 0.0012 0.0853122 0.65916 0.0071
2008:Q4 0.1358665 0.89256 0.0309 0.0810537 -0.54275 0.0197
2009:Q1 0.1335201 0.64258 0.0137 0.0810709 -0.51699 0.0013
2009:Q2 0.1272582 0.50349 -0.0319 0.07721 -0.34051 -0.0315
2009:Q3 0.1223251 -1.07227 0.012 0.0740463 -1.56276 -0.0262
2009:Q4 0.1194356 -0.82938 -0.0098 0.0713286 -1.07844 -0.0276

Figure 6: Liquidity Hoarding Incentives Very Large Commercial Banks (Assets Greater than or Equal to 50 Billion)

date Change in Unused Commitments (right axis) Change in Unused Back-up Lines to Conduits (right axis) Security Loss Ratio (left axis)
2005:Q1 3.56751 5.71602 0.73433
2005:Q2 3.55288 2.5126 -0.31033
2005:Q3 2.28914 -5.54724 0.64327
2005:Q4 3.66438 0.31099 1.08828
2006:Q1 7.07451 3.589 1.82765
2006:Q2 2.27769 -4.13647 2.4257
2006:Q3 2.96359 8.29263 0.7222
2006:Q4 2.51984 -0.40534 0.67853
2007:Q1 1.29091 3.8751 0.03865
2007:Q2 1.68578 2.87802 1.25571
2007:Q3 1.89114 -0.80345 0.31771
2007:Q4 0.43996 -8.30461 0.22417
2008:Q1 -1.67334 -11.59309 1.63143
2008:Q2 -0.361 -16.48998 2.90952
2008:Q3 -1.88032 -23.64943 4.26058
2008:Q4 -4.78802 -9.36539 5.19583
2009:Q1 -4.56988 -9.43838 2.90809
2009:Q2 -4.05205 -28.61001 2.17553

Figure 7: Deposit Growth (Quarterly growth rates 4-period moving average)

date TOTAL DEPOSIT GROWTH Liq_Hoard TOTAL DEPOSIT GROWTH Liq_Nonhoard TOTAL DEPOSIT GROWTH ALL CORE AND NON-CORE DEPOSIT GROWTH CORE CORE AND NON-CORE DEPOSIT GROWTH NON-CORE CORE DEPOSIT GROWTH Liq_Hoard CORE DEPOSIT GROWTH Liq_Nonhoard NON-CORE DEPOSIT GROWTH Liq_Hoard NON-CORE DEPOSIT GROWTH Liq_Nonhoard
2005:Q4 0.87697 1.3118875 1.2257025 0.74155 4.86259 0.483555 0.8056525 4.0285375 5.0649425
2006:Q1 0.951795 1.313775 1.242295 0.7219725 5.030345 0.5635675 0.7613775 4.16368 5.23993
2006:Q2 0.9543925 1.2914625 1.2245325 0.69634 5.009945 0.54731 0.7338125 4.3107925 5.17881
2006:Q3 0.8912325 1.183155 1.124775 0.4882475 5.2442475 0.3802925 0.5160325 4.627265 5.3935425
2006:Q4 1.024865 1.2861975 1.234485 0.62687 5.2334175 0.523225 0.6524925 4.72584 5.3578825
2007:Q1 1.1067525 1.3415 1.2941825 0.888205 4.5059575 0.745845 0.9244275 4.23541 4.572535
2007:Q2 1.111985 1.274535 1.2406125 0.95763 3.80164 0.819235 0.994375 3.636045 3.842195
2007:Q3 1.1174 1.1911025 1.174875 1.0416025 3.05961 0.9708975 1.06143 2.974655 3.0802225
2007:Q4 0.9139175 0.925335 0.922915 0.85872 2.50439 0.8288525 0.8664975 2.5470575 2.49341
2008:Q1 1.1346075 0.9613225 0.996685 0.8935575 2.661515 1.0338325 0.857715 2.7843775 2.6298975
2008:Q2 1.1710925 0.920755 0.9720825 0.98015 2.0867425 1.1798975 0.92883 2.2247525 2.05117
2008:Q3 0.9383025 0.91385 0.9189725 1.0302525 1.52199 1.06433 1.02143 1.3689925 1.56118
2008:Q4 0.790575 1.0720725 1.015155 0.9638825 2.2834725 0.836175 0.996855 1.6063825 2.45226
2009:Q1 0.7044375 1.2814725 1.164525 0.9798375 2.9683325 0.643025 1.06606 1.8729725 3.2433825
2009:Q2 0.6608125 1.4334675 1.27733 0.9943875 3.5233575 0.5531625 1.106355 2.1257525 3.87456
2009:Q3 0.6650075 1.49459 1.3286625 0.9678 3.8667275 0.43838 1.0999275 2.667705 4.16582
2009:Q4 0.7812625 1.43473 1.303285 1.15667 2.8370475 0.6903625 1.2739125 2.076205 3.0271325
2010:Q1 0.562215 1.08481 0.980335 0.8877175 2.0121825 0.48848 0.9872975 1.54811 2.127105
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