The Fed Funds Market During the Quantitative Tightening of 2017-19, Accessible Data

Figure 1. Month-End Changes in EFFR

Basis Points

Date Month-End Change in EFFR
1/29/2016 -9
2/29/2016 -8
3/31/2016 -12
4/29/2016 -7
5/31/2016 -8
6/30/2016 -11
7/29/2016 -10
8/31/2016 -10
9/30/2016 -11
10/31/2016 -10
11/30/2016 -10
12/30/2016 -11
1/31/2017 -10
2/28/2017 -9
3/31/2017 -9
4/28/2017 -8
5/31/2017 -8
6/30/2017 -10
7/31/2017 -9
8/31/2017 -9
9/29/2017 -10
10/31/2017 -9
11/30/2017 -9
12/29/2017 -9
1/31/2018 -8
2/28/2018 -7
3/30/2018 -1
4/30/2018 -1
5/31/2018 0
6/29/2018 0
7/31/2018 0
8/31/2018 -1
9/28/2018 0
10/31/2018 0
11/30/2018 0
12/31/2018 0
1/31/2019 0
2/28/2019 0
3/29/2019 2
4/30/2019 0
5/31/2019 1
6/28/2019 2
7/31/2019 1
8/30/2019 1
9/30/2019 7
11/29/2019 1
12/31/2019 0

Note: Change in EFFR from the business day prior to month end.

Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Effective Funds Rate (EFFR).

Return to text

Figure 2. Change in Fed Funds Borrowing Volumes on Month Ends

$Billions

Date Banks That Regularly Reduced Borrowing Other Borrowers
1/29/2016 -2.6 11.7
2/29/2016 -2.1 -8.0
3/31/2016 -13.4 -8.2
4/29/2016 -4.3 0.3
5/31/2016 -7.0 -2.6
6/30/2016 -12.3 -2.9
7/29/2016 -4.6 4.2
8/31/2016 -0.6 -2.8
9/30/2016 -14.6 5.3
10/31/2016 -7.6 3.7
11/30/2016 -3.8 -0.1
12/30/2016 -13.9 -12.4
1/31/2017 -4.9 6.2
2/28/2017 -6.1 7.1
3/31/2017 -13.8 7.5
4/28/2017 -2.6 -2.7
5/31/2017 -3.3 -1.6
6/30/2017 -14.5 -0.4
7/31/2017 -4.0 -3.5
8/31/2017 -6.6 2.4
9/29/2017 -16.7 3.4
10/31/2017 -7.4 9.0
11/30/2017 -8.5 1.8
12/29/2017 -13.0 -6.7
1/31/2018 -5.1 16.8
2/28/2018 -5.6 6.3
3/30/2018 -6.3 10.7
4/30/2018 -2.4 -0.9
5/31/2018 -3.0 4.9
6/29/2018 -13.6 17.0
7/31/2018 -3.1 -5.0
8/31/2018 4.5 6.6
9/28/2018 -10.2 4.1
10/31/2018 -4.7 3.9
11/30/2018 0.0 6.9
12/31/2018 -9.7 -5.1
1/31/2019 -5.0 8.6
2/28/2019 -5.7 0.2
3/29/2019 -3.0 -0.2
4/30/2019 1.5 6.4
5/31/2019 -3.4 6.0
6/28/2019 -7.7 5.9
7/31/2019 0.8 -1.5
8/30/2019 -2.8 6.0
9/30/2019 -9.8 -19.0
10/31/2019 3.5 -4.5
11/29/2019 -2.3 6.4
12/31/2019 -8.4 -10.8

Source: Federal Reserve Board, Report of Selected Money Market Rates (FR2420) and author calculations.

Return to text

Figure 3. EFFR and TGCR Spreads to IORB

Basis Points

  EFFR-IORB TGCR-IORB
1/1/2016 -30 -18
1/4/2016 -14 -20
1/5/2016 -14 -20
1/6/2016 -14 -20
1/7/2016 -14 -20
1/8/2016 -14 -20
1/11/2016 -14 -20
1/12/2016 -14 -21
1/13/2016 -14 -21
1/14/2016 -14 -21
1/15/2016 -14 -20
1/18/2016 -14 -20
1/19/2016 -14 -21
1/20/2016 -13 -20
1/21/2016 -13 -19
1/22/2016 -12 -16
1/25/2016 -12 -18
1/26/2016 -12 -19
1/27/2016 -12 -20
1/28/2016 -12 -18
1/29/2016 -21 -16
2/1/2016 -12 -20
2/2/2016 -12 -19
2/3/2016 -12 -19
2/4/2016 -12 -18
2/5/2016 -12 -18
2/8/2016 -12 -19
2/9/2016 -12 -19
2/10/2016 -12 -19
2/11/2016 -12 -18
2/12/2016 -12 -19
2/15/2016 -12 -19
2/16/2016 -12 -18
2/17/2016 -13 -19
2/18/2016 -12 -20
2/19/2016 -12 -20
2/22/2016 -12 -21
2/23/2016 -12 -22
2/24/2016 -12 -19
2/25/2016 -13 -20
2/26/2016 -13 -22
2/29/2016 -21 -20
3/1/2016 -14 -22
3/2/2016 -13 -22
3/3/2016 -13 -21
3/4/2016 -14 -21
3/7/2016 -14 -22
3/8/2016 -14 -22
3/9/2016 -14 -22
3/10/2016 -14 -20
3/11/2016 -14 -20
3/14/2016 -14 -20
3/15/2016 -13 -19
3/16/2016 -13 -20
3/17/2016 -13 -20
3/18/2016 -13 -22
3/21/2016 -13 -23
3/22/2016 -13 -24
3/23/2016 -13 -23
3/24/2016 -13 -19
3/25/2016 -13 -19
3/28/2016 -13 -19
3/29/2016 -13 -19
3/30/2016 -13 -22
3/31/2016 -25 -20
4/1/2016 -13 -20
4/4/2016 -13 -20
4/5/2016 -13 -21
4/6/2016 -13 -21
4/7/2016 -13 -21
4/8/2016 -13 -21
4/11/2016 -13 -20
4/12/2016 -13 -21
4/13/2016 -13 -20
4/14/2016 -13 -20
4/15/2016 -13 -20
4/18/2016 -13 -21
4/19/2016 -13 -23
4/20/2016 -13 -23
4/21/2016 -13 -24
4/22/2016 -13 -21
4/25/2016 -13 -22
4/26/2016 -13 -23
4/27/2016 -13 -23
4/28/2016 -13 -24
4/29/2016 -20 -22
5/2/2016 -13 -23
5/3/2016 -13 -22
5/4/2016 -13 -22
5/5/2016 -13 -21
5/6/2016 -13 -20
5/9/2016 -13 -21
5/10/2016 -13 -21
5/11/2016 -13 -21
5/12/2016 -13 -21
5/13/2016 -13 -21
5/16/2016 -13 -20
5/17/2016 -13 -21
5/18/2016 -13 -22
5/19/2016 -13 -23
5/20/2016 -13 -24
5/23/2016 -13 -24
5/24/2016 -13 -22
5/25/2016 -13 -23
5/26/2016 -13 -24
5/27/2016 -13 -24
5/30/2016 -13 -24
5/31/2016 -21 -21
6/1/2016 -13 -22
6/2/2016 -13 -22
6/3/2016 -13 -22
6/6/2016 -13 -22
6/7/2016 -13 -21
6/8/2016 -13 -20
6/9/2016 -13 -20
6/10/2016 -13 -18
6/13/2016 -13 -18
6/14/2016 -13 -18
6/15/2016 -13 -17
6/16/2016 -12 -17
6/17/2016 -12 -19
6/20/2016 -12 -18
6/21/2016 -12 -18
6/22/2016 -12 -17
6/23/2016 -11 -15
6/24/2016 -10 -4
6/27/2016 -9 -7
6/28/2016 -9 -8
6/29/2016 -9 -12
6/30/2016 -20 -10
7/1/2016 -9 -14
7/4/2016 -9 -14
7/5/2016 -10 -18
7/6/2016 -10 -18
7/7/2016 -10 -18
7/8/2016 -10 -17
7/11/2016 -10 -18
7/12/2016 -10 -19
7/13/2016 -10 -19
7/14/2016 -10 -18
7/15/2016 -10 -18
7/18/2016 -10 -20
7/19/2016 -10 -22
7/20/2016 -10 -22
7/21/2016 -10 -21
7/22/2016 -10 -19
7/25/2016 -10 -19
7/26/2016 -10 -20
7/27/2016 -10 -20
7/28/2016 -10 -20
7/29/2016 -20 -17
8/1/2016 -10 -18
8/2/2016 -10 -18
8/3/2016 -10 -18
8/4/2016 -10 -17
8/5/2016 -10 -17
8/8/2016 -10 -18
8/9/2016 -10 -19
8/10/2016 -10 -19
8/11/2016 -10 -18
8/12/2016 -10 -18
8/15/2016 -10 -17
8/16/2016 -10 -17
8/17/2016 -10 -18
8/18/2016 -10 -18
8/19/2016 -10 -19
8/22/2016 -10 -20
8/23/2016 -10 -22
8/24/2016 -10 -20
8/25/2016 -10 -20
8/26/2016 -10 -19
8/29/2016 -10 -20
8/30/2016 -10 -20
8/31/2016 -20 -18
9/1/2016 -10 -18
9/2/2016 -10 -19
9/5/2016 -10 -19
9/6/2016 -10 -20
9/7/2016 -10 -20
9/8/2016 -10 -19
9/9/2016 -10 -17
9/12/2016 -10 -18
9/13/2016 -10 -18
9/14/2016 -10 -18
9/15/2016 -10 -17
9/16/2016 -10 -19
9/19/2016 -10 -22
9/20/2016 -10 -22
9/21/2016 -10 -22
9/22/2016 -10 -21
9/23/2016 -10 -19
9/26/2016 -10 -19
9/27/2016 -10 -13
9/28/2016 -10 -10
9/29/2016 -10 -8
9/30/2016 -21 -3
10/3/2016 -10 -16
10/4/2016 -10 -12
10/5/2016 -10 -13
10/6/2016 -10 -15
10/7/2016 -10 -18
10/10/2016 -10 -18
10/11/2016 -9 -19
10/12/2016 -9 -17
10/13/2016 -9 -16
10/14/2016 -9 -19
10/17/2016 -9 -18
10/18/2016 -9 -21
10/19/2016 -9 -22
10/20/2016 -9 -21
10/21/2016 -9 -23
10/24/2016 -9 -20
10/25/2016 -9 -21
10/26/2016 -9 -19
10/27/2016 -9 -18
10/28/2016 -9 -21
10/31/2016 -19 -18
11/1/2016 -9 -21
11/2/2016 -9 -22
11/3/2016 -9 -19
11/4/2016 -9 -20
11/7/2016 -9 -21
11/8/2016 -9 -21
11/9/2016 -9 -20
11/10/2016 -9 -18
11/11/2016 -9 -18
11/14/2016 -9 -20
11/15/2016 -9 -20
11/16/2016 -9 -22
11/17/2016 -9 -23
11/18/2016 -9 -24
11/21/2016 -9 -24
11/22/2016 -9 -25
11/23/2016 -9 -24
11/24/2016 -9 -24
11/25/2016 -9 -24
11/28/2016 -9 -24
11/29/2016 -9 -24
11/30/2016 -19 -24
12/1/2016 -9 -24
12/2/2016 -9 -24
12/5/2016 -9 -24
12/6/2016 -9 -24
12/7/2016 -9 -24
12/8/2016 -9 -24
12/9/2016 -9 -21
12/12/2016 -9 -21
12/13/2016 -9 -23
12/14/2016 -9 -24
12/15/2016 -9 -25
12/16/2016 -9 -24
12/19/2016 -9 -24
12/20/2016 -9 -25
12/21/2016 -9 -26
12/22/2016 -9 -26
12/23/2016 -9 -25
12/26/2016 -9 -25
12/27/2016 -9 -23
12/28/2016 -9 -21
12/29/2016 -9 -24
12/30/2016 -20 -25
1/2/2017 -20 -25
1/3/2017 -9 -25
1/4/2017 -9 -21
1/5/2017 -9 -23
1/6/2017 -9 -23
1/9/2017 -9 -24
1/10/2017 -9 -25
1/11/2017 -9 -24
1/12/2017 -9 -23
1/13/2017 -9 -22
1/16/2017 -9 -22
1/17/2017 -9 -21
1/18/2017 -9 -20
1/19/2017 -9 -23
1/20/2017 -9 -24
1/23/2017 -9 -25
1/24/2017 -9 -23
1/25/2017 -9 -23
1/26/2017 -9 -23
1/27/2017 -9 -23
1/30/2017 -9 -23
1/31/2017 -19 -21
2/1/2017 -9 -22
2/2/2017 -9 -23
2/3/2017 -9 -23
2/6/2017 -9 -23
2/7/2017 -9 -24
2/8/2017 -9 -24
2/9/2017 -9 -22
2/10/2017 -9 -23
2/13/2017 -9 -24
2/14/2017 -9 -24
2/15/2017 -9 -22
2/16/2017 -9 -24
2/17/2017 -9 -24
2/20/2017 -9 -24
2/21/2017 -9 -25
2/22/2017 -9 -25
2/23/2017 -9 -25
2/24/2017 -9 -24
2/27/2017 -9 -25
2/28/2017 -18 -23
3/1/2017 -9 -25
3/2/2017 -9 -25
3/3/2017 -9 -24
3/6/2017 -9 -24
3/7/2017 -9 -25
3/8/2017 -9 -25
3/9/2017 -9 -25
3/10/2017 -9 -25
3/13/2017 -9 -25
3/14/2017 -9 -23
3/15/2017 -9 -23
3/16/2017 -9 -24
3/17/2017 -9 -25
3/20/2017 -9 -25
3/21/2017 -9 -25
3/22/2017 -9 -25
3/23/2017 -9 -24
3/24/2017 -9 -23
3/27/2017 -9 -24
3/28/2017 -9 -24
3/29/2017 -9 -24
3/30/2017 -9 -23
3/31/2017 -18 -20
4/3/2017 -9 -24
4/4/2017 -9 -24
4/5/2017 -9 -23
4/6/2017 -9 -22
4/7/2017 -9 -22
4/10/2017 -9 -22
4/11/2017 -9 -23
4/12/2017 -9 -23
4/13/2017 -9 -20
4/14/2017 -9 -20
4/17/2017 -9 -19
4/18/2017 -9 -20
4/19/2017 -9 -23
4/20/2017 -9 -24
4/21/2017 -9 -24
4/24/2017 -9 -23
4/25/2017 -9 -23
4/26/2017 -9 -23
4/27/2017 -9 -22
4/28/2017 -17 -19
5/1/2017 -9 -22
5/2/2017 -9 -23
5/3/2017 -9 -24
5/4/2017 -9 -23
5/5/2017 -9 -22
5/8/2017 -9 -23
5/9/2017 -9 -24
5/10/2017 -9 -24
5/11/2017 -9 -23
5/12/2017 -9 -24
5/15/2017 -9 -23
5/16/2017 -9 -24
5/17/2017 -9 -24
5/18/2017 -9 -23
5/19/2017 -9 -24
5/22/2017 -9 -24
5/23/2017 -9 -24
5/24/2017 -9 -23
5/25/2017 -9 -22
5/26/2017 -9 -21
5/29/2017 -9 -21
5/30/2017 -9 -22
5/31/2017 -17 -20
6/1/2017 -9 -20
6/2/2017 -9 -21
6/5/2017 -9 -21
6/6/2017 -9 -21
6/7/2017 -9 -21
6/8/2017 -9 -20
6/9/2017 -9 -19
6/12/2017 -9 -19
6/13/2017 -9 -18
6/14/2017 -9 -17
6/15/2017 -9 -17
6/16/2017 -9 -17
6/19/2017 -9 -20
6/20/2017 -9 -22
6/21/2017 -9 -24
6/22/2017 -9 -24
6/23/2017 -9 -21
6/26/2017 -9 -22
6/27/2017 -9 -22
6/28/2017 -9 -22
6/29/2017 -9 -21
6/30/2017 -19 -16
7/3/2017 -9 -20
7/4/2017 -9 -20
7/5/2017 -9 -22
7/6/2017 -9 -23
7/7/2017 -9 -24
7/10/2017 -9 -24
7/11/2017 -9 -24
7/12/2017 -9 -24
7/13/2017 -9 -24
7/14/2017 -9 -24
7/17/2017 -9 -22
7/18/2017 -9 -23
7/19/2017 -9 -24
7/20/2017 -9 -23
7/21/2017 -9 -24
7/24/2017 -9 -22
7/25/2017 -9 -22
7/26/2017 -9 -23
7/27/2017 -9 -22
7/28/2017 -9 -23
7/31/2017 -18 -21
8/1/2017 -9 -23
8/2/2017 -9 -24
8/3/2017 -9 -24
8/4/2017 -9 -24
8/7/2017 -9 -24
8/8/2017 -9 -24
8/9/2017 -9 -24
8/10/2017 -9 -23
8/11/2017 -9 -22
8/14/2017 -9 -22
8/15/2017 -9 -20
8/16/2017 -9 -22
8/17/2017 -9 -22
8/18/2017 -9 -22
8/21/2017 -9 -23
8/22/2017 -9 -24
8/23/2017 -9 -24
8/24/2017 -9 -21
8/25/2017 -9 -22
8/28/2017 -9 -22
8/29/2017 -9 -23
8/30/2017 -9 -23
8/31/2017 -18 -19
9/1/2017 -9 -21
9/4/2017 -9 -21
9/5/2017 -9 -22
9/6/2017 -9 -23
9/7/2017 -9 -23
9/8/2017 -9 -23
9/11/2017 -9 -23
9/12/2017 -9 -23
9/13/2017 -9 -22
9/14/2017 -9 -21
9/15/2017 -9 -21
9/18/2017 -9 -23
9/19/2017 -9 -24
9/20/2017 -9 -24
9/21/2017 -9 -24
9/22/2017 -9 -23
9/25/2017 -9 -24
9/26/2017 -9 -24
9/27/2017 -9 -24
9/28/2017 -9 -24
9/29/2017 -19 -20
10/2/2017 -9 -23
10/3/2017 -9 -24
10/4/2017 -9 -24
10/5/2017 -9 -23
10/6/2017 -9 -23
10/9/2017 -9 -23
10/10/2017 -9 -23
10/11/2017 -9 -23
10/12/2017 -9 -23
10/13/2017 -9 -24
10/16/2017 -9 -22
10/17/2017 -9 -22
10/18/2017 -9 -22
10/19/2017 -9 -22
10/20/2017 -9 -21
10/23/2017 -9 -21
10/24/2017 -9 -21
10/25/2017 -9 -22
10/26/2017 -9 -21
10/27/2017 -9 -22
10/30/2017 -9 -23
10/31/2017 -18 -20
11/1/2017 -9 -22
11/2/2017 -9 -21
11/3/2017 -9 -21
11/6/2017 -9 -22
11/7/2017 -9 -22
11/8/2017 -9 -22
11/9/2017 -9 -21
11/10/2017 -9 -21
11/13/2017 -9 -21
11/14/2017 -9 -21
11/15/2017 -9 -18
11/16/2017 -9 -17
11/17/2017 -9 -19
11/20/2017 -9 -20
11/21/2017 -9 -22
11/22/2017 -9 -22
11/23/2017 -9 -22
11/24/2017 -9 -20
11/27/2017 -9 -21
11/28/2017 -9 -22
11/29/2017 -9 -24
11/30/2017 -18 -22
12/1/2017 -9 -23
12/4/2017 -9 -24
12/5/2017 -9 -22
12/6/2017 -9 -21
12/7/2017 -9 -21
12/8/2017 -9 -23
12/11/2017 -9 -23
12/12/2017 -8 -23
12/13/2017 -8 -22
12/14/2017 -9 -22
12/15/2017 -9 -20
12/18/2017 -8 -20
12/19/2017 -8 -20
12/20/2017 -8 -20
12/21/2017 -8 -18
12/22/2017 -8 -17
12/25/2017 -8 -17
12/26/2017 -8 -17
12/27/2017 -8 -17
12/28/2017 -8 -17
12/29/2017 -17 -12
1/1/2018 -17 -12
1/2/2018 -8 -16
1/3/2018 -8 -16
1/4/2018 -8 -15
1/5/2018 -8 -20
1/8/2018 -8 -21
1/9/2018 -8 -23
1/10/2018 -8 -24
1/11/2018 -8 -22
1/12/2018 -8 -20
1/15/2018 -8 -20
1/16/2018 -8 -17
1/17/2018 -8 -19
1/18/2018 -8 -21
1/19/2018 -8 -22
1/22/2018 -8 -23
1/23/2018 -8 -23
1/24/2018 -8 -20
1/25/2018 -8 -20
1/26/2018 -8 -20
1/29/2018 -8 -21
1/30/2018 -8 -21
1/31/2018 -16 -16
2/1/2018 -8 -21
2/2/2018 -8 -21
2/5/2018 -8 -21
2/6/2018 -8 -23
2/7/2018 -8 -23
2/8/2018 -8 -21
2/9/2018 -8 -21
2/12/2018 -8 -22
2/13/2018 -8 -21
2/14/2018 -8 -22
2/15/2018 -8 -16
2/16/2018 -8 -16
2/19/2018 -8 -16
2/20/2018 -8 -18
2/21/2018 -8 -20
2/22/2018 -8 -18
2/23/2018 -8 -17
2/26/2018 -8 -18
2/27/2018 -8 -17
2/28/2018 -15 -14
3/1/2018 -8 -12
3/2/2018 -8 -12
3/5/2018 -8 -12
3/6/2018 -8 -12
3/7/2018 -8 -12
3/8/2018 -8 -9
3/9/2018 -8 -10
3/12/2018 -8 -10
3/13/2018 -8 -10
3/14/2018 -8 -10
3/15/2018 -7 0
3/16/2018 -7 -3
3/19/2018 -7 -5
3/20/2018 -6 -3
3/21/2018 -6 -3
3/22/2018 -7 -11
3/23/2018 -7 -7
3/26/2018 -7 -5
3/27/2018 -7 -5
3/28/2018 -7 -5
3/29/2018 -7 4
3/30/2018 -8 4
4/2/2018 -7 2
4/3/2018 -6 6
4/4/2018 -6 -5
4/5/2018 -6 -5
4/6/2018 -6 -5
4/9/2018 -6 -5
4/10/2018 -6 -5
4/11/2018 -6 -5
4/12/2018 -6 -7
4/13/2018 -6 -7
4/16/2018 -6 -5
4/17/2018 -6 -5
4/18/2018 -6 -6
4/19/2018 -6 -8
4/20/2018 -5 -8
4/23/2018 -5 -8
4/24/2018 -5 -7
4/25/2018 -5 -8
4/26/2018 -5 -8
4/27/2018 -5 -7
4/30/2018 -6 -4
5/1/2018 -5 -5
5/2/2018 -5 -5
5/3/2018 -5 -5
5/4/2018 -5 -7
5/7/2018 -5 -8
5/8/2018 -5 -7
5/9/2018 -5 -7
5/10/2018 -5 -6
5/11/2018 -5 -5
5/14/2018 -5 -5
5/15/2018 -5 -2
5/16/2018 -5 -5
5/17/2018 -5 -4
5/18/2018 -5 -6
5/21/2018 -5 -9
5/22/2018 -5 -12
5/23/2018 -5 -12
5/24/2018 -5 -4
5/25/2018 -5 -5
5/28/2018 -5 -5
5/29/2018 -5 -5
5/30/2018 -5 -5
5/31/2018 -5 3
6/1/2018 -5 2
6/4/2018 -5 1
6/5/2018 -5 -3
6/6/2018 -5 -5
6/7/2018 -5 -6
6/8/2018 -5 -8
6/11/2018 -5 -9
6/12/2018 -5 -10
6/13/2018 -5 -7
6/14/2018 -5 -8
6/15/2018 -5 -8
6/18/2018 -5 -10
6/19/2018 -4 -11
6/20/2018 -3 -12
6/21/2018 -3 -12
6/22/2018 -3 -5
6/25/2018 -3 -6
6/26/2018 -3 -6
6/27/2018 -4 -7
6/28/2018 -4 -5
6/29/2018 -4 15
7/2/2018 -4 5
7/3/2018 -4 2
7/4/2018 -4 2
7/5/2018 -4 0
7/6/2018 -4 -5
7/9/2018 -4 -8
7/10/2018 -4 -8
7/11/2018 -4 -9
7/12/2018 -4 -8
7/13/2018 -4 -8
7/16/2018 -4 -3
7/17/2018 -4 -5
7/18/2018 -4 -8
7/19/2018 -4 -7
7/20/2018 -4 -9
7/23/2018 -4 -9
7/24/2018 -4 -6
7/25/2018 -4 -9
7/26/2018 -4 -6
7/27/2018 -4 -8
7/30/2018 -4 -9
7/31/2018 -4 -4
8/1/2018 -4 -9
8/2/2018 -4 -5
8/3/2018 -4 -12
8/6/2018 -4 -11
8/7/2018 -4 -9
8/8/2018 -4 -8
8/9/2018 -4 -5
8/10/2018 -4 -8
8/13/2018 -4 -6
8/14/2018 -4 -4
8/15/2018 -4 2
8/16/2018 -3 3
8/17/2018 -3 -5
8/20/2018 -3 -6
8/21/2018 -3 -7
8/22/2018 -3 -6
8/23/2018 -3 -3
8/24/2018 -3 -1
8/27/2018 -3 -1
8/28/2018 -3 -1
8/29/2018 -3 -3
8/30/2018 -3 -3
8/31/2018 -4 0
9/3/2018 -4 0
9/4/2018 -3 -2
9/5/2018 -3 -2
9/6/2018 -3 -4
9/7/2018 -3 -4
9/10/2018 -3 -3
9/11/2018 -3 -3
9/12/2018 -3 -3
9/13/2018 -3 -4
9/14/2018 -3 -4
9/17/2018 -3 2
9/18/2018 -3 -4
9/19/2018 -3 -5
9/20/2018 -3 -5
9/21/2018 -3 -5
9/24/2018 -2 -1
9/25/2018 -2 -4
9/26/2018 -2 -4
9/27/2018 -2 -5
9/28/2018 -2 4
10/1/2018 -2 0
10/2/2018 -2 -2
10/3/2018 -2 -2
10/4/2018 -2 -3
10/5/2018 -2 -6
10/8/2018 -2 -6
10/9/2018 -2 -7
10/10/2018 -2 -6
10/11/2018 -2 -4
10/12/2018 -2 -4
10/15/2018 -2 -1
10/16/2018 -2 -3
10/17/2018 -1 -3
10/18/2018 -1 -2
10/19/2018 -1 -3
10/22/2018 -1 -3
10/23/2018 0 -5
10/24/2018 0 -4
10/25/2018 0 -3
10/26/2018 0 -3
10/29/2018 0 -3
10/30/2018 0 -3
10/31/2018 0 -1
11/1/2018 0 0
11/2/2018 -1 4
11/5/2018 0 3
11/6/2018 0 2
11/7/2018 0 -4
11/8/2018 0 0
11/9/2018 -1 -1
11/12/2018 -1 -1
11/13/2018 0 -3
11/14/2018 0 -3
11/15/2018 0 6
11/16/2018 0 5
11/19/2018 0 2
11/20/2018 0 -2
11/21/2018 0 -3
11/22/2018 0 -3
11/23/2018 0 2
11/26/2018 0 -2
11/27/2018 0 -3
11/28/2018 0 -1
11/29/2018 0 3
11/30/2018 0 7
12/3/2018 -1 2
12/4/2018 0 3
12/5/2018 0 3
12/6/2018 0 11
12/7/2018 -1 8
12/10/2018 0 0
12/11/2018 -1 -3
12/12/2018 -1 -3
12/13/2018 -1 -2
12/14/2018 -1 -1
12/17/2018 0 8
12/18/2018 0 10
12/19/2018 0 9
12/20/2018 0 0
12/21/2018 0 -1
12/24/2018 0 1
12/25/2018 0 1
12/26/2018 0 3
12/27/2018 0 3
12/28/2018 0 5
12/31/2018 0 55
1/1/2019 0 55
1/2/2019 0 70
1/3/2019 0 30
1/4/2019 0 3
1/7/2019 0 -2
1/8/2019 0 0
1/9/2019 0 4
1/10/2019 0 1
1/11/2019 0 -2
1/14/2019 0 -2
1/15/2019 0 1
1/16/2019 0 -3
1/17/2019 0 -3
1/18/2019 0 -3
1/21/2019 0 -3
1/22/2019 0 -3
1/23/2019 0 -2
1/24/2019 0 0
1/25/2019 0 -2
1/28/2019 0 -3
1/29/2019 0 -3
1/30/2019 0 -4
1/31/2019 0 15
2/1/2019 0 4
2/4/2019 0 -2
2/5/2019 0 -3
2/6/2019 0 -5
2/7/2019 0 -4
2/8/2019 0 -5
2/11/2019 0 0
2/12/2019 0 -4
2/13/2019 0 -4
2/14/2019 0 -4
2/15/2019 0 1
2/18/2019 0 1
2/19/2019 0 -3
2/20/2019 0 -3
2/21/2019 0 -3
2/22/2019 0 -3
2/25/2019 0 -3
2/26/2019 0 -3
2/27/2019 0 -3
2/28/2019 0 15
3/1/2019 0 -4
3/4/2019 0 -4
3/5/2019 0 -4
3/6/2019 0 -4
3/7/2019 0 -3
3/8/2019 0 -4
3/11/2019 0 -4
3/12/2019 0 -3
3/13/2019 0 -2
3/14/2019 0 -1
3/15/2019 0 3
3/18/2019 0 -2
3/19/2019 0 0
3/20/2019 1 6
3/21/2019 1 2
3/22/2019 1 -2
3/25/2019 0 -3
3/26/2019 0 -3
3/27/2019 1 -2
3/28/2019 1 2
3/29/2019 3 18
4/1/2019 1 1
4/2/2019 1 3
4/3/2019 1 3
4/4/2019 1 3
4/5/2019 1 3
4/8/2019 1 3
4/9/2019 1 2
4/10/2019 1 2
4/11/2019 1 0
4/12/2019 1 0
4/15/2019 1 3
4/16/2019 1 3
4/17/2019 2 7
4/18/2019 3 6
4/19/2019 4 6
4/22/2019 4 3
4/23/2019 4 5
4/24/2019 4 1
4/25/2019 4 1
4/26/2019 4 5
4/29/2019 5 6
4/30/2019 5 35
5/1/2019 5 10
5/2/2019 6 11
5/3/2019 5 6
5/6/2019 5 5
5/7/2019 5 6
5/8/2019 4 5
5/9/2019 3 3
5/10/2019 3 1
5/13/2019 3 0
5/14/2019 3 1
5/15/2019 5 10
5/16/2019 4 5
5/17/2019 4 4
5/20/2019 4 1
5/21/2019 4 1
5/22/2019 3 -1
5/23/2019 3 -1
5/24/2019 3 -1
5/27/2019 3 -1
5/28/2019 4 3
5/29/2019 4 4
5/30/2019 4 4
5/31/2019 5 13
6/3/2019 3 2
6/4/2019 3 1
6/5/2019 3 1
6/6/2019 2 2
6/7/2019 2 2
6/10/2019 2 2
6/11/2019 2 1
6/12/2019 2 1
6/13/2019 2 -1
6/14/2019 1 -3
6/17/2019 3 3
6/18/2019 2 1
6/19/2019 2 -1
6/20/2019 2 -2
6/21/2019 3 0
6/24/2019 3 3
6/25/2019 3 5
6/26/2019 3 8
6/27/2019 3 5
6/28/2019 5 15
7/1/2019 4 3
7/2/2019 5 14
7/3/2019 6 20
7/4/2019 6 20
7/5/2019 7 23
7/8/2019 6 11
7/9/2019 6 10
7/10/2019 6 10
7/11/2019 5 5
7/12/2019 3 -1
7/15/2019 5 8
7/16/2019 6 9
7/17/2019 6 10
7/18/2019 6 9
7/19/2019 6 5
7/22/2019 5 3
7/23/2019 5 3
7/24/2019 5 5
7/25/2019 5 6
7/26/2019 5 5
7/29/2019 5 4
7/30/2019 4 3
7/31/2019 5 18
8/1/2019 4 9
8/2/2019 4 8
8/5/2019 3 2
8/6/2019 3 0
8/7/2019 2 -1
8/8/2019 2 -3
8/9/2019 2 0
8/12/2019 2 1
8/13/2019 2 6
8/14/2019 2 2
8/15/2019 3 7
8/16/2019 3 2
8/19/2019 3 0
8/20/2019 3 2
8/21/2019 2 -2
8/22/2019 2 -3
8/23/2019 2 -3
8/26/2019 2 -2
8/27/2019 2 4
8/28/2019 2 1
8/29/2019 2 1
8/30/2019 3 5
9/2/2019 3 5
9/3/2019 3 5
9/4/2019 3 10
9/5/2019 3 10
9/6/2019 2 5
9/9/2019 3 1
9/10/2019 3 3
9/11/2019 3 4
9/12/2019 3 8
9/13/2019 4 9
9/16/2019 15 32
9/17/2019 20 315
9/18/2019 15 40
9/19/2019 10 10
9/20/2019 10 5
9/23/2019 10 2
9/24/2019 10 14
9/25/2019 10 20
9/26/2019 5 2
9/27/2019 3 0
9/30/2019 10 55
10/1/2019 8 4
10/2/2019 5 2
10/3/2019 3 1
10/4/2019 2 -1
10/7/2019 2 0
10/8/2019 2 2
10/9/2019 2 2
10/10/2019 2 2
10/11/2019 2 2
10/14/2019 2 2
10/15/2019 10 15
10/16/2019 10 22
10/17/2019 5 13
10/18/2019 5 5
10/21/2019 5 3
10/22/2019 5 5
10/23/2019 5 4
10/24/2019 5 4
10/25/2019 3 1
10/28/2019 3 0
10/29/2019 2 -2
10/30/2019 2 0
10/31/2019 3 18
11/1/2019 2 0
11/4/2019 1 -1
11/5/2019 1 0
11/6/2019 0 -2
11/7/2019 0 -2
11/8/2019 0 -2
11/11/2019 0 -2
11/12/2019 0 -1
11/13/2019 0 -1
11/14/2019 0 0
11/15/2019 0 0
11/18/2019 0 -3
11/19/2019 0 -2
11/20/2019 0 -1
11/21/2019 0 0
11/22/2019 0 1
11/25/2019 0 -1
11/26/2019 0 -4
11/27/2019 0 -5
11/28/2019 0 -5
11/29/2019 1 7
12/2/2019 1 5
12/3/2019 0 -4
12/4/2019 0 -5
12/5/2019 0 -3
12/6/2019 0 -3
12/9/2019 0 -2
12/10/2019 0 -4
12/11/2019 0 -5
12/12/2019 0 -6
12/13/2019 0 -5
12/16/2019 1 5
12/17/2019 0 -5
12/18/2019 0 -5
12/19/2019 0 -5
12/20/2019 0 -6
12/23/2019 0 -5
12/24/2019 0 -5
12/25/2019 0 -5
12/26/2019 0 -6
12/27/2019 0 -5
12/30/2019 0 -4
12/31/2019 0 0

Note: Repo data for September 17, 2019, is truncated for scaling.

Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Effective Federal Funds Rate (EFFR), Tri-party General Collateral Rate (TGCR) and Interest Rate on Reserve Balances (IORB).

Return to text

Figure 4. Bill Supply and Money Market Fund AUM

$Trillions

Date MMF AUM (right scale) Bill Supply (left scale)
1/29/2016 3.04599 1.47793
2/29/2016 3.13123 1.55195
3/31/2016 3.05885 1.61796
4/29/2016 3.01451 1.52696
5/31/2016 3.03881 1.52396
6/30/2016 2.96669 1.50795
7/29/2016 2.98609 1.54993
8/31/2016 3.02191 1.63295
9/30/2016 2.90022 1.64696
10/31/2016 2.91200 1.75295
11/30/2016 3.00373 1.87295
12/30/2016 2.92254 1.81796
1/31/2017 2.93602 1.76198
2/28/2017 2.93592 1.75296
3/31/2017 2.91015 1.75696
4/28/2017 2.88727 1.74199
5/31/2017 2.93670 1.74796
6/30/2017 2.87822 1.71796
7/31/2017 2.93658 1.75796
8/31/2017 2.98607 1.74792
9/29/2017 2.99679 1.80194
10/31/2017 3.07766 1.85593
11/30/2017 3.08118 1.97091
12/29/2017 3.09628 1.95593
1/31/2018 3.10329 1.96694
2/28/2018 3.16865 2.07797
3/30/2018 3.05933 2.28897
4/30/2018 3.11465 2.16899
5/31/2018 3.11127 2.18398
6/29/2018 3.07686 2.15798
7/31/2018 3.16934 2.20590
8/31/2018 3.13809 2.34092
9/28/2018 3.12815 2.23994
10/31/2018 3.19092 2.25800
11/30/2018 3.24211 2.38910
12/31/2018 3.34361 2.33999
1/31/2019 3.35042 2.29906
2/28/2019 3.43935 2.39604
3/29/2019 3.52535 2.48003
4/30/2019 3.50258 2.38399
5/31/2019 3.59211 2.35395
6/28/2019 3.61399 2.25093
7/31/2019 3.70335 2.20590
8/30/2019 3.79880 2.33191
9/30/2019 3.88550 2.37696
10/31/2019 3.96056 2.45607
11/29/2019 3.99068 2.51513
12/31/2019 3.99999 2.41686

Source: Department of Treasury, Monthly Reports of Money Market Funds (N-MFP), and author calculations.

Return to text

Figure 5. FHLB Repo Lending

$Billions

  FHLB Repo Lending
1/4/2016 15.27
1/5/2016 15.42
1/6/2016 15.82
1/7/2016 15.82
1/8/2016 16.47
1/11/2016 15.82
1/12/2016 15.32
1/13/2016 15.32
1/14/2016 15.32
1/15/2016 15.32
1/19/2016 14.97
1/20/2016 14.97
1/21/2016 14.97
1/22/2016 15.72
1/25/2016 14.97
1/26/2016 14.72
1/27/2016 13.62
1/28/2016 13.12
1/29/2016 14.37
2/1/2016 13.42
2/2/2016 13.76
2/3/2016 14.51
2/4/2016 15.07
2/5/2016 14.81
2/8/2016 14.81
2/9/2016 15.31
2/10/2016 15.31
2/11/2016 16.06
2/12/2016 17.06
2/15/2016 17.31
2/16/2016 17.31
2/17/2016 17.16
2/18/2016 17.41
2/19/2016 17.21
2/22/2016 16.96
2/23/2016 16.81
2/24/2016 17.01
2/25/2016 17.26
2/26/2016 17.36
2/29/2016 18.36
3/1/2016 17.36
3/2/2016 17.61
3/3/2016 17.86
3/4/2016 18.36
3/7/2016 18.86
3/8/2016 18.86
3/9/2016 18.86
3/10/2016 19.26
3/11/2016 19.26
3/14/2016 18.31
3/15/2016 19.11
3/16/2016 18.91
3/17/2016 19.16
3/18/2016 18.11
3/21/2016 17.86
3/22/2016 15.56
3/23/2016 16.66
3/24/2016 16.56
3/28/2016 17.12
3/29/2016 17.12
3/30/2016 16.52
3/31/2016 17.52
4/1/2016 17.77
4/4/2016 16.86
4/5/2016 17.16
4/6/2016 17.16
4/7/2016 16.96
4/8/2016 16.96
4/11/2016 16.96
4/12/2016 16.96
4/13/2016 17.46
4/14/2016 17.46
4/15/2016 17.46
4/18/2016 17.46
4/19/2016 16.96
4/20/2016 15.91
4/21/2016 13.66
4/22/2016 15.21
4/25/2016 14.71
4/26/2016 14.46
4/27/2016 13.16
4/28/2016 13.16
4/29/2016 14.66
5/2/2016 14.06
5/3/2016 13.96
5/4/2016 13.96
5/5/2016 14.06
5/6/2016 14.56
5/9/2016 14.56
5/10/2016 14.66
5/11/2016 14.76
5/12/2016 14.76
5/13/2016 14.76
5/16/2016 14.76
5/17/2016 14.76
5/18/2016 14.76
5/19/2016 14.26
5/20/2016 13.76
5/23/2016 13.76
5/24/2016 14.01
5/25/2016 13.76
5/26/2016 12.26
5/27/2016 12.76
5/31/2016 15.01
6/1/2016 15.26
6/2/2016 15.06
6/3/2016 15.16
6/6/2016 15.01
6/7/2016 15.01
6/8/2016 15.01
6/9/2016 14.91
6/10/2016 15.66
6/13/2016 15.66
6/14/2016 15.66
6/15/2016 15.66
6/16/2016 15.66
6/17/2016 15.91
6/20/2016 15.91
6/21/2016 15.91
6/22/2016 15.91
6/23/2016 16.41
6/24/2016 15.16
6/27/2016 14.91
6/28/2016 14.66
6/29/2016 15.21
6/30/2016 15.66
7/1/2016 17.66
7/5/2016 15.96
7/6/2016 15.71
7/7/2016 16.71
7/8/2016 16.96
7/11/2016 16.96
7/12/2016 16.76
7/13/2016 16.46
7/14/2016 16.76
7/15/2016 16.76
7/18/2016 16.76
7/19/2016 14.96
7/20/2016 15.21
7/21/2016 15.06
7/22/2016 15.06
7/25/2016 16.56
7/26/2016 16.56
7/27/2016 16.51
7/28/2016 16.66
7/29/2016 16.86
8/1/2016 16.46
8/2/2016 16.71
8/3/2016 16.71
8/4/2016 17.21
8/5/2016 17.21
8/8/2016 17.21
8/9/2016 17.36
8/10/2016 17.26
8/11/2016 17.26
8/12/2016 17.16
8/15/2016 17.16
8/16/2016 17.16
8/17/2016 16.96
8/18/2016 17.21
8/19/2016 17.46
8/22/2016 17.46
8/23/2016 17.46
8/24/2016 17.71
8/25/2016 17.96
8/26/2016 18.46
8/29/2016 18.46
8/30/2016 18.46
8/31/2016 18.76
9/1/2016 17.96
9/2/2016 18.16
9/6/2016 18.16
9/7/2016 17.91
9/8/2016 17.16
9/9/2016 17.16
9/12/2016 17.16
9/13/2016 17.16
9/14/2016 17.16
9/15/2016 17.06
9/16/2016 17.06
9/19/2016 17.06
9/20/2016 17.06
9/21/2016 17.36
9/22/2016 16.71
9/23/2016 16.71
9/26/2016 16.71
9/27/2016 16.61
9/28/2016 16.61
9/29/2016 16.61
9/30/2016 16.61
10/3/2016 18.71
10/4/2016 16.71
10/5/2016 16.91
10/6/2016 16.81
10/7/2016 16.71
10/11/2016 16.71
10/12/2016 16.71
10/13/2016 17.21
10/14/2016 17.31
10/17/2016 17.31
10/18/2016 14.81
10/19/2016 15.61
10/20/2016 15.61
10/21/2016 16.51
10/24/2016 14.66
10/25/2016 15.66
10/26/2016 16.26
10/27/2016 17.11
10/28/2016 16.86
10/31/2016 17.11
11/1/2016 17.26
11/2/2016 17.261
11/3/2016 17.91
11/4/2016 18.16
11/7/2016 18.16
11/8/2016 18.41
11/9/2016 18.41
11/10/2016 18.41
11/14/2016 18.31
11/15/2016 18.31
11/16/2016 18.31
11/17/2016 16.71
11/18/2016 16.41
11/21/2016 18.41
11/22/2016 18.91
11/23/2016 20.91
11/25/2016 20.91
11/28/2016 20.41
11/29/2016 18.41
11/30/2016 23.65
12/1/2016 23.9
12/2/2016 22.9
12/5/2016 22.9
12/6/2016 23.4
12/7/2016 22.9
12/8/2016 22.4
12/9/2016 23.15
12/12/2016 23.9
12/13/2016 13.95
12/14/2016 13.7
12/15/2016 14.2
12/16/2016 14.2
12/19/2016 13.95
12/20/2016 13.45
12/21/2016 14.7
12/22/2016 13.95
12/23/2016 14.1
12/27/2016 14.1
12/28/2016 14.6
12/29/2016 14.6
12/30/2016 14.6
1/3/2017 19.3
1/4/2017 19.4
1/5/2017 20.1
1/6/2017 15.11
1/9/2017 14.86
1/10/2017 14.61
1/11/2017 14.61
1/12/2017 14.61
1/13/2017 15.16
1/17/2017 15.66
1/18/2017 15.46
1/19/2017 14.66
1/20/2017 14.66
1/23/2017 14.66
1/24/2017 15.16
1/25/2017 15.16
1/26/2017 15.16
1/27/2017 15.91
1/30/2017 15.76
1/31/2017 17.26
2/1/2017 16.41
2/2/2017 16.41
2/3/2017 16.41
2/6/2017 16.41
2/7/2017 15.91
2/8/2017 16.16
2/9/2017 16.61
2/10/2017 16.86
2/13/2017 16.41
2/14/2017 17.11
2/15/2017 16.91
2/16/2017 16.41
2/17/2017 16.41
2/21/2017 16.41
2/22/2017 16.41
2/23/2017 16.11
2/24/2017 15.81
2/27/2017 15.81
2/28/2017 18.31
3/1/2017 16.26
3/2/2017 16.26
3/3/2017 16.26
3/6/2017 16.01
3/7/2017 16.01
3/8/2017 16.51
3/9/2017 17.31
3/10/2017 17.61
3/13/2017 17.61
3/14/2017 17.91
3/15/2017 17.66
3/16/2017 17.66
3/17/2017 17.41
3/20/2017 17.41
3/21/2017 16.91
3/22/2017 15.91
3/23/2017 15.66
3/24/2017 15.36
3/27/2017 17.11
3/28/2017 14.86
3/29/2017 14.86
3/30/2017 15.01
3/31/2017 16.26
4/3/2017 17.11
4/4/2017 14.91
4/5/2017 14.91
4/6/2017 15.41
4/7/2017 15.51
4/10/2017 15.01
4/11/2017 15.55
4/12/2017 16.1
4/13/2017 15.35
4/17/2017 16.31
4/18/2017 14.06
4/19/2017 14.56
4/20/2017 12.91
4/21/2017 12.91
4/24/2017 13.41
4/25/2017 13.41
4/26/2017 13.66
4/27/2017 16.16
4/28/2017 17.06
5/1/2017 12.96
5/2/2017 13.01
5/3/2017 12.11
5/4/2017 12.51
5/5/2017 12.26
5/8/2017 12.01
5/9/2017 11.61
5/10/2017 11.61
5/11/2017 11.61
5/12/2017 11.605
5/15/2017 12.105
5/16/2017 11.605
5/17/2017 13.255
5/18/2017 11.755
5/19/2017 11.505
5/22/2017 11.505
5/23/2017 11.505
5/24/2017 11.755
5/25/2017 12.605
5/26/2017 15.005
5/30/2017 16.405
5/31/2017 16.505
6/1/2017 14.505
6/2/2017 14.255
6/5/2017 13.255
6/6/2017 13.255
6/7/2017 13.255
6/8/2017 13.405
6/9/2017 13.405
6/12/2017 15.655
6/13/2017 15.755
6/14/2017 14.845
6/15/2017 15.755
6/16/2017 13.755
6/19/2017 13.405
6/20/2017 12.405
6/21/2017 11.655
6/22/2017 11.655
6/23/2017 13.405
6/26/2017 13.405
6/27/2017 13.405
6/28/2017 13.87
6/29/2017 14.52
6/30/2017 15.275
7/3/2017 16.8
7/5/2017 14.65
7/6/2017 14.65
7/7/2017 14.65
7/10/2017 13.65
7/11/2017 13.65
7/12/2017 13.85
7/13/2017 14.15
7/14/2017 14.3
7/17/2017 14.3
7/18/2017 14.25
7/19/2017 14.25
7/20/2017 14.25
7/21/2017 14.25
7/24/2017 14.75
7/25/2017 15.25
7/26/2017 15.5
7/27/2017 15.75
7/28/2017 15.75
7/31/2017 17.2
8/1/2017 15.75
8/2/2017 15.75
8/3/2017 15.65
8/4/2017 16.15
8/7/2017 16.65
8/8/2017 16.2
8/9/2017 16.4
8/10/2017 17.9
8/11/2017 18.25
8/14/2017 18.75
8/15/2017 20.55
8/16/2017 19.8
8/17/2017 19.6
8/18/2017 19.2
8/21/2017 18.2
8/22/2017 18.2
8/23/2017 18.65
8/24/2017 19.4
8/25/2017 19.4
8/28/2017 19.4
8/29/2017 19.4
8/30/2017 19.4
8/31/2017 19.6
9/1/2017 19.4
9/5/2017 19.6
9/6/2017 19.4
9/7/2017 19.4
9/8/2017 19.4
9/11/2017 19.4
9/12/2017 19.4
9/13/2017 19.4
9/14/2017 19.6
9/15/2017 19.6
9/18/2017 19.4
9/19/2017 18.4
9/20/2017 15.45
9/21/2017 18.15
9/22/2017 17.65
9/25/2017 17.65
9/26/2017 17.15
9/27/2017 16.4
9/28/2017 16.65
9/29/2017 19.7
10/2/2017 17.2
10/3/2017 16.2
10/4/2017 16.95
10/5/2017 16.95
10/6/2017 16.95
10/10/2017 17.2
10/11/2017 17.2
10/12/2017 16.7
10/13/2017 16.2
10/16/2017 16.2
10/17/2017 16.2
10/18/2017 15.45
10/19/2017 14.7
10/20/2017 14.95
10/23/2017 14.95
10/24/2017 14.95
10/25/2017 14.95
10/26/2017 14.7
10/27/2017 14.7
10/30/2017 14.7
10/31/2017 16.95
11/1/2017 14.7
11/2/2017 14.95
11/3/2017 15.15
11/6/2017 14.95
11/7/2017 14.95
11/8/2017 14.95
11/9/2017 14.95
11/10/2017 15.15
11/13/2017 15.25
11/14/2017 15.45
11/15/2017 14.95
11/16/2017 14.55
11/17/2017 14.95
11/20/2017 14.95
11/21/2017 14.7
11/22/2017 14.7
11/24/2017 14.95
11/27/2017 14.7
11/28/2017 14.7
11/29/2017 14.45
11/30/2017 15.2
12/1/2017 13.7
12/4/2017 12.7
12/5/2017 12.7
12/6/2017 14.2
12/7/2017 13.7
12/8/2017 13.9
12/11/2017 13.95
12/12/2017 13.7
12/13/2017 13.7
12/14/2017 14.45
12/15/2017 14.7
12/18/2017 14.3
12/19/2017 14.5
12/20/2017 14
12/21/2017 14
12/22/2017 13.75
12/26/2017 13.7
12/27/2017 13.375
12/28/2017 13.9
12/29/2017 15.45
1/2/2018 14.9
1/3/2018 13.2
1/4/2018 13.65
1/5/2018 13.65
1/8/2018 14.4
1/9/2018 14.15
1/10/2018 14.15
1/11/2018 14.15
1/12/2018 14.4
1/16/2018 14.4
1/17/2018 14.4
1/18/2018 14.4
1/19/2018 14.15
1/22/2018 14.15
1/23/2018 14.15
1/24/2018 14.4
1/25/2018 14.4
1/26/2018 14.4
1/29/2018 14.4
1/30/2018 14.4
1/31/2018 15.9
2/1/2018 14.4
2/2/2018 14.4
2/5/2018 14.15
2/6/2018 14.15
2/7/2018 14.15
2/8/2018 14.4
2/9/2018 14.4
2/12/2018 14.4
2/13/2018 14.15
2/14/2018 14.4
2/15/2018 14.4
2/16/2018 14.4
2/20/2018 14.4
2/21/2018 14.15
2/22/2018 14.15
2/23/2018 14.15
2/26/2018 15.15
2/27/2018 15.65
2/28/2018 17.35
3/1/2018 19.6
3/2/2018 19.8
3/5/2018 21
3/6/2018 21
3/7/2018 21.5
3/8/2018 21.5
3/9/2018 20.35
3/12/2018 21.8
3/13/2018 20.85
3/14/2018 20.85
3/15/2018 21.65
3/16/2018 21.4
3/19/2018 22.4
3/20/2018 22.5
3/21/2018 22.5
3/22/2018 21.75
3/23/2018 21.25
3/26/2018 21.25
3/27/2018 21.5
3/28/2018 22.2
3/29/2018 22.75
4/2/2018 24.25
4/3/2018 23.25
4/4/2018 22.25
4/5/2018 22.25
4/6/2018 23.25
4/9/2018 24
4/10/2018 24
4/11/2018 24
4/12/2018 23.5
4/13/2018 23.75
4/16/2018 23.5
4/17/2018 23
4/18/2018 22.05
4/19/2018 23
4/20/2018 22.05
4/23/2018 21.8
4/24/2018 21.05
4/25/2018 21.3
4/26/2018 22.05
4/27/2018 22.3
4/30/2018 22.8
5/1/2018 21.8
5/2/2018 20.8
5/3/2018 21.1
5/4/2018 22.8
5/7/2018 22.85
5/8/2018 23.3
5/9/2018 23.1
5/10/2018 23.6
5/11/2018 24.6
5/14/2018 25.1
5/15/2018 25.101
5/16/2018 25.6
5/17/2018 26.1
5/18/2018 26.1
5/21/2018 23.35
5/22/2018 20.85
5/23/2018 22.85
5/24/2018 25.85
5/25/2018 24.6
5/29/2018 22.845
5/30/2018 25.345
5/31/2018 26.295
6/1/2018 26.595
6/4/2018 26.595
6/5/2018 27.095
6/6/2018 26.995
6/7/2018 26.995
6/8/2018 25.995
6/11/2018 25.995
6/12/2018 25.595
6/13/2018 26.295
6/14/2018 24.895
6/15/2018 23.645
6/18/2018 23.645
6/19/2018 24.045
6/20/2018 22.045
6/21/2018 20.095
6/22/2018 19.945
6/25/2018 20.695
6/26/2018 20.695
6/27/2018 21.945
6/28/2018 22.695
6/29/2018 25.545
7/2/2018 27.695
7/3/2018 26.995
7/5/2018 27.045
7/6/2018 27.045
7/9/2018 24.695
7/10/2018 24.195
7/11/2018 24.445
7/12/2018 24.195
7/13/2018 23.945
7/16/2018 25.445
7/17/2018 26.045
7/18/2018 25.944
7/19/2018 26.444
7/20/2018 26.444
7/23/2018 26.694
7/24/2018 27.194
7/25/2018 27.694
7/26/2018 27.694
7/27/2018 26.194
7/30/2018 26.694
7/31/2018 27.694
8/1/2018 27.694
8/2/2018 28.244
8/3/2018 26.944
8/6/2018 25.444
8/7/2018 27.444
8/8/2018 27.444
8/9/2018 27.944
8/10/2018 27.444
8/13/2018 27.444
8/14/2018 26.944
8/15/2018 26.894
8/16/2018 28.194
8/17/2018 29.194
8/20/2018 27.194
8/21/2018 26.994
8/22/2018 26.994
8/23/2018 27.494
8/24/2018 26.844
8/27/2018 27.244
8/28/2018 27.744
8/29/2018 28.944
8/30/2018 28.194
8/31/2018 29.204
9/4/2018 29.194
9/5/2018 29.394
9/6/2018 29.844
9/7/2018 30.544
9/10/2018 30.044
9/11/2018 30.044
9/12/2018 30.044
9/13/2018 30.344
9/14/2018 30.044
9/17/2018 30.094
9/18/2018 28.494
9/19/2018 27.744
9/20/2018 27.394
9/21/2018 30.344
9/24/2018 30.994
9/25/2018 30.744
9/26/2018 30.444
9/27/2018 30.794
9/28/2018 31.044
10/1/2018 29.044
10/2/2018 28.394
10/3/2018 28.894
10/4/2018 29.444
10/5/2018 29.744
10/9/2018 30.044
10/10/2018 29.544
10/11/2018 29.544
10/12/2018 29.544
10/15/2018 31.044
10/16/2018 31.044
10/17/2018 30.544
10/18/2018 31.344
10/19/2018 31.344
10/22/2018 29.944
10/23/2018 28.394
10/24/2018 28.894
10/25/2018 28.394
10/26/2018 28.894
10/29/2018 30.394
10/30/2018 29.844
10/31/2018 30.644
11/1/2018 30.094
11/2/2018 32.394
11/5/2018 31.394
11/6/2018 31.894
11/7/2018 31.344
11/8/2018 31.394
11/9/2018 31.894
11/13/2018 31.594
11/14/2018 30.844
11/15/2018 30.994
11/16/2018 31.294
11/19/2018 30.444
11/20/2018 28.544
11/21/2018 27.794
11/23/2018 28.394
11/26/2018 28.644
11/27/2018 28.594
11/28/2018 27.644
11/29/2018 31.194
11/30/2018 31.394
12/3/2018 27.344
12/4/2018 26.294
12/6/2018 29.294
12/7/2018 29.844
12/10/2018 29.494
12/11/2018 28.444
12/12/2018 30.244
12/13/2018 30.994
12/14/2018 31.694
12/17/2018 32.494
12/18/2018 31.694
12/19/2018 31.094
12/20/2018 29.444
12/21/2018 28.394
12/24/2018 28.944
12/26/2018 29.444
12/27/2018 29.944
12/28/2018 31.545
12/31/2018 32.769
1/2/2019 35.719
1/3/2019 36.719
1/4/2019 33.769
1/7/2019 33.519
1/8/2019 34.269
1/9/2019 34.269
1/10/2019 33.769
1/11/2019 34.269
1/14/2019 33.769
1/15/2019 34.019
1/16/2019 34.269
1/17/2019 35.269
1/18/2019 35.269
1/22/2019 34.069
1/23/2019 33.469
1/24/2019 33.319
1/25/2019 33.419
1/28/2019 34.019
1/29/2019 34.119
1/30/2019 34.719
1/31/2019 36.764
2/1/2019 35.514
2/4/2019 34.514
2/5/2019 33.514
2/6/2019 33.514
2/7/2019 36.014
2/8/2019 35.964
2/11/2019 36.464
2/12/2019 35.414
2/13/2019 35.514
2/14/2019 34.539
2/15/2019 35.014
2/19/2019 32.864
2/20/2019 32.364
2/21/2019 32.864
2/22/2019 33.064
2/25/2019 33.064
2/26/2019 33.514
2/27/2019 34.514
2/28/2019 39.765
3/1/2019 34.515
3/4/2019 34.515
3/5/2019 33.265
3/6/2019 34.015
3/7/2019 35.04
3/8/2019 35.265
3/11/2019 36.29
3/12/2019 38.115
3/13/2019 40.005
3/14/2019 38.755
3/15/2019 39.755
3/18/2019 39.405
3/19/2019 39.655
3/20/2019 39.155
3/21/2019 37.405
3/22/2019 35.205
3/25/2019 35.265
3/26/2019 37.205
3/27/2019 39.205
3/28/2019 40.455
3/29/2019 38.265
4/1/2019 41.41
4/2/2019 42.76
4/3/2019 44
4/4/2019 44.3
4/5/2019 45.025
4/8/2019 43.46
4/9/2019 42.96
4/10/2019 42.96
4/11/2019 43.06
4/12/2019 41.96
4/15/2019 40.61
4/16/2019 40.21
4/17/2019 42.81
4/18/2019 39.01
4/22/2019 38.01
4/23/2019 37.76
4/24/2019 37.76
4/25/2019 38.56
4/26/2019 39.06
4/29/2019 40.41
4/30/2019 42.66
5/1/2019 42.41
5/2/2019 46.16
5/3/2019 45.41
5/6/2019 44.61
5/7/2019 44.41
5/8/2019 45.41
5/9/2019 45.91
5/10/2019 45.85
5/13/2019 44.85
5/14/2019 42.65
5/15/2019 43.415
5/16/2019 42.16
5/17/2019 44.795
5/20/2019 44.735
5/21/2019 44.235
5/22/2019 43.285
5/23/2019 42.99
5/24/2019 41.995
5/28/2019 45.045
5/29/2019 45.085
5/30/2019 44.935
5/31/2019 45.695
6/3/2019 42.145
6/4/2019 42.145
6/5/2019 43.145
6/6/2019 43.895
6/7/2019 44.395
6/10/2019 45.095
6/11/2019 44.645
6/12/2019 44.945
6/13/2019 44.945
6/14/2019 44.495
6/17/2019 45.785
6/18/2019 43.245
6/19/2019 42.135
6/20/2019 41.136
6/21/2019 41.145
6/24/2019 41.995
6/25/2019 42.795
6/26/2019 45.135
6/27/2019 42.795
6/28/2019 41.095
7/1/2019 43.985
7/2/2019 46.985
7/3/2019 47.195
7/5/2019 47.195
7/8/2019 44.695
7/9/2019 45.485
7/10/2019 45.696
7/11/2019 44.995
7/12/2019 46.195
7/15/2019 48.145
7/16/2019 47.145
7/17/2019 48.295
7/18/2019 48.255
7/19/2019 45.395
7/22/2019 43.595
7/23/2019 44.045
7/24/2019 44.845
7/25/2019 47.145
7/26/2019 49.395
7/29/2019 49.895
7/30/2019 49.595
7/31/2019 49.695
8/1/2019 46.845
8/2/2019 48.395
8/5/2019 49.945
8/6/2019 48.645
8/7/2019 48.895
8/8/2019 48.245
8/9/2019 48.595
8/12/2019 49.195
8/13/2019 48.595
8/14/2019 48.145
8/15/2019 47.295
8/16/2019 46.345
8/19/2019 44.995
8/20/2019 43.745
8/21/2019 42.245
8/22/2019 40.545
8/23/2019 41.745
8/26/2019 43.095
8/27/2019 41.195
8/28/2019 41.595
8/29/2019 41.795
8/30/2019 44.345
9/3/2019 43.295
9/4/2019 43.895
9/5/2019 45.745
9/6/2019 46.145
9/9/2019 44.745
9/10/2019 43.845
9/11/2019 43.745
9/12/2019 43.245
9/13/2019 43.07
9/16/2019 45.37
9/17/2019 41.17
9/18/2019 42.22
9/19/2019 39.72
9/20/2019 39.535
9/23/2019 38.446
9/24/2019 40.695
9/25/2019 42.295
9/26/2019 40.345
9/27/2019 41.145
9/30/2019 40.445
10/1/2019 39.61
10/2/2019 39.945
10/3/2019 40.305
10/4/2019 40.845
10/7/2019 40.845
10/8/2019 40.845
10/9/2019 40.545
10/10/2019 40.595
10/11/2019 41.545
10/15/2019 41.545
10/16/2019 41.795
10/17/2019 42.545
10/18/2019 42.045
10/21/2019 41.495
10/22/2019 41.195
10/23/2019 41.295
10/24/2019 40.605
10/25/2019 40.345
10/28/2019 41.295
10/29/2019 40.645
10/30/2019 43.595
10/31/2019 44.345
11/1/2019 44.545
11/4/2019 44.095
11/5/2019 44.595
11/6/2019 44.595
11/7/2019 43.095
11/8/2019 43.095
11/12/2019 43.395
11/13/2019 43.595
11/14/2019 43.795
11/15/2019 44.685
11/18/2019 44.185
11/19/2019 43.135
11/20/2019 43.285
11/21/2019 43.695
11/22/2019 44.045
11/25/2019 44.045
11/26/2019 43.795
11/27/2019 44.095
11/29/2019 43.295
12/2/2019 42.745
12/3/2019 42.52
12/4/2019 42.77
12/5/2019 44.62
12/6/2019 42.42
12/9/2019 44.395
12/10/2019 44.695
12/11/2019 45.895
12/12/2019 46.095
12/13/2019 45.195
12/16/2019 45.495
12/17/2019 43.945
12/18/2019 45.395
12/19/2019 46.645
12/20/2019 46.445
12/23/2019 47.145
12/24/2019 47.645
12/26/2019 47.695
12/27/2019 46.745
12/30/2019 45.045
12/31/2019 45.345

Source: Bank of New York Mellon and author calculations

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Figure 6. Frequency and Volume of Borrowing from FHLBs
Share of Borrowing Volume Frequency of Borrowing (Percent of Days)
100 36.1
99 54.7
98 72
95 73.9
90 82.1
85 86.5
80 90.2
70 92.2
60 94
50 95.6
40 96.5
30 98.2
20 98.7
10 99.4
1 100

Note: Figure shows the share of total fed funds borrowing from FHLBs (y axis) that was obtained by banks borrowing at least as frequently as each value on the x axis over Jan 2016-Feb 2018.

Source: Federal Reserve Board, Report of Selected Money Market Rates (FR2420) and author calculations.

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Figure 7. Arbitrage Borrowing and the Spread to IORB

$Billions

  Frequent and Low Rate (left scale) weighted FHLB fed funds spread to IORB (right scale)
Jan-16 45.1 -14.3
Feb-16 49.9 -13.1
Mar-16 49.1 -13.3
Apr-16 47.6 -13.0
May-16 43.3 -12.6
Jun-16 46.2 -11.6
Jul-16 46.4 -9.6
Aug-16 45.9 -9.7
Sep-16 44.1 -9.6
Oct-16 46.5 -9.4
Nov-16 50.9 -9.1
Dec-16 54.3 -9.0
Jan-17 55.1 -8.7
Feb-17 59.0 -8.8
Mar-17 60.3 -8.9
Apr-17 58.0 -8.8
May-17 61.3 -8.7
Jun-17 58.6 -8.6
Jul-17 64.9 -8.7
Aug-17 65.4 -8.7
Sep-17 62.0 -8.7
Oct-17 62.3 -8.6
Nov-17 58.1 -8.5
Dec-17 55.7 -8.3
Jan-18 56.7 -7.9
Feb-18 56.7 -7.8
Mar-18 54.0 -7.0
Apr-18 43.6 -5.6
May-18 44.2 -4.8
Jun-18 38.4 -4.2
Jul-18 37.4 -3.8
Aug-18 29.8 -3.4
Sep-18 28.3 -2.8
Oct-18 21.2 -1.4
Nov-18 21.9 -0.3
Dec-18 22.4 -0.2
Jan-19 18.2 0.3
Feb-19 25.8 0.1
Mar-19 26.9 0.3
Apr-19 22.9 1.9
May-19 20.9 3.5
Jun-19 22.4 2.1
Jul-19 23.0 4.3
Aug-19 23.2 1.8
Sep-19 20.8 7.1
Oct-19 22.2 3.3

Source: Federal Reserve Board, Report of Selected Money Market Rates (FR2420) and author calculations.

Return to text

Figure 8. Fed Funds Borrowing by Cohort

$Billions

  Frequent and Low Rate Frequent and High Rate Infrequent
Jan-16 45.1 13.2 6.7
Feb-16 49.9 14.8 6.2
Mar-16 49.1 13.7 4.7
Apr-16 47.6 13.2 5.9
May-16 43.3 14.6 5.3
Jun-16 46.2 15.9 6.0
Jul-16 46.4 16.5 4.1
Aug-16 45.9 16.7 3.3
Sep-16 44.1 16.9 2.4
Oct-16 46.5 15.3 3.9
Nov-16 50.9 13.0 3.8
Dec-16 54.3 15.3 4.1
Jan-17 55.1 13.6 4.4
Feb-17 59.0 15.8 4.1
Mar-17 60.3 18.1 3.5
Apr-17 58.0 12.8 3.7
May-17 61.3 11.7 4.1
Jun-17 58.6 15.9 5.4
Jul-17 64.9 18.2 5.0
Aug-17 65.4 20.7 6.8
Sep-17 62.0 20.8 6.2
Oct-17 62.3 20.2 7.6
Nov-17 58.1 23.5 9.6
Dec-17 55.7 25.5 9.7
Jan-18 56.7 22.2 11.6
Feb-18 56.7 24.2 17.9
Mar-18 54.0 23.7 17.5
Apr-18 43.6 17.1 12.9
May-18 44.2 17.0 20.7
Jun-18 38.4 21.7 18.8
Jul-18 37.4 21.0 19.5
Aug-18 29.8 16.9 21.8
Sep-18 28.3 18.6 23.3
Oct-18 21.2 18.1 21.2
Nov-18 21.9 19.8 22.7
Dec-18 22.4 20.5 24.9
Jan-19 18.2 19.6 23.0
Feb-19 25.8 21.5 24.3
Mar-19 26.9 20.4 27.7
Apr-19 22.9 16.0 23.8
May-19 20.9 18.5 24.1
Jun-19 22.4 18.5 21.9
Jul-19 23.0 20.0 22.7
Aug-19 23.2 17.8 20.2
Sep-19 20.8 19.8 21.5
Oct-19 22.2 23.7 18.6

Source: Federal Reserve Board, Report of Selected Money Market Rates (FR2420) and author calculations.

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Last Update: September 19, 2025