European Energy Import Dependency, Accessible Data

Figure 1. Time Series Chart of European Energy Import Dependency 1990-2023

Energy Import Dependency Ratio ( percent)

Date EIDR
1990 50.0
1991 50.5
1992 51.7
1993 50.3
1994 51.3
1995 52.2
1996 52.7
1997 53.6
1998 55.4
1999 55.0
2000 56.3
2001 55.8
2002 56.3
2003 56.9
2004 56.9
2005 57.8
2006 58.2
2007 57.2
2008 58.4
2009 57.2
2010 55.7
2011 56.3
2012 54.9
2013 53.9
2014 54.4
2015 56.0
2016 56.1
2017 57.5
2018 58.1
2019 60.5
2020 57.5
2021 55.5
2022 62.5
2023 58.3
2024  

A time series chart of European energy import dependency from 1990-2023, demonstrated as the energy import dependence ratio (EIDR) in percentages.

Source: Eurostat NRG_QUANTA.

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Figure 2. Trends in Gross Available Energy, EU, 1990-2023

Energy Usage in Terajoule (TJ, in million)

Year GAE (million terajoule)
1990 62.4
1991 62.1
1992 60.5
1993 60.4
1994 60.1
1995 62.1
1996 64.3
1997 64.0
1998 64.4
1999 63.8
2000 64.4
2001 66.1
2002 66.2
2003 67.8
2004 68.8
2005 69.1
2006 69.8
2007 69.0
2008 68.9
2009 64.7
2010 67.3
2011 65.3
2012 64.4
2013 63.7
2014 61.5
2015 62.3
2016 62.9
2017 64.2
2018 63.9
2019 62.9
2020 57.7
2021 61.2
2022 58.5
2023 56.1
2024  

A time series plot of EU energy usage from 1990-2023, demonstrated as gross available energy in terajoules (million).

Source: Eurostat NRG_QUANTA

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Figure 3. Energy Intensity, EU, 1995-2023

Terajoule per million Euro

Date enr_intensity
1990  
1991  
1992  
1993  
1994  
1995 7.4
1996 7.5
1997 7.3
1998 7.1
1999 6.9
2000 6.7
2001 6.7
2002 6.6
2003 6.7
2004 6.7
2005 6.6
2006 6.4
2007 6.1
2008 6.1
2009 6.0
2010 6.1
2011 5.8
2012 5.8
2013 5.7
2014 5.4
2015 5.4
2016 5.3
2017 5.3
2018 5.1
2019 5.0
2020 4.8
2021 4.8
2022 4.4
2023 4.3
2024  

A time series plot of energy intensity in the EU from 1995-2023 demonstrated in TJ per € million.

Source: Eurostat NAMA_10, Eurostat NRG_QUANTA.

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Figure 4. Trends in Overall Energy Production, EU, 1990-2023

Energy production in terajoule (TJ, in million)

Year Primary Energy Production (millionterajoule)
1990 31.1
1991 30.4
1992 29.9
1993 29.7
1994 29.2
1995 29.5
1996 30.3
1997 29.9
1998 28.6
1999 28.3
2000 28.3
2001 28.7
2002 28.9
2003 29.1
2004 29.7
2005 29.4
2006 29.5
2007 28.9
2008 29.3
2009 28.0
2010 29.1
2011 28.6
2012 28.9
2013 28.9
2014 28.2
2015 27.6
2016 26.9
2017 26.8
2018 26.7
2019 25.9
2020 24.0
2021 25.0
2022 23.6
2023 23.2
2024  

Trends in overall energy production in the EU from 1990-2023, demonstrated in million terajoules.

Source: Eurostat NRG_QUANTA.

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Figure 5. Breakdown of Energy Production by Source, EU, 1990-2023

Energy production in terajoule (TJ, in million)

Date Solid fossil fuels Peat and peat products Oil shale and oil sands Natural gas Oil and petroleum products
(excluding biofuel portion)
Renewables and biofuels Non-renewable waste Nuclear heat Heat
1990 12.8 0.2 0.2 5.2 1.7 3.0 0.2 7.9 0.0
1991 11.7 0.1 0.2 5.4 1.6 3.1 0.2 8.1 0.0
1992 11.2 0.1 0.2 5.3 1.6 3.2 0.2 8.1 0.0
1993 10.5 0.1 0.1 5.4 1.6 3.3 0.2 8.4 0.0
1994 10.0 0.2 0.1 5.2 1.7 3.4 0.2 8.3 0.0
1995 10.0 0.2 0.1 5.3 1.7 3.5 0.2 8.6 0.0
1996 9.8 0.2 0.1 5.7 1.6 3.6 0.2 9.0 0.0
1997 9.6 0.2 0.1 5.3 1.7 3.8 0.2 9.1 0.0
1998 8.7 0.1 0.1 5.0 1.7 3.9 0.2 9.0 0.0
1999 8.2 0.1 0.1 4.8 1.7 3.9 0.2 9.2 0.0
2000 7.9 0.1 0.1 4.7 1.9 4.0 0.2 9.3 0.0
2001 7.8 0.1 0.1 4.8 1.8 4.2 0.3 9.6 0.0
2002 7.8 0.1 0.1 4.7 2.0 4.1 0.3 9.8 0.0
2003 7.7 0.1 0.1 4.6 2.0 4.4 0.3 9.8 0.0
2004 7.6 0.1 0.1 4.9 2.0 4.7 0.3 10.0 0.0
2005 7.4 0.1 0.1 4.7 1.9 5.0 0.3 9.9 0.0
2006 7.2 0.2 0.1 4.6 1.8 5.2 0.3 9.9 0.0
2007 7.1 0.1 0.2 4.4 1.7 5.7 0.4 9.4 0.0
2008 6.7 0.1 0.1 4.6 1.6 6.1 0.4 9.6 0.0
2009 6.3 0.1 0.1 4.3 1.5 6.3 0.4 8.9 0.0
2010 6.1 0.1 0.2 4.6 1.4 7.1 0.4 9.2 0.0
2011 6.3 0.1 0.2 4.3 1.3 6.9 0.5 9.0 0.0
2012 6.3 0.1 0.2 4.2 1.3 7.7 0.5 8.7 0.0
2013 5.9 0.1 0.2 4.2 1.2 8.1 0.5 8.6 0.0
2014 5.7 0.1 0.2 3.6 1.2 8.2 0.5 8.7 0.0
2015 5.6 0.1 0.1 3.0 1.2 8.4 0.5 8.5 0.0
2016 5.2 0.1 0.2 3.0 1.1 8.6 0.6 8.3 0.0
2017 5.1 0.1 0.2 2.8 1.0 8.8 0.6 8.2 0.0
2018 4.9 0.1 0.2 2.5 1.0 9.2 0.6 8.2 0.0
2019 4.2 0.1 0.1 2.2 0.9 9.5 0.6 8.2 0.0
2020 3.5 0.0 0.1 1.7 0.9 9.8 0.6 7.3 0.0
2021 3.8 0.0 0.1 1.6 0.8 10.2 0.6 7.8 0.0
2022 3.9 0.0 0.1 1.5 0.8 10.2 0.6 6.5 0.0
2023 3.2 0.0 0.1 1.2 0.8 10.6 0.6 6.6 0.0
2024                  

A time-series breakdown of energy production by source in the EU from 1990-2023, demonstrated in million terajoules.

Source: Eurostat NRG_QUANTA.

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Last Update: April 16, 2025