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Availability of Credit to Small Businesses
September 2012

References

Adams, Robert M. (2012). "Consolidation and Merger Activity in the United States Banking Industry from 2000 through 2010," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2012-51. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Adams, Robert M., and Dean F. Amel (2007). "The Effects of Past Entry, Market Consolidation, and Expansion by Incumbents on the Probability of Entry," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2007-51. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, July.

Avery, Robert B., and Katherine Samolyk (2000). "Bank Consolidation and the Provision of Banking Services: The Case of Small Commercial Loans," Working Paper 00-1. Washington: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, December.

------ (2004). "Bank Consolidation and Small Business Lending: The Role of Community Banks," Journal of Financial Services Research, vol. 25 (April-June), pp. 291-325.

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Berger, Allen N., Lawrence G. Goldberg, and Lawrence J. White (2001). "The Effects of Dynamic Changes in Bank Competition on the Supply of Small Business Credit," European Finance Review, vol. 5 (1-2), pp. 115-39.

Berger, Allen N., Richard J. Rosen, and Gregory F. Udell (2001). "The Effect of Market Size Structure on Competition: The Case of Small Business Lending," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2001-63. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, December.

Berger, Allen N., Anthony Saunders, Joseph M. Scalise, and Gregory F. Udell (1998). "The Effects of Bank Mergers and Acquisitions on Small Business Lending," Journal of Financial Economics, vol. 50 (November), pp. 187-229.

Berger, Allen N., and Gregory F. Udell (1998). "The Economics of Small Business Finance: The Roles of Private Equity and Debt Markets in the Financial Growth Cycle," Journal of Banking and Finance, vol. 22 (August), pp. 613-73.

------ (2002). "Small Business Credit Availability and Relationship Lending: The Importance of Bank Organisational Structure," Economic Journal, vol. 112 (February), pp. F32-F53.

Bernanke, Ben S. (2010). "Causes of the Recent Financial and Economic Crisis," statement before the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, Washington, September 2, www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/testimony/bernanke20100902a.htm.

Bitler, Marianne P., Alicia M. Robb, and John D. Wolken (2001). "Financial Services Used by Small Businesses: Evidence from the 1998 Survey of Small Business Finances," Federal Reserve Bulletin, vol. 87 (April), pp. 183-205.

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2002). Report to the Congress on the Availability of Credit to Small Businesses. Washington: Board of Governors, September.

------ (2007). Report to the Congress on the Availability of Credit to Small Businesses. Washington: Board of Governors, October.

Bogoslaw, David (2009). "Peer-to-Peer Lending: Problems and Promise." Bloomberg Businessweek, April 6, www.businessweek.com/investor/content/apr2009/pi2009043_811816.htm  Leaving the Board .

Boot, Arnoud W. A. (2000). "Relationship Banking: What Do We Know?" Journal of Financial Intermediation, vol. 9 (January), pp. 7-25.

Brevoort, Kenneth P., and Timothy H. Hannan (2006). "Commercial Lending and Distance: Evidence from Community Reinvestment Act Data," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, vol. 38 (December), pp. 1991-2012.

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Cowan, Charles D., and Adrian M. Cowan (2006). "A Survey Based Assessment of Financial Institution Use of Credit Scoring for Small Business Lending," unpublished paper, U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, November.

Craig, Steven G., and Pauline Hardee (2007). "The Impact of Bank Consolidation on Small Business Credit Availability," Journal of Banking and Finance, vol. 31 (April), pp. 1237-63.

Critchfield, Tim, Tyler Davis, Lee Davison, Heather Gratton, George Hanc, and Katherine Samolyk (2004). "The Future of Banking in America: Community Banks: Their Recent Past, Current Performance, and Future Prospects," FDIC Banking Review, vol. 16 (3), pp. 1-56.

Dennis, William J., Jr. (2010). Small Business Credit in a Deep Recession. Nashville, Tenn.: National Federation of Independent Business Research Foundation, February.

------ (2011). Financing Small Businesses: Small Business and Credit Access. Nashville, Tenn.: National Federation of Independent Business Research Foundation, January.

------ (2012). Small Business, Credit Access, and a Lingering Recession. Nashville, Tenn.: National Federation of Independent Business Research Foundation, January.

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Group of Ten (2001). Report on Consolidation in the Financial Sector. Washington: International Monetary Fund, Bank for International Settlements, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, January.

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Mach, Traci L., and John D. Wolken (2006). "Financial Services Used by Small Businesses: Evidence from the 2003 Survey of Small Business Finances," Federal Reserve Bulletin, vol. 92 (October), pp. A167-A195.

Mandelbaum, Robb (various years). You're the Boss: The Art of Running a Small Business (blog), New York Times, posts tagged with "A.R.C. loan," http://boss.blogs.nytimes.com/tag/arc-loan  Leaving the Board .

Moody's Investors Service (2012). "US Commercial and Esoteric ABS 2012 Outlook," Structured Finance Special Report, January.

Ou, Charles (2005). "Banking Consolidation and Small Business Lending: A Review of Recent Research," Working Paper. Washington: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, March.

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Pilloff, Steven J. (2001). "Commercial Banking," in Walter Adams and James Brock, eds., The Structure of American Industry. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.

------ (2004). Bank Merger Activity in the United States, 1994-2003, Staff Study 176. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, May.

Rhoades, Stephen A. (2000). Bank Mergers and Banking Structure in the United States, 1980-98, Staff Study 174. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, August.

Samolyk, Katherine, and Christopher A. Richardson (2003). "Bank Consolidation and Small Business Lending within Local Markets," Working Paper 03-2. Washington: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, April.

Scott, Jonathan A., William C. Dunkelberg, and William J. Dennis, Jr. (2003). Credit, Banks and Small Business--The New Century. Washington: National Federation of Independent Business, January.

Seelig, Steven A., and Tim Critchfield (2003). "Merger Activity as a Determinant of De Novo Entry into Urban Banking Markets," Working Paper 03-1. Washington: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, April.

Strahan, Philip E., and James P. Weston (1998). "Small Business Lending and the Changing Structure of the Banking Industry," Journal of Banking and Finance, vol. 22 (August), pp. 821-45.

U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division (2009). "Annual Population Estimates," table 1, NST-EST2009-01 (December), www.census.gov/popest/data/historical/2000s/vintage_2009/index.html.

U.S. Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission (1994). Horizontal Merger Guidelines. Washington: DOJ and FTC.

------ (2010). Horizontal Merger Guidelines. Washington: DOJ and FTC.

U.S. Small Business Administration (2008a). "One Month LIBOR Plus 3 Percent Allowed as SBA Base Rate," SBA Procedural Notice 5000-1081 (November 14), www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/bank_5000-1081.pdf.

------ (2008b). "Initiative to Facilitate the Sale of SBA 7(a) Loans on the Secondary Market," SBA Procedural Notice 5000-1086 (December 17), www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/bank_5000-1086.pdf.

Last update: October 17, 2012

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