Supplemental Tables by Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics

The tables in this appendix contain supplemental information from the Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking (SHED). The appendix provides additional information about select questions from each main section of the Report on the Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2013, which summarizes the SHED results. For each question included in this appendix, information is reported about the distribution of certain demographic and socioeconomic factors, namely the respondents' race/ethnicity, age, gender, income, and education. For additional details on the SHED, please see the full report that is adjacent to this appendix at
www.federalreserve.gov.

Web Table 1. Responses to overall financial well-being questions (by race/ethnicity)
Percent, except as noted

	Race/ethnicity
	Non-Hispanic white	Non-Hispanic black	Hispanic	Overall	N
Which one of the following best describes how well you are managing financially these days?
Finding it difficult to get by	12.2	17.3	15.7	13.3	462
Just getting by	23.5	30.7	30.0	25.3	970
Doing okay	37.7	37.2	35.2	37.3	1,578
Living comfortably	25.5	13.7	18.0	23.0	1,088
Compared to five years ago (2008), would you say that you are better off, the same, or worse off financially?
Much worse	12.4	12.3	11.9	12.4	469
Somewhat worse	24.1	16.4	18.7	22.0	945
About the same	33.2	36.4	34.7	34.2	1,462
Somewhat better off	20.0	20.2	20.2	20.0	849
Much better off	9.0	12.9	12.8	10.0	368
During the next 12 months, do you expect your total income to be higher, about the same, or lower than during the past 12 months?
Lower	15.4	19.4	13.8	16.1	689
About the same	62.3	53.9	61.5	60.5	2,559
Higher	19.8	21.9	22.4	20.7	802

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 2. Responses to housing questions (by race/ethnicity)
Percent, except as noted

	Race/ethnicity
	Non-Hispanic white	Non-Hispanic black	Hispanic	Overall	N
Please select all the reason below for why you rent your home rather than own your home? (asked of renters)
It's cheaper to rent than own a home	21.7	23.0	27.5	22.8	232
It's more convenient to rent (for example, you can move easily)	26.0	21.1	24.9	24.4	259
I plan on moving in the near future	19.8	17.5	24.4	20.1	212
I can't qualify for a mortgage to buy a home	29.6	29.5	29.7	29.1	291
I can't afford the down payment to buy a home	42.1	46.8	51.5	45.3	444
I simply prefer to rent	19.3	22.8	18.6	19.6	207
I'm currently looking to buy a home	11.9	10.5	5.2	9.7	104
Other	10.5	6.9	6.2	8.9	112
Compared to five years ago (since 2008), do you think the value of your home today is higher, lower, or stayed the same? (asked of homeowners)
Lower value	46.8	37.4	46.3	45.2	981
Value has stayed the same	21.1	12.5	15.0	19.5	479
Higher value	24.6	31.2	33.5	26.9	599
Don't Know	6.9	15.0	4.8	7.5	148
In the next 12 months, how much, if at all, do you think that home prices in your neighborhood will change? (asked of homeowners)
Go down by more than 5 percent	3.1	5.9	2.8	3.4	92
Go down by 5 percent or less	4.6	4.7	6.4	4.9	122
Stay about the same	40.3	23.4	33.0	36.8	1,046
Go up by 5 percent or less	24.9	22.3	31.4	25.8	734
Go up by more than 5 percent	12.1	15.9	16.4	13.5	351
Don't know	14.7	26.3	9.6	15.1	377
Thinking about the past 12 months, did you want to sell your home, but did not or could not? (asked of homeowners)
Yes, I put it on the market, but could not sell it	1.9	1.3	2.3	1.9	45
Yes, I wanted to sell, but did not put it on the market	8.4	12.2	10.8	9.1	232
No, I did not want to sell	86.4	82.1	82.4	85.6	2,378
No, I was able to sell my home, or it's currently on the market	2.7	0.0	2.9	2.5	61

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 3. Responses to credit behavior and availability questions (by race/ethnicity)
Percent, except as noted

	Race/ethnicity
	Non-Hispanic white	Non-Hispanic black	Hispanic	Overall	N
In the past 12 months, have you put off applying for credit because you thought you might be turned down?
No	83.3	69.0	70.3	79.5	3,394
Yes	15.2	28.7	26.8	18.7	676
If you were to apply for a mortgage today, how confident are you that your application would be approved?
Confident	57.3	37.7	42.2	52.5	2,427
Not confident	27.0	32.6	37.2	29.0	1,056
Don't know	14.2	28.0	18.3	16.9	601
If you were to apply for credit or a loan today (other than a mortgage), how confident are you that your application would be approved?
Very confident	48.2	20.8	26.5	41.2	1,973
Somewhat confident	19.5	24.5	27.2	21.3	835
Not confident	19.5	28.0	30.7	22.3	787
Don't know	11.2	24.5	13.9	13.5	486
If you had to guess, how would you rate your current credit score (such as a FICO score)?
Poor	9.8	18.6	15.8	11.6	397
Fair	10.1	16.9	16.4	11.7	419
Good	14.1	16.3	25.1	15.8	607
Very good	24.0	9.4	14.9	21.2	950
Excellent	30.6	10.9	12.3	25.0	1,271
Don't know my score or how to rate it	10.3	24.8	13.9	13.2	446
In the past 12 months, have you always paid your credit card bills in full each month? (asked of respondents with at least one credit card)
No	41.7	52.0	51.3	43.0	1,366
Yes	57.8	47.4	48.7	56.6	1,886

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 4. Responses to savings behavior questions (by race/ethnicity)
Percent, except as noted

	Race/ethnicity
	Non-Hispanic white	Non-Hispanic black	Hispanic	Overall	N
In 2012, would you say that your household's total spending was more than your income, that it was about the same as your income, or that you spent less than your income?
Spending was less than income	39.8	36.8	27.8	37.7	1,622
Spending was same as income	37.7	36.3	41.6	38.4	1,589
Spending was more than income	20.2	24.6	28.7	21.7	850
If you were to lose your main source of income (e.g., job, government benefits), could you cover your expenses for 3 months by borrowing money, using savings, selling assets, or borrowing from friends/family? (asked of approximately one-half of respondents)
No	38.0	59.0	54.0	42.2	805
Yes	59.7	38.5	44.3	55.6	1,291
Have you set aside emergency or rainy day funds that would cover your expenses for 3 months in case of sickness, job loss, economic downturn, or other emergencies? (asked of approximately one-half of respondents)
No	53.8	72.1	63.3	57.9	1,055
Yes	43.4	26.6	32.9	39.4	899
Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense please select all that apply.
Put it on my credit card and pay it off in full at the next statement	30.8	12.4	19.6	27.7	1,288
Put it on my credit card and pay it off over time	17.5	9.2	21.1	16.9	704
With the money currently in my checking/savings account or with cash	42.6	30.5	30.3	38.6	1,740
Using money from a bank loan or line of credit	3.0	2.5	3.9	3.2	138
By borrowing from a friend or family member	9.9	17.4	15.3	11.8	411
Using a payday loan, deposit advance, or overdraft	2.0	7.6	7.4	3.6	117
By selling something	8.6	12.9	10.6	9.5	351
I wouldn't be able to pay for the expense right now	15.4	37.4	22.8	18.9	628
Other	2.3	2.1	1.9	2.1	86

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 5. Responses to education and student loan questions (by race/ethnicity)
Percent, except as noted

	Race/ethnicity
	Non-Hispanic white	Non-Hispanic black	Hispanic	Overall	N
Do you currently owe any money or have any loans that you used to pay for your own education?
No	72.5	56.3	61.7	68.6	2,977
Yes	13.4	21.8	21.5	15.8	568
Does not apply	12.9	20.2	14.8	14.2	537
Do you currently owe any money or have any loans that you used to pay for your own education, your spouse's education, your child's education, or your grandchild's education? [constructed]
No	77.6	73.7	70.3	75.8	3,177
Yes	22.4	26.3	29.7	24.2	957
Did you complete the most recent educational program for which you borrowed money? (asked of respondents with debt for their own education)
No	20.9	30.4	29.3	24.3	139
Yes	52.6	37.9	44.3	47.9	281
Still enrolled in the program	26.5	31.8	24.9	27.5	146
Overall, how would you say the lifetime financial benefits of your most recent educational program compare to the lifetime financial costs to you of this education? (asked of respondents with debt for their own education)
Much larger financial benefits than costs	24.3	26.0	22.7	23.7	128
Somewhat larger financial benefits than costs	15.7	22.0	22.6	18.3	106
About same financial benefits and costs	21.0	28.8	12.7	21.0	118
Somewhat smaller financial benefits than costs	11.1	5.7	18.6	11.8	69
Much smaller financial benefits than costs	27.5	17.1	23.5	24.9	143
Thinking about your current education and work experience, how confident are you that you have the skills necessary to get the kinds of jobs you want now? (asked of respondents who are not retired or disabled)
Very confident	27.4	32.4	28.3	27.3	829
Somewhat confident	39.5	29.6	41.2	39.2	1,126
Not confident	19.5	12.7	17.1	18.3	517
I am not currently in the workforce and I am not looking for a job	6.2	7.5	7.2	6.9	187
Don't know	5.6	17.0	3.6	6.5	162

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 6. Responses to retirement questions (by race/ethnicity)
Percent, except as noted

	Race/ethnicity
	Non-Hispanic white	Non-Hispanic black	Hispanic	Overall	N
How much thought have you given to the financial planning for your retirement? (asked of all respondents net yet retired)
None at all	20.5	37.4	31.9	25.1	656
A little	23.5	18.9	27.1	23.8	705
Some	24.2	20.3	20.8	22.6	752
A fair amount	18.0	12.5	11.2	15.7	591
A lot	12.5	9.8	7.2	11.4	423
Which one of the following best describes your plan for retirement? (asked of all respondents net yet retired who have done some planning for retirement)
I do not plan to retire	6.6	8.3	2.7	6.2	112
Work fewer hours as I get close to retirement	9.7	6.0	11.4	9.6	159
Retire from my current career, but then find a different full-time job	3.5	9.1	2.8	3.8	63
Retire from my current career, but then find a different part-time job	16.6	10.0	15.1	15.8	304
Retire from my current career, but then work for myself	7.8	14.5	15.0	9.8	171
Work full time until I retire, then stop working altogether	27.2	21.6	23.1	25.4	434
Keep working as long as possible	21.3	23.8	17.7	21.3	373
Other	6.8	6.6	9.4	7.2	140
What type of retirement savings do you have? (asked of all respondents net yet retired)
No retirement savings or pension	25.4	42.5	40.0	30.9	804
Social Security Old-Age benefits	39.5	32.3	29.6	36.3	1,318
401(k), 403(b), thrift or other defined contribution pension plan	48.1	29.9	36.1	43.7	1,508
Defined benefit pension through an employer	20.7	13.8	12.1	18.2	725
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)	28.0	12.0	12.2	23.0	874
Savings outside a retirement account (e.g., a brokerage account, savings account)	27.0	11.6	13.4	22.7	862
Real estate or land	13.6	4.5	5.8	11.3	463
Other	3.3	3.8	2.6	3.2	87
How are you planning to pay for your expenses in retirement? (asked of non-retired respondents who plan to retire and who have done some planning for retirement)
Social Security Old-Age benefits	49.9	34.6	35.6	44.6	1,553
I will continue working	25.2	19.2	21.9	23.5	758
Spouse/partner will continue working	9.6	6.2	7.6	8.8	296
Defined benefit pension from work	20.7	16.4	11.8	18.5	708
401(k), 403(b), thrift or other defined contribution pension plan from work	44.3	30.1	29.9	39.7	1,321
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)	27.1	11.7	12.4	22.1	809
Savings outside a retirement account (e.g., a brokerage account, savings account)	27.7	14.5	11.5	23.4	832
Income from real estate or the sale of real estate	8.8	4.9	7.7	8.3	296
Income from a business or the sale of a business	3.7	3.3	4.9	3.8	137
Rely on children, grandchildren, or other family	2.4	3.9	3.8	2.8	79
I don't know	20.8	33.0	29.9	24.6	631
Other	3.7	0.6	2.8	3.1	94
What sources are you (and your spouse/partner) using to pay for your expenses in retirement? (asked of all respondents who are currently retired)
Social Security Old-Age benefits	75.8	69.3	61.0	74.5	730
I have a job	6.1	4.6	5.9	5.8	64
My spouse/partner has a job	12.2	11.9	9.4	11.9	120
Defined benefit pension from work	45.2	38.9	41.8	44.3	470
401(k), 403(b), thrift or other defined contribution pension plan from work	19.0	10.0	18.0	18.5	210
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)	31.1	12.6	21.0	28.8	319
Savings outside a retirement account (e.g., a brokerage account, savings account)	35.0	6.4	21.0	31.6	335
Income from real estate or the sale of real estate	10.0	0.8	8.4	8.8	90
Income from a business or the sale of a business	3.1	0.0	0.0	2.6	28
Relying on children, grandchildren, or other family	2.2	0.0	1.0	1.9	16
Other	5.5	2.7	8.0	5.9	48

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 7. Responses to health insurance and health-care expenses questions (by race/ethnicity)
Percent, except as noted

	Race/ethnicity
	Non-Hispanic white	Non-Hispanic black	Hispanic	Overall	N
During the past 12 months, was there a time when you needed any of the following, but didn't get it because you couldn't afford it?
Prescription medicine (including taking less medication than prescribed)	14.2	18.5	17.1	14.9	532
To see a doctor	16.7	18.8	22.4	17.6	634
Mental health care or counseling	5.6	7.5	11.8	6.7	232
Dental care (including check-ups or routine cleaning)	24.9	32.2	28.7	25.7	972
To see a specialist (such as an OB/GYN, dermatologist, orthopedic surgeon, etc.)	11.5	10.4	14.1	11.4	427
Follow-up care (e.g., going to physical therapy sessions recommended by a doctor )	9.9	12.2	11.8	10.3	367
Any medical treatment listed above [constructed]	33.1	39.4	37.0	33.8	1,272
During the past 12 months, have you had any unexpected major medical expenses that you had to pay out of pocket (that were not completely paid for by insurance)?
No	74.3	70.5	74.3	74.4	3,060
Yes	24.6	28.2	23.9	24.4	1,035
If you were to have a major unexpected medical expense that you had to pay for out of pocket, how likely is it that you that you would be able to pay your medical bills?
Not likely	39.1	53.7	52.4	42.8	1,596
Somewhat likely	35.6	31.4	30.9	34.5	1,455
Very likely	24.0	13.1	15.1	21.4	1,041
Are you currently covered by any of the following types of health insurance or health coverage plans?
Insurance through a current or former employer or union (of yourself or a family member)	56.7	39.0	41.8	52.5	2,336
Insurance purchased directly from an insurance company (by yourself or a family member)	14.5	10.1	11.0	13.2	580
Medicare, for people 65 or older, or people with certain disabilities	24.2	19.1	15.2	21.7	1,041
Medicaid, Medical Assistance, or any kind of government-assistance plan for those with low incomes or disability	9.0	23.9	19.3	12.5	406
TRICARE or other military health care	3.1	3.9	5.4	3.5	161
VA (including those who have ever used or enrolled for VA health care)	4.6	7.0	4.9	4.9	223
Indian Health Service	0.3	0.6	1.7	1.1	31
Any other type of health insurance or health coverage plan	4.3	4.7	9.0	4.9	207
Any health insurance listed above [constructed]	87.0	74.1	76.7	83.8	3,584

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 8. Responses to overall financial well-being questions (by age)
Percent, except as noted

	Age
	18-29	30-44	45-59	60+	Overall	N
Which one of the following best describes how well you are managing financially these days?
Finding it difficult to get by	13.9	15.2	16.1	8.1	13.3	462
Just getting by	23.2	30.5	27.1	19.9	25.3	970
Doing okay	41.2	35.1	36.7	36.9	37.3	1,578
Living comfortably	19.9	17.9	19.2	34.5	23.0	1,088
Compared to five years ago (2008), would you say that you are better off, the same, or worse off financially?
Much worse	9.5	13.7	16.0	9.7	12.4	469
Somewhat worse	19.2	19.2	22.7	26.5	22.0	945
About the same	28.8	31.9	33.3	41.6	34.2	1,462
Somewhat better off	23.6	22.9	18.7	15.7	20.0	849
Much better off	16.5	10.7	8.5	5.6	10.0	368
During the next 12 months, do you expect your total income to be higher, about the same, or lower than during the past 12 months?
Lower	15.8	13.1	17.6	17.8	16.1	689
About the same	50.1	55.2	63.7	70.9	60.5	2,559
Higher	29.3	28.6	16.8	10.1	20.7	802

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 9. Responses to housing questions (by age)
Percent, except as noted

	Age
	18-29	30-44	45-59	60+	Overall	N
Please select all the reason below for why you rent your home rather than own your home? (asked of renters)
It's cheaper to rent than own a home	17.2	18.2	35.0	24.9	22.8	232
It's more convenient to rent (for example, you can move easily)	26.5	26.0	19.6	24.3	24.4	259
I plan on moving in the near future	29.5	20.3	15.8	8.7	20.1	212
I can't qualify for a mortgage to buy a home	24.2	27.9	40.5	24.6	29.1	291
I can't afford the down payment to buy a home	48.6	48.0	45.9	33.2	45.3	444
I simply prefer to rent	14.4	14.0	23.5	34.0	19.6	207
I'm currently looking to buy a home	11.0	11.8	6.7	7.3	9.7	104
Other	7.9	5.1	10.5	15.5	8.9	112
Compared to five years ago (since 2008), do you think the value of your home today is higher, lower, or stayed the same? (asked of homeowners)
Lower value	31.6	50.0	46.6	43.5	45.2	981
Value has stayed the same	22.0	15.1	20.1	20.7	19.5	479
Higher value	30.8	25.7	26.1	27.7	26.9	599
Don't Know	12.7	9.0	6.3	7.3	7.5	148
In the next 12 months, how much, if at all, do you think that home prices in your neighborhood will change? (asked of homeowners)
Go down by more than 5 percent	1.2	3.2	4.5	3.1	3.4	92
Go down by 5 percent or less	5.6	6.4	5.4	3.1	4.9	122
Stay about the same	29.5	30.5	43.5	37.1	36.8	1,046
Go up by 5 percent or less	26.1	29.0	22.5	26.6	25.8	734
Go up by more than 5 percent	21.4	13.9	10.2	14.2	13.5	351
Don't know	15.0	16.9	13.5	15.5	15.1	377
Thinking about the past 12 months, did you want to sell your home, but did not or could not? (asked of homeowners)
Yes, I put it on the market, but could not sell it	4.4	1.6	1.7	1.4	1.9	45
Yes, I wanted to sell, but did not put it on the market	9.1	11.6	9.4	7.1	9.1	232
No, I did not want to sell	79.2	80.9	86.6	89.6	85.6	2,378
No, I was able to sell my home, or it's currently on the market	4.5	4.2	1.7	1.4	2.5	61

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 10. Responses to credit behavior and availability questions (by age)
Percent, except as noted

	Age
	18-29	30-44	45-59	60+	Overall	N
In the past 12 months, have you put off applying for credit because you thought you might be turned down?
No	77.4	74.7	76.8	88.7	79.5	3,394
Yes	20.2	22.9	22.0	10.0	18.7	676
If you were to apply for a mortgage today, how confident are you that your application would be approved?
Confident	42.3	52.1	53.1	60.5	52.5	2,427
Not confident	32.2	33.4	31.3	20.0	29.0	1,056
Don't know	23.1	12.5	15.0	18.1	16.9	601
If you were to apply for credit or a loan today (other than a mortgage), how confident are you that your application would be approved?
Very confident	29.4	37.6	42.9	52.6	41.2	1,973
Somewhat confident	28.0	22.6	17.9	18.2	21.3	835
Not confident	23.0	26.6	26.1	13.5	22.3	787
Don't know	17.5	11.9	12.1	13.5	13.5	486
If you had to guess, how would you rate your current credit score (such as a FICO score)?
Poor	11.1	14.5	15.8	5.0	11.6	397
Fair	11.9	15.9	12.3	7.0	11.7	419
Good	18.7	17.7	13.4	14.3	15.8	607
Very good	19.5	20.3	20.3	24.5	21.2	950
Excellent	14.5	21.4	26.0	36.0	25.0	1,271
Don't know my score or how to rate it	22.0	8.9	11.2	12.2	13.2	446
In the past 12 months, have you always paid your credit card bills in full each month? (asked of respondents with at least one credit card)
No	40.6	51.7	48.3	32.1	43.0	1,366
Yes	58.6	48.2	50.9	67.8	56.6	1,886

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 11. Responses to savings behavior questions (by age)
Percent, except as noted

	Age
	18-29	30-44	45-59	60+	Overall	N
In 2012, would you say that your household's total spending was more than your income, that it was about the same as your income, or that you spent less than your income?
Spending was less than income	36.0	36.1	36.3	42.0	37.7	1,622
Spending was same as income	39.3	37.3	39.7	37.4	38.4	1,589
Spending was more than income	20.0	24.7	22.1	19.6	21.7	850
If you were to lose your main source of income (e.g. job, government benefits), could you cover your expenses for 3 months by borrowing money, using savings, selling assets, or borrowing from friends/family? (asked of approximately one-half of respondents)
No	42.5	49.9	45.0	31.8	42.2	805
Yes	53.9	48.0	53.4	66.6	55.6	1,291
Have you set aside emergency or rainy day funds that would cover your expenses for 3 months in case of sickness, job loss, economic downturn, or other emergencies? (asked of approximately one-half of respondents)
No	63.0	63.6	64.1	41.7	57.9	1,055
Yes	33.2	32.6	34.3	56.3	39.4	899
Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense please select all that apply.
Put it on my credit card and pay it off in full at the next statement	25.7	25.2	25.1	34.4	27.7	1,288
Put it on my credit card and pay it off over time	17.8	19.1	14.8	16.4	16.9	704
With the money currently in my checking/savings account or with cash	32.3	33.9	38.4	48.5	38.6	1,740
Using money from a bank loan or line of credit	4.3	2.3	3.0	3.3	3.2	138
By borrowing from a friend or family member	18.1	14.2	10.6	5.6	11.8	411
Using a payday loan, deposit advance, or overdraft	4.8	4.4	3.7	1.7	3.6	117
By selling something	11.0	12.5	8.2	6.7	9.5	351
I wouldn't be able to pay for the expense right now	18.1	20.0	23.8	13.2	18.9	628
Other	2.0	1.7	2.0	2.9	2.1	86

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 12. Responses to education and student loan questions (by age)
Percent, except as noted

	Age
	18-29	30-44	45-59	60+	Overall	N
Do you currently owe any money or have any loans that you used to pay for your own education?
No	51.5	66.7	75.6	77.1	68.6	2,977
Yes	35.9	22.5	7.4	1.7	15.8	568
Does not apply	10.5	9.5	15.9	20.0	14.2	537
Do you currently owe any money or have any loans that you used to pay for your own education, your spouse's education, your child's education, or your grandchild's education? [constructed]
No	57.5	66.7	81.6	93.3	75.8	3,177
Yes	42.5	33.3	18.4	6.7	24.2	957
Did you complete the most recent educational program for which you borrowed money? (asked of respondents with debt for their own education)
No	19.8	27.4	30.4	36.2	24.3	139
Yes	41.5	54.7	50.2	59.2	47.9	281
Still enrolled in the program	38.1	17.9	19.4	4.6	27.5	146
Overall, how would you say the lifetime financial benefits of your most recent educational program compare to the lifetime financial costs to you of this education? (asked of respondents with debt for their own education)
Much larger financial benefits than costs	23.2	22.8	27.6	27.9	23.7	128
Somewhat larger financial benefits than costs	20.1	16.9	16.6	12.9	18.3	106
About same financial benefits and costs	22.5	20.3	19.1	11.8	21.0	118
Somewhat smaller financial benefits than costs	11.3	14.6	8.3	0.0	11.8	69
Much smaller financial benefits than costs	22.8	24.8	28.4	47.4	24.9	143
Thinking about your current education and work experience, how confident are you that you have the skills necessary to get the kinds of jobs you want now? (asked of respondents who are not retired or disabled)
Very confident	24.8	28.1	28.8	27.7	27.3	829
Somewhat confident	43.5	38.3	38.9	29.5	39.2	1126
Not confident	16.6	18.2	18.8	22.8	18.3	517
I am not currently in the workforce and I am not looking for a job	6.0	7.7	6.1	9.3	6.9	187
Don't know	5.7	6.1	6.6	10.3	6.5	162

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 13. Responses to retirement questions (by age)
Percent, except as noted

	Age
	18-29	30-44	45-59	60+	Overall	N
How much thought have you given to the financial planning for your retirement? (asked of all respondents net yet retired)
None at all	40.7	20.7	18.6	19.6	25.1	656
A little	27.3	26.1	20.1	19.0	23.8	705
Some	17.6	25.9	24.6	19.3	22.6	752
A fair amount	7.9	16.1	20.2	20.6	15.7	591
A lot	4.7	9.7	15.7	20.5	11.4	423
Which one of the following best describes your plan for retirement? (asked of all respondents net yet retired who have done some planning for retirement)
I do not plan to retire	4.8	6.0	8.0	3.1	6.2	112
Work fewer hours as I get close to retirement	13.8	9.8	6.1	14.2	9.6	159
Retire from my current career, but then find a different full-time job	4.5	4.4	4.2	0.2	3.8	63
Retire from my current career, but then find a different part-time job	14.8	13.2	18.1	16.6	15.8	304
Retire from my current career, but then work for myself	10.0	10.6	10.4	6.1	9.8	171
Work full time until I retire, then stop working altogether	34.6	29.2	22.1	14.6	25.4	434
Keep working as long as possible	15.8	21.6	21.1	28.1	21.3	373
Other	0.8	3.7	9.8	16.4	7.2	140
What type of retirement savings do you have? (asked of all respondents net yet retired)
No retirement savings or pension	50.5	27.8	23.0	15.4	30.9	804
Social Security Old-Age benefits	17.5	31.5	46.4	67.6	36.3	1,318
401(k), 403(b), thrift or other defined contribution pension plan	30.3	52.8	47.8	37.1	43.7	1,508
Defined benefit pension through an employer	7.0	16.0	26.9	25.9	18.2	725
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)	11.2	23.5	29.2	31.9	23.0	874
Savings outside a retirement account (e.g., a brokerage account, savings account)	15.4	19.3	28.6	33.3	22.7	862
Real estate or land	4.4	8.9	16.1	20.5	11.3	463
Other	1.7	3.4	4.1	4.1	3.2	87
How are you planning to pay for your expenses in retirement? (asked of non-retired respondents who plan to retire and who have done some planning for retirement)
Social Security Old-Age benefits	20.4	41.4	58.4	74.2	44.6	1,553
I will continue working	18.7	24.5	24.5	30.0	23.5	758
Spouse/partner will continue working	6.4	8.8	11.2	7.2	8.8	296
Defined benefit pension from work	7.3	16.1	26.8	29.0	18.5	708
401(k), 403(b), thrift or other defined contribution pension plan from work	31.6	46.0	43.5	30.2	39.7	1,321
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)	14.1	22.5	26.3	28.6	22.1	809
Savings outside a retirement account (e.g., a brokerage account, savings account)	19.3	23.3	24.9	29.2	23.4	832
Income from real estate or the sale of real estate	6.1	7.1	10.4	11.0	8.3	296
Income from a business or the sale of a business	4.6	3.7	3.1	4.5	3.8	137
Rely on children, grandchildren, or other family	4.6	1.9	2.6	1.7	2.8	79
I don't know	40.7	24.8	16.2	8.7	24.6	631
Other	1.1	2.4	4.8	5.5	3.1	94
What sources are you (and your spouse/partner) using to pay for your expenses in retirement? (asked of all respondents who are currently retired)
Social Security Old-Age benefits		20.5	8.7	80.5	74.5	730
I have a job		40.2	9.1	5.2	5.8	64
My spouse/partner has a job		7.7	17.9	11.4	11.9	120
Defined benefit pension from work		20.5	48.8	44.2	44.3	470
401(k), 403(b), thrift or other defined contribution pension plan from work		4.4	12.5	19.1	18.5	210
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)		4.4	13.4	30.3	28.8	319
Savings outside a retirement account (e.g., a brokerage account, savings account)		7.7	26.8	32.2	31.6	335
Income from real estate or the sale of real estate		0.0	9.8	8.8	8.8	90
Income from a business or the sale of a business		0.0	2.9	2.6	2.6	28
Relying on children, grandchildren, or other family		0.0	0.0	2.1	1.9	16
Other		0.0	4.9	6.0	5.9	48

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 14. Responses to health insurance and health-care expenses questions (by age)
Percent, except as noted

	Age
	18-29	30-44	45-59	60+	Overall	N
During the past 12 months, was there a time when you needed any of the following, but didn't get it because you couldn't afford it?
Prescription medicine (including taking less medication than prescribed)	15.4	17.8	17.4	9.1	14.9	532
To see a doctor	20.6	22.2	20.0	8.2	17.6	634
Mental health care or counseling	9.8	9.5	5.6	2.5	6.7	232
Dental care (including check-ups or routine cleaning)	25.1	30.6	27.7	19.5	25.7	972
To see a specialist (such as an OB/GYN, dermatologist, orthopedic surgeon, etc.)	12.0	17.2	10.8	5.9	11.4	427
Follow-up care (e.g., going to physical therapy sessions recommended by a doctor)	11.2	12.1	11.5	6.6	10.3	367
Any medical treatment listed above [constructed]	34.9	39.0	37.1	24.2	33.8	1,272
During the past 12 months, have you had any unexpected major medical expenses that you had to pay out of pocket (that were not completely paid for by insurance)?
No	78.7	70.1	72.2	77.2	74.4	3,060
Yes	19.3	28.1	26.9	22.4	24.4	1,035
If you were to have a major unexpected medical expense that you had to pay for out of pocket, how likely is it that you that you would be able to pay your medical bills?
Not likely	47.9	46.9	45.9	31.5	42.8	1,596
Somewhat likely	35.0	33.9	33.2	35.9	34.5	1,455
Very likely	15.3	17.6	19.9	31.7	21.4	1,041
Are you currently covered by any of the following types of health insurance or health coverage plans?
Insurance through a current or former employer or union (of yourself or a family member)	52.8	58.8	58.0	40.6	52.5	2,336
Insurance purchased directly from an insurance company (by yourself or a family member)	12.5	8.4	7.8	23.9	13.2	580
Medicare, for people 65 or older, or people with certain disabilities	2.3	3.6	10.4	66.7	21.7	1,041
Medicaid, Medical Assistance, or any kind of government-assistance plan for those with low incomes or disability	11.3	12.4	14.0	12.1	12.5	406
TRICARE or other military health care	4.7	2.3	2.2	5.2	3.5	161
VA (including those who have ever used or enrolled for VA health care)	2.6	1.9	3.6	10.9	4.9	223
Indian Health Service	2.2	1.1	0.6	0.7	1.1	31
Any other type of health insurance or health coverage plan	5.5	2.4	3.3	8.3	4.9	207
Any health insurance listed above [constructed]	75.8	79.4	83.9	94.5	83.8	3,584

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 15. Responses to overall financial questions (by gender)
Percent, except as noted

	Gender
	Male	Female	Overall	N
Which one of the following best describes how well you are managing financially these days?
Finding it difficult to get by	11.7	14.8	13.3	462
Just getting by	24.0	26.5	25.3	970
Doing okay	39.9	34.8	37.3	1,578
Living comfortably	23.1	22.9	23.0	1,088
Compared to five years ago (2008), would you say that you are better off, the same, or worse off financially?
Much worse	11.8	13.0	12.4	469
Somewhat worse	21.2	22.8	22.0	945
About the same	33.5	34.8	34.2	1,462
Somewhat better off	21.6	18.6	20.0	849
Much better off	10.1	9.8	10.0	368
During the next 12 months, do you expect your total income to be higher, about the same, or lower than during the past 12 months?
Lower	15.3	16.9	16.1	689
About the same	58.0	62.9	60.5	2,559
Higher	23.8	17.8	20.7	802

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 16. Responses to housing questions (by gender)
Percent, except as noted

	Gender
	Male	Female	Overall	N
Please select all the reason below for why you rent your home rather than own your home? (asked of renters)
It's cheaper to rent than own a home	25.4	20.7	22.8	232
It's more convenient to rent (for example, you can move easily)	25.7	23.3	24.4	259
I plan on moving in the near future	20.8	19.6	20.1	212
I can't qualify for a mortgage to buy a home	29.7	28.7	29.1	291
I can't afford the down payment to buy a home	45.0	45.6	45.3	444
I simply prefer to rent	20.1	19.2	19.6	207
I'm currently looking to buy a home	8.8	10.4	9.7	104
Other	6.8	10.6	8.9	112
Compared to five years ago (since 2008), do you think the value of your home today is higher, lower, or stayed the same? (asked of homeowners)
Lower value	46.1	44.4	45.2	981
Value has stayed the same	20.1	19.0	19.5	479
Higher value	27.4	26.5	26.9	599
Don't Know	5.5	9.5	7.5	148
In the next 12 months, how much, if at all, do you think that home prices in your neighborhood will change? (asked of homeowners)
Go down by more than 5 percent	2.8	4.0	3.4	92
Go down by 5 percent or less	4.8	4.9	4.9	122
Stay about the same	35.0	38.7	36.8	1,046
Go up by 5 percent or less	29.4	22.3	25.8	734
Go up by more than 5 percent	15.7	11.4	13.5	351
Don't know	11.7	18.6	15.1	377
Thinking about the past 12 months, did you want to sell your home, but did not or could not? (asked of homeowners)
Yes, I put it on the market, but could not sell it	2.2	1.6	1.9	45
Yes, I wanted to sell, but did not put it on the market	9.1	9.1	9.1	232
No, I did not want to sell	85.0	86.1	85.6	2,378
No, I was able to sell my home, or it's currently on the market	2.4	2.5	2.5	61

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 17. Responses to credit behavior and availability questions (by gender)
Percent, except as noted

	Gender
	Male	Female	Overall	N
In the past 12 months, have you put off applying for credit because you thought you might be turned down?
No	80.4	78.7	79.5	3,394
Yes	17.3	20.0	18.7	676
If you were to apply for a mortgage today, how confident are you that your application would be approved?
Confident	55.4	49.8	52.5	2,427
Not confident	26.9	31.0	29.0	1,056
Don't know	15.6	18.1	16.9	601
If you were to apply for credit or a loan today (other than a mortgage), how confident are you that your application would be approved?
Very confident	43.6	39.0	41.2	1,973
Somewhat confident	21.9	20.7	21.3	835
Not confident	20.4	24.0	22.3	787
Don't know	12.0	15.0	13.5	486
If you had to guess, how would you rate your current credit score (such as a FICO score)?
Poor	9.7	13.4	11.6	397
Fair	11.6	11.8	11.7	419
Good	15.8	15.9	15.8	607
Very good	21.7	20.8	21.2	950
Excellent	27.3	22.9	25.0	1,271
Don't know my score or how to rate it	12.1	14.1	13.2	446
In the past 12 months, have you always paid your credit card bills in full each month? (asked of respondents with at least one credit card)
No	41.1	44.8	43.0	1,366
Yes	58.2	55.0	56.6	1,886

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 18. Responses to savings behavior questions (by gender)
Percent, except as noted

	Gender
	Male	Female	Overall	N
In 2012, would you say that your household's total spending was more than your income, that it was about the same as your income, or that you spent less than your income?
Spending was less than income	38.2	37.2	37.7	1,622
Spending was same as income	38.7	38.2	38.4	1,589
Spending was more than income	20.1	23.2	21.7	850
If you were to lose your main source of income (e.g. job, government benefits), could you cover your expenses for 3 months by borrowing money, using savings, selling assets, or borrowing from friends/family? (asked of approximately one-half of respondents)
No	40.0	44.2	42.2	805
Yes	57.2	54.1	55.6	1,291
Have you set aside emergency or rainy day funds that would cover your expenses for 3 months in case of sickness, job loss, economic downturn, or other emergencies? (asked of approximately one-half of respondents)
No	54.4	61.3	57.9	1,055
Yes	42.8	36.1	39.4	899
Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense please select all that apply.
Put it on my credit card and pay it off in full at the next statement	29.5	26.0	27.7	1,288
Put it on my credit card and pay it off over time	16.9	17.0	16.9	704
With the money currently in my checking/savings account or with cash	39.4	37.9	38.6	1,740
Using money from a bank loan or line of credit	3.8	2.6	3.2	138
By borrowing from a friend or family member	11.1	12.4	11.8	411
Using a payday loan, deposit advance, or overdraft	3.4	3.8	3.6	117
By selling something	9.7	9.3	9.5	351
I wouldn't be able to pay for the expense right now	16.5	21.0	18.9	628
Other	1.8	2.5	2.1	86

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 19. Responses to education and student loan questions (by gender)
Percent, except as noted

	Gender
	Male	Female	Overall	N
Do you currently owe any money or have any loans that you used to pay for your own education?
No	72.0	65.5	68.6	2,977
Yes	14.8	16.7	15.8	568
Does not apply	11.6	16.6	14.2	537
Do you currently owe any money or have any loans that you used to pay for your own education, your spouse's education, your child's education, or your grandchild's education? [constructed]
No	75.6	75.9	75.8	3,177
Yes	24.4	24.1	24.2	957
Did you complete the most recent educational program for which you borrowed money? (asked of respondents with debt for their own education)
No	26.7	22.4	24.3	139
Yes	48.3	47.6	47.9	281
Still enrolled in the program	25.0	29.5	27.5	146
Overall, how would you say the lifetime financial benefits of your most recent educational program compare to the lifetime financial costs to you of this education? (asked of respondents with debt for their own education)
Much larger financial benefits than costs	25.8	22.1	23.7	128
Somewhat larger financial benefits than costs	22.4	14.8	18.3	106
About same financial benefits and costs	17.0	24.3	21.0	118
Somewhat smaller financial benefits than costs	15.0	9.1	11.8	69
Much smaller financial benefits than costs	19.9	29.1	24.9	143
Thinking about your current education and work experience, how confident are you that you have the skills necessary to get the kinds of jobs you want now? (asked of respondents who are not retired or disabled)
Very confident	31.0	23.8	27.3	829
Somewhat confident	40.6	37.8	39.2	1,126
Not confident	16.8	19.8	18.3	517
I am not currently in the workforce and I am not looking for a job	3.1	10.5	6.9	187
Don't know	6.3	6.7	6.5	162

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 20. Responses to retirement questions (by gender)
Percent, except as noted

	Gender
	Male	Female	Overall	N
How much thought have you given to the financial planning for your retirement? (asked of all respondents net yet retired)
None at all	22.6	27.6	25.1	656
A little	24.7	22.9	23.8	705
Some	22.4	22.8	22.6	752
A fair amount	16.1	15.3	15.7	591
A lot	12.6	10.3	11.4	423
Which one of the following best describes your plan for retirement? (asked of all respondents net yet retired who have done some planning for retirement)
I do not plan to retire	6.0	6.5	6.2	112
Work fewer hours as I get close to retirement	8.6	10.5	9.6	159
Retire from my current career, but then find a different full-time job	4.8	2.8	3.8	63
Retire from my current career, but then find a different part-time job	17.8	13.8	15.8	304
Retire from my current career, but then work for myself	11.2	8.5	9.8	171
Work full time until I retire, then stop working altogether	27.2	23.7	25.4	434
Keep working as long as possible	17.8	24.9	21.3	373
Other	6.3	8.1	7.2	140
What type of retirement savings do you have? (asked of all respondents net yet retired)
No retirement savings or pension	29.1	32.6	30.9	804
Social Security Old-Age benefits	38.3	34.5	36.3	1,318
401(k), 403(b), thrift or other defined contribution pension plan	45.2	42.2	43.7	1,508
Defined benefit pension through an employer	19.7	16.8	18.2	725
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)	23.7	22.3	23.0	874
Savings outside a retirement account (e.g., a brokerage account, savings account)	24.9	20.6	22.7	862
Real estate or land	13.0	9.6	11.3	463
Other	3.1	3.4	3.2	87
How are you planning to pay for your expenses in retirement? (asked of non-retired respondents who plan to retire and who have done some planning for retirement)
Social Security Old-Age benefits	46.3	43.0	44.6	1,553
I will continue working	25.6	21.6	23.5	758
Spouse/partner will continue working	8.2	9.3	8.8	296
Defined benefit pension from work	20.8	16.3	18.5	708
401(k), 403(b), thrift or other defined contribution pension plan from work	43.3	36.3	39.7	1,321
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)	22.8	21.4	22.1	809
Savings outside a retirement account (e.g., a brokerage account, savings account)	25.9	21.0	23.4	832
Income from real estate or the sale of real estate	10.0	6.7	8.3	296
Income from a business or the sale of a business	4.4	3.4	3.8	137
Rely on children, grandchildren, or other family	2.4	3.2	2.8	79
I don't know	21.3	27.8	24.6	631
Other	2.8	3.4	3.1	94
What sources are you (and your spouse/partner) using to pay for your expenses in retirement? (asked of all respondents who are currently retired)
Social Security Old-Age benefits	74.1	74.8	74.5	730
I have a job	6.0	5.6	5.8	64
My spouse/partner has a job	14.9	9.3	11.9	120
Defined benefit pension from work	46.7	42.3	44.3	470
401(k), 403(b), thrift or other defined contribution pension plan from work	20.9	16.4	18.5	210
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)	31.5	26.4	28.8	319
Savings outside a retirement account (e.g., a brokerage account, savings account)	32.5	30.8	31.6	335
Income from real estate or the sale of real estate	9.6	8.2	8.8	90
Income from a business or the sale of a business	3.3	1.9	2.6	28
Relying on children, grandchildren, or other family	1.5	2.3	1.9	16
Other	5.9	5.9	5.9	48

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 21. Responses to health insurance and health-care expenses questions (by gender)
Percent, except as noted

	Gender
	Male	Female	Overall	N
During the past 12 months, was there a time when you needed any of the following, but didn't get it because you couldn't afford it?
Prescription medicine (including taking less medication than prescribed)	11.9	17.7	14.9	532
To see a doctor	14.8	20.2	17.6	634
Mental health care or counseling	5.4	7.9	6.7	232
Dental care (including check-ups or routine cleaning)	22.4	28.9	25.7	972
To see a specialist (such as an OB/GYN, dermatologist, orthopedic surgeon, etc.)	7.6	14.9	11.4	427
Follow-up care (e.g., going to physical therapy sessions recommended by a doctor )	8.2	12.3	10.3	367
Any medical treatment listed above [constructed]	29.0	38.2	33.8	1,272
During the past 12 months, have you had any unexpected major medical expenses that you had to pay out of pocket (that were not completely paid for by insurance)?
No	75.7	73.2	74.4	3,060
Yes	22.6	26.1	24.4	1,035
If you were to have a major unexpected medical expense that you had to pay for out of pocket, how likely is it that you that you would be able to pay your medical bills?
Not likely	39.5	45.9	42.8	1,596
Somewhat likely	35.7	33.3	34.5	1,455
Very likely	23.1	19.9	21.4	1,041
Are you currently covered by any of the following types of health insurance or health coverage plans?
Insurance through a current or former employer or union (of yourself or a family member)	54.2	51.0	52.5	2,336
Insurance purchased directly from an insurance company (by yourself or a family member)	12.1	14.3	13.2	580
Medicare, for people 65 or older, or people with certain disabilities	20.1	23.1	21.7	1,041
Medicaid, Medical Assistance, or any kind of government-assistance plan for those with low incomes or disability	9.5	15.4	12.5	406
TRICARE or other military health care	4.4	2.8	3.5	161
VA (including those who have ever used or enrolled for VA health care)	7.7	2.3	4.9	223
Indian Health Service	1.3	0.9	1.1	31
Any other type of health insurance or health coverage plan	4.0	5.6	4.9	207
Any health insurance listed above [constructed]	82.8	84.7	83.8	3,584

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 22. Responses to overall financial well-being questions (by income)
Percent, except as noted

	Income
	Less than $25,000	$25,000- $49,999	$50,000- $74,999	$75,000- $99,999	$100,000 and greater	Overall	N
Which one of the following best describes how well you are managing financially these days?
Finding it difficult to get by	25.7	13.3	8.8	3.5	2.1	13.6	452
Just getting by	34.7	31.3	22.9	16.2	10.4	25.7	944
Doing okay	29.8	38.0	42.1	49.5	37.7	37.2	1,508
Living comfortably	9.2	16.9	26.1	30.8	49.2	23.0	1,043
Compared to five years ago (2008), would you say that you are better off, the same, or worse off financially?
Much worse	21.1	12.7	8.5	6.9	4.4	12.7	455
Somewhat worse	24.3	24.2	25.7	19.2	14.7	22.3	916
About the same	33.6	34.8	32.1	32.9	36.1	33.9	1,389
Somewhat better off	14.2	16.9	22.0	25.8	31.1	20.3	824
Much better off	6.0	9.9	11.6	15.2	13.8	10.2	359
During the next 12 months, do you expect your total income to be higher, about the same, or lower than during the past 12 months?
Lower	18.8	15.3	12.7	13.5	18.3	16.3	668
About the same	63.8	60.7	64.8	60.9	55.7	61.6	2,477
Higher	15.8	23.4	21.9	24.7	25.4	21.1	784

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 23. Responses to housing questions (by income)
Percent, except as noted

	Income
	Less than $25,000	$25,000- $49,999	$50,000- $74,999	$75,000- $99,999	$100,000 and greater	Overall	N
Please select all the reason below for why you rent your home rather than own your home? (asked of renters)
It's cheaper to rent than own a home	24.7	22.0	24.2	8.7	24.9	23.1	229
It's more convenient to rent (for example, you can move easily)	19.0	27.3	29.9	27.4	34.9	24.2	248
I plan on moving in the near future	14.5	22.6	27.3	35.4	22.9	20.0	205
I can't qualify for a mortgage to buy a home	35.5	30.3	23.8	18.4	10.2	29.8	290
I can't afford the down payment to buy a home	49.4	45.4	50.0	46.4	22.9	46.3	441
I simply prefer to rent	21.0	19.4	17.3	5.8	25.6	19.6	203
I'm currently looking to buy a home	6.7	12.1	13.2	14.6	11.7	9.7	101
Other	8.4	8.8	7.2	15.9	9.8	8.9	108
Compared to five years ago (since 2008), do you think the value of your home today is higher, lower, or stayed the same? (asked of homeowners)
Lower value	46.0	45.3	46.5	45.2	44.5	45.5	946
Value has stayed the same	14.8	22.1	22.5	15.6	22.0	19.5	463
Higher value	24.4	26.2	26.5	32.0	27.9	27.0	576
Don't Know	14.3	6.1	4.0	6.6	4.8	7.4	140
In the next 12 months, how much, if at all, do you think that home prices in your neighborhood will change? (asked of homeowners)
Go down by more than 5 percent	6.4	4.1	2.3	1.8	1.8	3.4	87
Go down by 5 percent or less	10.0	3.8	3.5	4.4	2.6	4.9	117
Stay about the same	32.0	41.8	41.4	37.9	33.2	37.0	1,010
Go up by 5 percent or less	13.9	23.6	26.8	33.7	36.2	26.6	722
Go up by more than 5 percent	11.2	10.1	14.2	11.9	19.7	13.7	341
Don't know	26.1	16.5	11.6	10.3	6.5	14.3	347
Thinking about the past 12 months, did you want to sell your home, but did not or could not? (asked of homeowners)
Yes, I put it on the market, but could not sell it	3.5	1.9	0.4	1.2	1.8	1.8	43
Yes, I wanted to sell, but did not put it on the market	10.6	12.2	9.2	6.0	7.6	9.3	227
No, I did not want to sell	82.7	83.9	87.8	90.3	86.9	86.1	2,291
No, I was able to sell my home, or it's currently on the market	2.0	1.8	2.5	2.5	3.3	2.4	58

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 24. Responses to credit behavior and availability questions (by income)
Percent, except as noted

	Income
	Less than $25,000	$25,000- $49,999	$50,000- $74,999	$75,000- $99,999	$100,000 and greater	Overall	N
In the past 12 months, have you put off applying for credit because you thought you might be turned down?
No	70.2	77.6	84.2	87.4	90.8	79.6	3,251
Yes	28.7	20.8	15.3	11.5	8.3	19.3	668
If you were to apply for a mortgage today, how confident are you that your application would be approved?
Confident	26.7	49.7	66.4	76.6	79.8	53.2	2,344
Not confident	42.9	35.4	23.9	15.8	12.7	29.8	1,037
Don't know	29.3	14.1	9.7	6.5	6.5	16.2	551
If you were to apply for credit or a loan today (other than a mortgage), how confident are you that your application would be approved?
Very confident	17.8	36.5	53.3	58.3	71.1	41.5	1,895
Somewhat confident	20.1	26.5	22.1	24.9	15.7	21.6	813
Not confident	36.6	25.5	16.1	11.3	8.1	23.0	776
Don't know	23.9	11.0	8.2	4.7	4.1	12.9	444
If you had to guess, how would you rate your current credit score (such as a FICO score)?
Poor	20.3	14.1	7.2	4.0	3.6	12.0	391
Fair	16.0	13.6	10.0	10.2	5.0	11.9	410
Good	15.2	19.7	17.9	18.2	10.8	16.2	597
Very good	11.7	22.3	29.0	25.7	27.9	21.3	907
Excellent	10.6	20.4	30.3	35.1	48.9	25.3	1,229
Don't know my score or how to rate it	25.5	9.3	5.2	5.7	3.7	12.5	406
In the past 12 months, have you always paid your credit card bills in full each month? (asked of respondents with at least one credit card)
No	48.7	49.0	42.4	41.4	34.1	43.4	1,337
Yes	51.2	51.0	57.5	58.6	65.9	56.5	1,808

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 25. Responses to savings behavior questions (by income)
Percent, except as noted

	Income
	Less than $25,000	$25,000- $49,999	$50,000- $74,999	$75,000- $99,999	$100,000 and greater	Overall	N
In 2012, would you say that your household's total spending was more than your income, that it was about the same as your income, or that you spent less than your income?
Spending was less than income	27.8	28.6	42.9	45.0	59.6	37.9	1,559
Spending was same as income	41.5	43.3	38.1	38.4	29.3	38.9	1,537
Spending was more than income	29.6	27.1	18.6	16.0	10.5	22.4	834
If you were to lose your main source of income (e.g. job, government benefits), could you cover your expenses for 3 months by borrowing money, using savings, selling assets, or borrowing from friends/family? (asked of approximately one-half of respondents)
No	66.8	46.6	30.3	29.6	15.4	43.1	792
Yes	31.6	52.3	69.7	70.1	83.9	55.9	1,253
Have you set aside emergency or rainy day funds that would cover your expenses for 3 months in case of sickness, job loss, economic downturn, or other emergencies? (asked of approximately one-half of respondents)
No	77.8	64.2	51.0	50.7	32.2	59.5	1,024
Yes	21.4	34.0	47.4	49.3	67.5	39.5	858
Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense please select all that apply.
Put it on my credit card and pay it off in full at the next statement	13.1	21.5	34.2	36.9	51.7	27.8	1,236
Put it on my credit card and pay it off over time	14.6	22.5	19.3	21.6	12.2	17.5	693
With the money currently in my checking/savings account or with cash	25.3	40.8	48.8	45.5	51.1	39.3	1,694
Using money from a bank loan or line of credit	1.9	5.0	5.1	4.3	1.4	3.3	136
By borrowing from a friend or family member	18.7	15.3	8.7	6.7	1.8	12.0	398
Using a payday loan, deposit advance, or overdraft	6.0	4.8	2.3	1.7	0.4	3.7	116
By selling something	15.8	11.2	6.1	5.0	2.9	9.7	345
I wouldn't be able to pay for the expense right now	38.2	17.9	10.3	6.5	3.0	19.4	616
Other	3.1	2.5	1.8	1.5	1.1	2.2	85

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 26. Responses to education and student loan questions (by income)
Percent, except as noted

	Income
	Less than $25,000	$25,000- $49,999	$50,000- $74,999	$75,000- $99,999	$100,000 and greater	Overall	N
Do you currently owe any money or have any loans that you used to pay for your own education?
No	60.0	72.6	69.9	73.6	80.9	69.5	2,886
Yes	16.5	14.6	18.5	18.6	13.2	16.1	553
Does not apply	22.5	12.2	10.1	7.4	5.4	13.6	489
Do you currently owe any money or have any loans that you used to pay for your own education, your spouse's education, your child's education, or your grandchild's education? [constructed]
No	80.3	76.6	73.1	65.0	72.6	75.2	3,028
Yes	19.7	23.4	26.9	35.0	27.4	24.8	931
Did you complete the most recent educational program for which you borrowed money? (asked of respondents with debt for their own education)
No	32.5	24.8	23.3	16.3	13.9	24.5	135
Yes	41.5	40.4	53.0	52.9	65.3	48.4	277
Still enrolled in the program	26.0	34.8	23.7	28.5	20.9	26.9	140
Overall, how would you say the lifetime financial benefits of your most recent educational program compare to the lifetime financial costs to you of this education? (asked of respondents with debt for their own education)
Much larger financial benefits than costs	20.2	23.4	26.1	26.5	28.4	23.9	126
Somewhat larger financial benefits than costs	16.1	13.4	21.0	30.2	15.9	18.3	104
About same financial benefits and costs	21.2	26.4	16.8	9.7	23.4	20.2	112
Somewhat smaller financial benefits than costs	11.5	10.1	11.1	13.5	14.9	11.9	68
Much smaller financial benefits than costs	31.0	26.4	24.2	20.2	17.5	25.5	141
Thinking about your current education and work experience, how confident are you that you have the skills necessary to get the kinds of jobs you want now? (asked of respondents who are not retired or disabled)
Very confident	22.1	22.2	27.0	29.5	40.1	27.6	804
Somewhat confident	33.2	44.2	40.6	45.1	40.1	39.8	1,090
Not confident	23.3	23.1	18.0	14.5	11.8	18.9	506
I am not currently in the workforce and I am not looking for a job	7.0	5.8	10.2	5.3	6.0	6.9	182
Don't know	13.7	4.4	3.4	4.3	1.4	6.2	145

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 27. Responses to retirement questions (by income)
Percent, except as noted

	Income
	Less than $25,000	$25,000- $49,999	$50,000- $74,999	$75,000- $99,999	$100,000 and greater	Overall	N
How much thought have you given to the financial planning for your retirement? (asked of all respondents net yet retired)
None at all	43.5	23.9	15.0	13.9	9.0	25.2	630
A little	20.9	24.7	31.9	27.0	19.6	24.0	682
Some	18.4	26.9	21.6	28.3	24.0	22.8	733
A fair amount	9.0	14.3	19.3	18.7	24.9	15.8	571
A lot	7.4	8.9	11.7	12.1	22.2	11.6	409
Which one of the following best describes your plan for retirement? (asked of all respondents net yet retired who have done some planning for retirement)
I do not plan to retire	10.3	6.9	5.1	3.7	3.9	6.2	107
Work fewer hours as I get close to retirement	8.0	10.1	13.3	10.5	7.8	9.6	154
Retire from my current career, but then find a different full-time job	6.1	2.4	2.7	3.0	4.4	3.9	62
Retire from my current career, but then find a different part-time job	8.1	17.8	14.8	21.0	19.5	15.9	297
Retire from my current career, but then work for myself	9.3	8.2	9.0	11.5	12.3	10.1	167
Work full time until I retire, then stop working altogether	14.6	19.5	30.7	30.3	35.3	25.7	424
Keep working as long as possible	28.0	27.7	18.1	15.6	12.6	20.7	356
Other	14.1	7.2	5.8	3.6	3.8	7.2	137
What type of retirement savings do you have? (asked of all respondents net yet retired)
No retirement savings or pension	54.1	32.1	18.2	12.9	9.8	31.0	776
Social Security Old-Age benefits	23.9	30.8	43.3	43.0	58.0	36.8	1,279
401(k), 403(b), thrift or other defined contribution pension plan	16.9	36.6	60.3	70.1	73.8	44.4	1,468
Defined benefit pension through an employer	6.8	13.6	22.0	29.0	36.6	18.6	712
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)	7.2	17.4	30.5	30.7	47.5	23.1	843
Savings outside a retirement account (e.g., a brokerage account, savings account)	7.5	17.9	26.3	35.0	47.9	23.1	841
Real estate or land	4.5	8.1	10.0	16.4	26.5	11.4	453
Other	4.3	3.2	2.4	3.1	3.1	3.4	87
How are you planning to pay for your expenses in retirement? (asked of non-retired respondents who plan to retire and who have done some planning for retirement)
Social Security Old-Age benefits	32.1	45.2	56.0	46.7	59.8	45.5	1,516
I will continue working	19.0	30.9	24.2	27.2	23.2	24.1	742
Spouse/partner will continue working	4.6	9.2	12.8	11.5	11.9	9.0	292
Defined benefit pension from work	6.4	12.3	22.8	28.5	38.5	18.6	690
401(k), 403(b), thrift or other defined contribution pension plan from work	14.0	34.3	53.2	66.6	68.6	40.5	1,286
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)	8.1	16.8	27.7	31.0	44.8	22.4	785
Savings outside a retirement account (e.g., a brokerage account, savings account)	8.8	21.6	25.6	31.3	47.1	23.7	810
Income from real estate or the sale of real estate	3.7	7.9	5.5	10.3	19.6	8.5	290
Income from a business or the sale of a business	2.4	2.6	5.3	6.4	5.9	4.0	136
Rely on children, grandchildren, or other family	2.9	3.3	3.9	2.1	2.3	3.0	79
I don't know	40.9	22.1	16.9	14.6	9.1	24.2	597
Other	3.6	3.7	2.6	2.1	3.1	3.2	92
What sources are you (and your spouse/partner) using to pay for your expenses in retirement? (asked of all respondents who are currently retired)
Social Security Old-Age benefits	77.5	75.2	78.3	75.0	71.3	76.0	702
I have a job	5.1	6.3	5.9	4.8	8.1	5.9	61
My spouse/partner has a job	5.9	8.4	13.4	13.9	29.5	11.9	112
Defined benefit pension from work	23.5	47.0	57.4	55.9	65.8	45.1	453
401(k), 403(b), thrift or other defined contribution pension plan from work	10.2	16.4	25.7	26.8	30.1	19.2	207
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)	17.5	27.9	37.1	43.1	41.0	30.0	312
Savings outside a retirement account (e.g., a brokerage account, savings account)	21.1	33.8	37.4	41.2	41.3	32.4	323
Income from real estate or the sale of real estate	5.4	11.2	10.4	11.2	10.8	9.2	88
Income from a business or the sale of a business	1.8	2.0	1.7	4.2	4.2	2.5	26
Relying on children, grandchildren, or other family	2.2	2.8	0.4	4.4	0.0	2.0	16
Other	5.9	5.8	7.3	8.7	3.7	6.2	48

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 28. Responses to health insurance and health-care expenses questions (by income)
Percent, except as noted

	Income
	Less than $25,000	$25,000- $49,999	$50,000- $74,999	$75,000- $99,999	$100,000 and greater	Overall	N
During the past 12 months, was there a time when you needed any of the following, but didn't get it because you couldn't afford it?
Prescription medicine (including taking less medication than prescribed)	24.9	17.6	11.5	7.0	3.8	15.4	527
To see a doctor	26.2	23.4	15.2	9.0	4.7	18.1	624
Mental health care or counseling	12.5	6.1	4.5	4.3	1.4	6.9	228
Dental care (including check-ups or routine cleaning)	38.3	32.8	23.1	14.0	7.3	26.5	955
To see a specialist (such as an OB/GYN, dermatologist, orthopedic surgeon, etc.)	16.3	15.2	9.7	7.7	3.4	11.8	420
Follow-up care (e.g., going to physical therapy sessions recommended by a doctor )	16.5	12.5	7.4	8.2	2.2	10.7	362
Any medical treatment listed above [constructed]	47.8	43.1	30.4	20.7	11.5	34.6	1,247
During the past 12 months, have you had any unexpected major medical expenses that you had to pay out of pocket (that were not completely paid for by insurance)?
No	72.7	75.1	74.4	72.0	78.0	74.3	2,927
Yes	26.6	24.6	25.6	27.2	21.8	25.2	1,018
If you were to have a major unexpected medical expense that you had to pay for out of pocket, how likely is it that you that you would be able to pay your medical bills?
Not likely	63.4	51.0	36.2	18.5	16.8	43.1	1,540
Somewhat likely	26.7	34.5	39.3	47.7	38.3	34.9	1,402
Very likely	9.1	14.1	24.4	33.0	44.9	21.6	1,002
Are you currently covered by any of the following types of health insurance or health coverage plans?
Insurance through a current or former employer or union (of yourself or a family member)	25.0	48.5	67.0	75.8	83.3	52.9	2,247
Insurance purchased directly from an insurance company (by yourself or a family member)	12.5	15.5	14.7	14.4	8.9	13.1	551
Medicare, for people 65 or older, or people with certain disabilities	28.2	22.6	19.9	18.4	12.4	21.8	998
Medicaid, Medical Assistance, or any kind of government-assistance plan for those with low incomes or disability	30.0	8.3	3.3	1.3	2.1	12.7	394
TRICARE or other military health care	2.3	3.9	4.7	4.4	4.5	3.7	159
VA (including those who have ever used or enrolled for VA health care)	6.4	5.9	4.0	5.3	2.4	5.1	220
Indian Health Service	2.4	0.4	1.3	0.1	0.0	1.1	30
Any other type of health insurance or health coverage plan	7.4	5.5	2.5	3.3	3.1	5.0	203
Any health insurance listed above [constructed]	74.4	81.0	90.1	95.6	96.3	84.6	3,453

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 29. Responses to overall financial well-being questions (by education)

Percent, except as noted

	Education
	Less than high school	High school	Some college	Bachelor's degree or higher	Overall	N
Which one of the following best describes how well you are managing financially these days?
Finding it difficult to get by	23.5	14.8	13.7	7.3	13.3	462
Just getting by	28.3	31.9	25.4	17.1	25.3	970
Doing okay	32.4	33.8	39.0	41.2	37.3	1,578
Living comfortably	12.9	18.4	21.0	33.8	23.0	1,088
Compared to five years ago (2008), would you say that you are better off, the same, or worse off financially?
Much worse	17.2	14.1	12.1	9.1	12.4	469
Somewhat worse	25.5	24.2	22.3	18.1	22.0	945
About the same	34.1	36.5	30.2	35.6	34.2	1,462
Somewhat better off	11.8	15.7	23.7	24.2	20.0	849
Much better off	7.2	8.1	10.2	12.7	10.0	368
During the next 12 months, do you expect your total income to be higher, about the same, or lower than during the past 12 months?
Lower	20.0	16.4	16.8	13.6	16.1	689
About the same	62.6	65.9	58.5	56.1	60.5	2,559
Higher	12.1	15.4	21.8	28.5	20.7	802

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 30. Responses to housing questions (by education)
Percent, except as noted

	Education
	Less than high school	High school	Some college	Bachelor's degree or higher	Overall	N
Please select all the reason below for why you rent your home rather than own your home? (asked of renters)
It's cheaper to rent than own a home	24.7	21.3	23.3	23.2	22.8	232
It's more convenient to rent (for example, you can move easily)	16.5	20.5	26.8	32.2	24.4	259
I plan on moving in the near future	13.1	18.1	20.7	26.9	20.1	212
I can't qualify for a mortgage to buy a home	32.1	29.5	31.6	23.6	29.1	291
I can't afford the down payment to buy a home	48.1	43.1	43.9	48.2	45.3	444
I simply prefer to rent	23.1	21.0	17.2	18.3	19.6	207
I'm currently looking to buy a home	8.1	8.0	10.8	11.6	9.7	104
Other	2.9	9.8	9.5	10.7	8.9	112
Compared to five years ago (since 2008), do you think the value of your home today is higher, lower, or stayed the same? (asked of homeowners)
Lower value	45.3	44.5	44.1	46.9	45.2	981
Value has stayed the same	11.4	19.9	21.0	20.0	19.5	479
Higher value	31.3	25.2	26.1	28.2	26.9	599
Don't Know	10.8	9.6	8.0	4.0	7.5	148
In the next 12 months, how much, if at all, do you think that home prices in your neighborhood will change? (asked of homeowners)
Go down by more than 5 percent	5.7	3.0	4.4	2.4	3.4	92
Go down by 5 percent or less	11.6	4.9	5.0	3.2	4.9	122
Stay about the same	28.1	40.6	36.9	35.5	36.8	1,046
Go up by 5 percent or less	13.2	19.5	24.0	35.6	25.8	734
Go up by more than 5 percent	11.6	10.6	15.2	15.2	13.5	351
Don't know	28.4	20.9	14.1	7.9	15.1	377
Thinking about the past 12 months, did you want to sell your home, but did not or could not? (asked of homeowners)
Yes, I put it on the market, but could not sell it	2.1	1.9	1.4	2.2	1.9	45
Yes, I wanted to sell, but did not put it on the market	7.3	10.8	9.6	7.7	9.1	232
No, I did not want to sell	82.6	84.3	86.2	86.8	85.6	2,378
No, I was able to sell my home, or it's currently on the market	4.7	1.6	1.8	3.2	2.5	61

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 31. Responses to credit behavior and availability questions (by education)
Percent, except as noted

	Education
	Less than high school	High school	Some college	Bachelor's degree or higher	Overall	N
In the past 12 months, have you put off applying for credit because you thought you might be turned down?
No	64.4	79.1	76.9	88.6	79.5	3,394
Yes	30.7	19.6	21.0	10.6	18.7	676
If you were to apply for a mortgage today, how confident are you that your application would be approved?
Confident	30.0	44.7	50.8	71.4	52.5	2,427
Not confident	37.1	33.1	31.9	18.8	29.0	1,056
Don't know	29.1	20.9	15.5	9.1	16.9	601
If you were to apply for credit or a loan today (other than a mortgage), how confident are you that your application would be approved?
Very confident	22.2	33.3	37.7	60.7	41.2	1,973
Somewhat confident	17.5	22.1	21.8	21.6	21.3	835
Not confident	32.0	26.0	25.3	11.5	22.3	787
Don't know	23.7	17.3	13.4	5.7	13.5	486
If you had to guess, how would you rate your current credit score (such as a FICO score)?
Poor	19.5	14.3	13.2	4.1	11.6	397
Fair	12.4	13.3	13.1	8.5	11.7	419
Good	14.9	17.2	18.4	12.3	15.8	607
Very good	10.5	18.5	21.5	28.1	21.2	950
Excellent	11.1	18.4	21.5	41.0	25.0	1,271
Don't know my score or how to rate it	28.1	17.2	10.9	5.3	13.2	446
In the past 12 months, have you always paid your credit card bills in full each month? (asked of respondents with at least one credit card)
No	48.6	46.3	48.1	35.3	43.0	1,366
Yes	50.8	53.1	51.4	64.5	56.6	1,886

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 32. Responses to savings behavior questions (by education)
Percent, except as noted

	Education
	Less than high school	High school	Some college	Bachelor's degree or higher	Overall	N
In 2012, would you say that your household's total spending was more than your income, that it was about the same as your income, or that you spent less than your income?
Spending was less than income	29.3	33.0	36.0	47.5	37.7	1,622
Spending was same as income	40.2	41.0	39.6	33.8	38.4	1,589
Spending was more than income	26.3	23.6	21.8	17.7	21.7	850
If you were to lose your main source of income (e.g. job, government benefits), could you cover your expenses for 3 months by borrowing money, using savings, selling assets, or borrowing from friends/family? (asked of approximately one-half of respondents)
No	65.8	51.3	41.9	23.4	42.2	805
Yes	29.6	46.6	55.8	75.5	55.6	1,291
Have you set aside emergency or rainy day funds that would cover your expenses for 3 months in case of sickness, job loss, economic downturn, or other emergencies? (asked of approximately one-half of respondents)
No	74.0	68.4	55.7	42.8	57.9	1,055
Yes	22.0	29.8	39.7	56.0	39.4	899
Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense please select all that apply.
Put it on my credit card and pay it off in full at the next statement	8.6	18.9	23.5	48.6	27.7	1,288
Put it on my credit card and pay it off over time	17.0	17.3	18.8	14.7	16.9	704
With the money currently in my checking/savings account or with cash	23.6	35.1	41.3	45.5	38.6	1,740
Using money from a bank loan or line of credit	4.2	3.4	3.3	2.4	3.2	138
By borrowing from a friend or family member	16.4	14.4	12.4	6.5	11.8	411
Using a payday loan, deposit advance, or overdraft	7.3	4.1	4.3	1.0	3.6	117
By selling something	14.7	10.5	10.2	5.7	9.5	351
I wouldn't be able to pay for the expense right now	35.6	25.9	17.7	6.0	18.9	628
Other	2.5	2.8	2.3	1.2	2.1	86

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 33. Responses to education and student loan questions (by education)
Percent, except as noted

	Education
	Less than high school	High school	Some college	Bachelor's degree or higher	Overall	N
Do you currently owe any money or have any loans that you used to pay for your own education?
No	65.7	69.2	67.8	70.0	68.6	2,977
Yes	8.0	7.6	19.3	24.0	15.8	568
Does not apply	23.2	22.1	11.0	5.6	14.2	537
Do you currently owe any money or have any loans that you used to pay for your own education, your spouse's education, your child's education, or your grandchild's education? [constructed]
No	85.0	85.3	72.1	65.6	75.8	3,177
Yes	15.0	14.7	27.9	34.4	24.2	957
Did you complete the most recent educational program for which you borrowed money? (asked of respondents with debt for their own education)
No	29.9	36.9	34.3	11.5	24.3	139
Yes	56.1	23.5	24.9	73.1	47.9	281
Still enrolled in the program	14.0	39.7	39.9	15.3	27.5	146
Overall, how would you say the lifetime financial benefits of your most recent educational program compare to the lifetime financial costs to you of this education? (asked of respondents with debt for their own education)
Much larger financial benefits than costs	30.2	15.3	27.5	22.7	23.7	128
Somewhat larger financial benefits than costs	19.6	20.7	14.5	20.3	18.3	106
About same financial benefits and costs	13.2	19.5	23.1	20.8	21.0	118
Somewhat smaller financial benefits than costs	6.6	9.0	8.8	15.7	11.8	69
Much smaller financial benefits than costs	30.3	35.0	26.0	20.0	24.9	143
Thinking about your current education and work experience, how confident are you that you have the skills necessary to get the kinds of jobs you want now? (asked of respondents who are not retired or disabled)
Very confident	21.5	20.7	25.0	36.8	27.3	829
Somewhat confident	30.1	39.1	42.2	39.4	39.2	1,126
Not confident	22.2	21.0	18.7	14.5	18.3	517
I am not currently in the workforce and I am not looking for a job	10.3	8.7	6.1	4.9	6.9	187
Don't know	12.2	9.3	5.6	3.3	6.5	162

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 34. Responses to retirement questions (by education)
Percent, except as noted

	Education
	Less than high school	High school	Some college	Bachelor's degree or higher	Overall	N
How much thought have you given to the financial planning for your retirement? (asked of all respondents net yet retired)
None at all	48.6	35.3	22.6	8.2	25.1	656
A little	21.0	22.8	25.4	24.2	23.8	705
Some	14.0	21.2	24.1	26.0	22.6	752
A fair amount	5.4	11.7	16.7	22.9	15.7	591
A lot	6.7	8.2	10.0	17.9	11.4	423
Which one of the following best describes your plan for retirement? (asked of all respondents net yet retired who have done some planning for retirement)
I do not plan to retire	11.5	6.9	6.4	4.9	6.2	112
Work fewer hours as I get close to retirement	12.3	12.0	7.2	9.4	9.6	159
Retire from my current career, but then find a different full-time job	8.9	3.4	3.3	3.6	3.8	63
Retire from my current career, but then find a different part-time job	17.4	10.9	17.0	17.6	15.8	304
Retire from my current career, but then work for myself	11.7	5.8	9.2	12.5	9.8	171
Work full time until I retire, then stop working altogether	9.6	26.4	24.7	27.9	25.4	434
Keep working as long as possible	18.5	24.3	22.4	19.2	21.3	373
Other	7.1	10.1	8.7	4.5	7.2	140
What type of retirement savings do you have? (asked of all respondents net yet retired)
No retirement savings or pension	52.8	38.2	31.1	14.7	30.9	804
Social Security Old-Age benefits	24.3	29.6	35.3	48.8	36.3	1,318
401(k), 403(b), thrift or other defined contribution pension plan	20.7	31.5	42.0	66.4	43.7	1,508
Defined benefit pension through an employer	6.3	12.2	16.9	30.1	18.2	725
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)	5.5	14.1	19.0	42.5	23.0	874
Savings outside a retirement account (e.g., a brokerage account, savings account)	7.6	14.1	21.3	38.6	22.7	862
Real estate or land	3.5	7.1	11.6	18.1	11.3	463
Other	2.1	4.1	3.3	2.7	3.2	87
How are you planning to pay for your expenses in retirement? (asked of non-retired respondents who plan to retire and who have done some planning for retirement)
Social Security Old-Age benefits	28.8	39.9	45.7	54.5	44.6	1,553
I will continue working	16.0	20.4	23.9	29.3	23.5	758
Spouse/partner will continue working	7.3	8.0	9.2	9.6	8.8	296
Defined benefit pension from work	8.3	12.4	17.5	29.6	18.5	708
401(k), 403(b), thrift or other defined contribution pension plan from work	17.6	26.7	39.7	61.6	39.7	1,321
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)	4.1	12.9	17.5	42.9	22.1	809
Savings outside a retirement account (e.g., a brokerage account, savings account)	6.0	14.5	21.4	41.1	23.4	832
Income from real estate or the sale of real estate	3.1	7.0	6.9	13.0	8.3	296
Income from a business or the sale of a business	3.8	2.6	3.9	5.0	3.8	137
Rely on children, grandchildren, or other family	2.9	2.7	2.6	3.1	2.8	79
I don't know	37.5	32.2	25.0	11.6	24.6	631
Other	3.7	3.2	3.3	2.7	3.1	94
What sources are you (and your spouse/partner) using to pay for your expenses in retirement? (asked of all respondents who are currently retired)
Social Security Old-Age benefits	83.4	76.1	69.8	74.1	74.5	730
I have a job	3.5	4.5	6.1	8.1	5.8	64
My spouse/partner has a job	17.6	10.4	8.5	15.4	11.9	120
Defined benefit pension from work	25.1	41.6	44.4	55.3	44.3	470
401(k), 403(b), thrift or other defined contribution pension plan from work	4.3	20.0	17.1	23.7	18.5	210
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)	14.0	26.7	27.9	38.3	28.8	319
Savings outside a retirement account (e.g., a brokerage account, savings account)	16.9	25.4	33.0	43.8	31.6	335
Income from real estate or the sale of real estate	5.5	9.5	9.8	8.0	8.8	90
Income from a business or the sale of a business	0.9	1.0	2.2	5.7	2.6	28
Relying on children, grandchildren, or other family	7.2	1.9	1.8	0.0	1.9	16
Other	2.9	4.4	8.0	6.6	5.9	48

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

Web Table 35. Responses to health insurance and health-care expenses questions (by education)
Percent, except as noted

	Education
	Less than high school	High school	Some college	Bachelor's degree or higher	Overall	N
During the past 12 months, was there a time when you needed any of the following, but didn't get it because you couldn't afford it?
Prescription medicine (including taking less medication than prescribed)	24.7	16.2	15.0	9.6	14.9	532
To see a doctor	25.6	18.0	19.1	12.5	17.6	634
Mental health care or counseling	9.8	4.5	8.4	6.0	6.7	232
Dental care (including check-ups or routine cleaning)	33.6	27.3	29.8	17.0	25.7	972
To see a specialist (such as an OB/GYN, dermatologist, orthopedic surgeon, etc.)	15.9	11.0	12.3	9.3	11.4	427
Follow-up care (e.g., going to physical therapy sessions recommended by a doctor )	15.2	10.4	10.9	7.7	10.3	367
Any medical treatment listed above [constructed]	45.9	34.9	36.0	25.5	33.8	1,272
During the past 12 months, have you had any unexpected major medical expenses that you had to pay out of pocket (that were not completely paid for by insurance)?
No	73.8	75.9	72.8	74.5	74.4	3,060
Yes	22.9	22.7	26.3	25.0	24.4	1,035
If you were to have a major unexpected medical expense that you had to pay for out of pocket, how likely is it that you that you would be able to pay your medical bills?
Not likely	60.9	50.6	43.2	27.1	42.8	1,596
Somewhat likely	27.2	34.0	33.4	38.9	34.5	1,455
Very likely	9.2	14.1	21.8	33.5	21.4	1,041
Are you currently covered by any of the following types of health insurance or health coverage plans?
Insurance through a current or former employer or union (of yourself or a family member)	27.0	44.0	51.4	72.7	52.5	2,336
Insurance purchased directly from an insurance company (by yourself or a family member)	14.2	13.9	13.0	12.2	13.2	580
Medicare, for people 65 or older, or people with certain disabilities	24.5	26.3	21.4	16.0	21.7	1,041
Medicaid, Medical Assistance, or any kind of government-assistance plan for those with low incomes or disability	30.5	16.7	11.0	2.6	12.5	406
TRICARE or other military health care	3.2	3.3	3.7	3.8	3.5	161
VA (including those who have ever used or enrolled for VA health care)	6.5	4.8	5.7	3.6	4.9	223
Indian Health Service	2.8	1.2	1.1	0.4	1.1	31
Any other type of health insurance or health coverage plan	6.4	6.4	4.4	3.2	4.9	207
Any health insurance listed above [constructed]	74.1	80.9	82.9	91.6	83.8	3,584

Note: Questions were asked of all respondents, except as noted.

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