Accessible Version
Accessible Version
University of Detroit Mercy
Detroit, Michigan
April 7, 2026
Economic Outlook and the Labor Market
Philip N. Jefferson
Vice Chair, Federal Reserve Board
Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System
The views expressed here are my own and are not necessarily those of my colleagues on the Federal Reserve Board or the Federal Open Market Committee.
Road Map of Talk
- Economic Outlook
- The Labor Market
- Implications for Monetary Policy
- Regional Economic Developments
- Conclusion
Figure 1: Real Gross Domestic Product
Percent, annual rate
| Date | GDP Growth |
|---|---|
| 2020 | -0.9 |
| 2021 | 5.8 |
| 2022 | 1.3 |
| 2023 | 3.4 |
| 2024 | 2.4 |
| 2025 | 2 |
Note: Percent change from preceding period. Annual GDP values represent Q4/Q4 comparisons. Seasonally adjusted.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Real Gross Domestic Product, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Figure 2: 12-Month PCE and Core PCE Inflation
12-month percent change, Monthly
| Date | PCE Inflation | Core PCE Inflation |
|---|---|---|
| 2022-01-01 | 6.27 | 5.36 |
| 2022-02-01 | 6.55 | 5.60 |
| 2022-03-01 | 6.93 | 5.59 |
| 2022-04-01 | 6.68 | 5.35 |
| 2022-05-01 | 6.79 | 5.18 |
| 2022-06-01 | 7.24 | 5.32 |
| 2022-07-01 | 6.75 | 5.11 |
| 2022-08-01 | 6.64 | 5.36 |
| 2022-09-01 | 6.67 | 5.61 |
| 2022-10-01 | 6.46 | 5.46 |
| 2022-11-01 | 6.03 | 5.21 |
| 2022-12-01 | 5.52 | 4.97 |
| 2023-01-01 | 5.51 | 4.94 |
| 2023-02-01 | 5.20 | 4.86 |
| 2023-03-01 | 4.43 | 4.78 |
| 2023-04-01 | 4.48 | 4.79 |
| 2023-05-01 | 4.00 | 4.73 |
| 2023-06-01 | 3.28 | 4.38 |
| 2023-07-01 | 3.41 | 4.30 |
| 2023-08-01 | 3.43 | 3.83 |
| 2023-09-01 | 3.45 | 3.69 |
| 2023-10-01 | 3.02 | 3.47 |
| 2023-11-01 | 2.77 | 3.29 |
| 2023-12-01 | 2.77 | 3.11 |
| 2024-01-01 | 2.70 | 3.16 |
| 2024-02-01 | 2.71 | 3.06 |
| 2024-03-01 | 2.93 | 3.12 |
| 2024-04-01 | 2.83 | 3.01 |
| 2024-05-01 | 2.66 | 2.77 |
| 2024-06-01 | 2.55 | 2.75 |
| 2024-07-01 | 2.59 | 2.81 |
| 2024-08-01 | 2.41 | 2.87 |
| 2024-09-01 | 2.26 | 2.84 |
| 2024-10-01 | 2.48 | 2.99 |
| 2024-11-01 | 2.59 | 2.98 |
| 2024-12-01 | 2.73 | 2.99 |
| 2025-01-01 | 2.61 | 2.78 |
| 2025-02-01 | 2.71 | 2.97 |
| 2025-03-01 | 2.36 | 2.67 |
| 2025-04-01 | 2.28 | 2.61 |
| 2025-05-01 | 2.46 | 2.78 |
| 2025-06-01 | 2.59 | 2.81 |
| 2025-07-01 | 2.61 | 2.86 |
| 2025-08-01 | 2.75 | 2.91 |
| 2025-09-01 | 2.79 | 2.83 |
| 2025-10-01 | 2.71 | 2.76 |
| 2025-11-01 | 2.82 | 2.83 |
| 2025-12-01 | 2.91 | 3.01 |
| 2026-01-01 | 2.83 | 3.06 |
Note: PCE inflation is the change in the personal consumption expenditures price index, and core PCE inflation is the change in PCE price index excluding food and energy. PCE and core PCE are 12-month inflation percentages calculated using seasonally adjusted annual rates.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index and Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy (Chain-Type Price Index), retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Figure 3: Components of Core PCE Inflation
12-month percent change, Monthly
| Date | Core goods | Core services ex. housing | Housing services |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-01-01 | 6.90 | 5.05 | 4.04 |
| 2022-02-01 | 7.66 | 5.04 | 4.31 |
| 2022-03-01 | 7.48 | 5.01 | 4.56 |
| 2022-04-01 | 6.35 | 5.02 | 4.86 |
| 2022-05-01 | 5.72 | 4.93 | 5.19 |
| 2022-06-01 | 5.72 | 5.04 | 5.62 |
| 2022-07-01 | 5.50 | 4.65 | 6.02 |
| 2022-08-01 | 5.60 | 4.92 | 6.47 |
| 2022-09-01 | 5.73 | 5.17 | 6.86 |
| 2022-10-01 | 4.69 | 5.33 | 7.09 |
| 2022-11-01 | 3.93 | 5.15 | 7.36 |
| 2022-12-01 | 3.17 | 4.95 | 7.75 |
| 2023-01-01 | 2.67 | 5.07 | 7.96 |
| 2023-02-01 | 2.28 | 5.05 | 8.20 |
| 2023-03-01 | 2.51 | 4.79 | 8.23 |
| 2023-04-01 | 2.50 | 4.79 | 8.29 |
| 2023-05-01 | 2.50 | 4.71 | 8.20 |
| 2023-06-01 | 1.70 | 4.54 | 7.94 |
| 2023-07-01 | 1.18 | 4.68 | 7.75 |
| 2023-08-01 | 0.56 | 4.24 | 7.42 |
| 2023-09-01 | 0.23 | 4.22 | 7.14 |
| 2023-10-01 | 0.38 | 3.84 | 6.91 |
| 2023-11-01 | 0.22 | 3.64 | 6.72 |
| 2023-12-01 | -0.04 | 3.55 | 6.36 |
| 2024-01-01 | -0.52 | 3.90 | 6.18 |
| 2024-02-01 | -0.40 | 3.74 | 5.91 |
| 2024-03-01 | -0.50 | 3.92 | 5.85 |
| 2024-04-01 | -0.52 | 3.77 | 5.68 |
| 2024-05-01 | -1.02 | 3.61 | 5.57 |
| 2024-06-01 | -0.80 | 3.53 | 5.37 |
| 2024-07-01 | -0.41 | 3.48 | 5.27 |
| 2024-08-01 | -0.47 | 3.61 | 5.30 |
| 2024-09-01 | -0.33 | 3.53 | 5.12 |
| 2024-10-01 | -0.43 | 3.85 | 5.06 |
| 2024-11-01 | -0.19 | 3.81 | 4.80 |
| 2024-12-01 | -0.20 | 3.86 | 4.68 |
| 2025-01-01 | 0.23 | 3.35 | 4.52 |
| 2025-02-01 | 0.33 | 3.69 | 4.35 |
| 2025-03-01 | -0.04 | 3.35 | 4.29 |
| 2025-04-01 | 0.20 | 3.17 | 4.23 |
| 2025-05-01 | 0.65 | 3.31 | 4.07 |
| 2025-06-01 | 0.99 | 3.21 | 4.06 |
| 2025-07-01 | 1.05 | 3.31 | 3.94 |
| 2025-08-01 | 1.07 | 3.41 | 3.86 |
| 2025-09-01 | 1.21 | 3.26 | 3.67 |
| 2025-10-01 | 1.14 | 3.24 | 3.42 |
| 2025-11-01 | 1.25 | 3.36 | 3.31 |
| 2025-12-01 | 1.97 | 3.35 | 3.31 |
| 2026-01-01 | 1.86 | 3.51 | 3.21 |
Note: Core goods inflation is the change in the personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index excluding energy and food. Core services inflation is the change in the PCE price index excluding energy services.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.
Figure 4: Unemployment Rate
Percent, Monthly
| Date | Unemployment rate |
|---|---|
| 2022-01-01 | 4 |
| 2022-02-01 | 3.9 |
| 2022-03-01 | 3.7 |
| 2022-04-01 | 3.7 |
| 2022-05-01 | 3.6 |
| 2022-06-01 | 3.6 |
| 2022-07-01 | 3.5 |
| 2022-08-01 | 3.6 |
| 2022-09-01 | 3.5 |
| 2022-10-01 | 3.6 |
| 2022-11-01 | 3.6 |
| 2022-12-01 | 3.5 |
| 2023-01-01 | 3.5 |
| 2023-02-01 | 3.6 |
| 2023-03-01 | 3.5 |
| 2023-04-01 | 3.4 |
| 2023-05-01 | 3.6 |
| 2023-06-01 | 3.6 |
| 2023-07-01 | 3.5 |
| 2023-08-01 | 3.7 |
| 2023-09-01 | 3.7 |
| 2023-10-01 | 3.9 |
| 2023-11-01 | 3.7 |
| 2023-12-01 | 3.8 |
| 2024-01-01 | 3.7 |
| 2024-02-01 | 3.9 |
| 2024-03-01 | 3.9 |
| 2024-04-01 | 3.9 |
| 2024-05-01 | 3.9 |
| 2024-06-01 | 4.1 |
| 2024-07-01 | 4.2 |
| 2024-08-01 | 4.2 |
| 2024-09-01 | 4.1 |
| 2024-10-01 | 4.1 |
| 2024-11-01 | 4.2 |
| 2024-12-01 | 4.1 |
| 2025-01-01 | 4 |
| 2025-02-01 | 4.2 |
| 2025-03-01 | 4.2 |
| 2025-04-01 | 4.2 |
| 2025-05-01 | 4.3 |
| 2025-06-01 | 4.1 |
| 2025-07-01 | 4.3 |
| 2025-08-01 | 4.3 |
| 2025-09-01 | 4.4 |
| 2025-11-01 | 4.5 |
| 2025-12-01 | 4.4 |
| 2026-01-01 | 4.3 |
| 2026-02-01 | 4.4 |
| 2026-03-01 | 4.3 |
Note: There is no data for October 2025.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Unemployment Rate, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Figure 5: Monthly Change in Payroll Employment
Thousands
| Date | Monthly | 3-Month moving average |
|---|---|---|
| 2022-01-01 | 190 | 478.00 |
| 2022-02-01 | 819 | 531.67 |
| 2022-03-01 | 490 | 499.67 |
| 2022-04-01 | 308 | 539.00 |
| 2022-05-01 | 301 | 366.33 |
| 2022-06-01 | 434 | 347.67 |
| 2022-07-01 | 714 | 483.00 |
| 2022-08-01 | 290 | 479.33 |
| 2022-09-01 | 220 | 408.00 |
| 2022-10-01 | 357 | 289.00 |
| 2022-11-01 | 303 | 293.33 |
| 2022-12-01 | 100 | 253.33 |
| 2023-01-01 | 434 | 279.00 |
| 2023-02-01 | 290 | 274.67 |
| 2023-03-01 | 68 | 264.00 |
| 2023-04-01 | 241 | 199.67 |
| 2023-05-01 | 280 | 196.33 |
| 2023-06-01 | 225 | 248.67 |
| 2023-07-01 | 163 | 222.67 |
| 2023-08-01 | 218 | 202.00 |
| 2023-09-01 | 156 | 179.00 |
| 2023-10-01 | 159 | 177.67 |
| 2023-11-01 | 127 | 147.33 |
| 2023-12-01 | 154 | 146.67 |
| 2024-01-01 | 175 | 152.00 |
| 2024-02-01 | 206 | 178.33 |
| 2024-03-01 | 228 | 203.00 |
| 2024-04-01 | 64 | 166.00 |
| 2024-05-01 | 78 | 123.33 |
| 2024-06-01 | 87 | 76.33 |
| 2024-07-01 | 53 | 72.67 |
| 2024-08-01 | 9 | 49.67 |
| 2024-09-01 | 155 | 72.33 |
| 2024-10-01 | 33 | 65.67 |
| 2024-11-01 | 134 | 107.33 |
| 2024-12-01 | 237 | 134.67 |
| 2025-01-01 | -48 | 107.67 |
| 2025-02-01 | 42 | 77.00 |
| 2025-03-01 | 67 | 20.33 |
| 2025-04-01 | 108 | 72.33 |
| 2025-05-01 | 13 | 62.67 |
| 2025-06-01 | -20 | 33.67 |
| 2025-07-01 | 64 | 19.00 |
| 2025-08-01 | -70 | -8.67 |
| 2025-09-01 | 76 | 23.33 |
| 2025-10-01 | -140 | -44.67 |
| 2025-11-01 | 41 | -7.67 |
| 2025-12-01 | -17 | -38.67 |
| 2026-01-01 | 160 | 61.33 |
| 2026-02-01 | -133 | 3.33 |
| 2026-03-01 | 178 | 68.33 |
Note: Seasonally adjusted.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, All Employees, Total Nonfarm, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Figure 6: Prime Age Labor Force Participation Rate
Percent, Monthly
| Date | Labor force participation rate |
|---|---|
| 2022-01-01 | 82 |
| 2022-02-01 | 82.2 |
| 2022-03-01 | 82.4 |
| 2022-04-01 | 82.4 |
| 2022-05-01 | 82.6 |
| 2022-06-01 | 82.3 |
| 2022-07-01 | 82.4 |
| 2022-08-01 | 82.8 |
| 2022-09-01 | 82.6 |
| 2022-10-01 | 82.5 |
| 2022-11-01 | 82.4 |
| 2022-12-01 | 82.6 |
| 2023-01-01 | 82.7 |
| 2023-02-01 | 83 |
| 2023-03-01 | 83.1 |
| 2023-04-01 | 83.2 |
| 2023-05-01 | 83.4 |
| 2023-06-01 | 83.4 |
| 2023-07-01 | 83.4 |
| 2023-08-01 | 83.4 |
| 2023-09-01 | 83.5 |
| 2023-10-01 | 83.3 |
| 2023-11-01 | 83.4 |
| 2023-12-01 | 83.2 |
| 2024-01-01 | 83.3 |
| 2024-02-01 | 83.5 |
| 2024-03-01 | 83.4 |
| 2024-04-01 | 83.5 |
| 2024-05-01 | 83.6 |
| 2024-06-01 | 83.7 |
| 2024-07-01 | 84 |
| 2024-08-01 | 83.8 |
| 2024-09-01 | 83.8 |
| 2024-10-01 | 83.5 |
| 2024-11-01 | 83.5 |
| 2024-12-01 | 83.5 |
| 2025-01-01 | 83.5 |
| 2025-02-01 | 83.5 |
| 2025-03-01 | 83.3 |
| 2025-04-01 | 83.6 |
| 2025-05-01 | 83.4 |
| 2025-06-01 | 83.5 |
| 2025-07-01 | 83.4 |
| 2025-08-01 | 83.7 |
| 2025-09-01 | 83.7 |
| 2025-11-01 | 83.8 |
| 2025-12-01 | 83.8 |
| 2026-01-01 | 84 |
| 2026-02-01 | 83.9 |
| 2026-03-01 | 83.8 |
Note: Prime Age refers to 25 – 54 years. There are no data for October 2025. Seasonally adjusted.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Figure 7: Job Vacancies
Total Job Openings: Nonfarm
Millions, Monthly
| Date | Job openings |
|---|---|
| 2022-01-01 | 11.21 |
| 2022-02-01 | 11.70 |
| 2022-03-01 | 12.30 |
| 2022-04-01 | 11.86 |
| 2022-05-01 | 11.54 |
| 2022-06-01 | 11.28 |
| 2022-07-01 | 11.58 |
| 2022-08-01 | 10.09 |
| 2022-09-01 | 10.80 |
| 2022-10-01 | 10.45 |
| 2022-11-01 | 10.63 |
| 2022-12-01 | 10.90 |
| 2023-01-01 | 10.32 |
| 2023-02-01 | 9.86 |
| 2023-03-01 | 9.66 |
| 2023-04-01 | 9.97 |
| 2023-05-01 | 9.37 |
| 2023-06-01 | 9.18 |
| 2023-07-01 | 8.66 |
| 2023-08-01 | 9.25 |
| 2023-09-01 | 9.26 |
| 2023-10-01 | 8.58 |
| 2023-11-01 | 8.60 |
| 2023-12-01 | 8.52 |
| 2024-01-01 | 8.38 |
| 2024-02-01 | 8.44 |
| 2024-03-01 | 8.21 |
| 2024-04-01 | 7.53 |
| 2024-05-01 | 7.78 |
| 2024-06-01 | 7.42 |
| 2024-07-01 | 7.43 |
| 2024-08-01 | 7.52 |
| 2024-09-01 | 6.94 |
| 2024-10-01 | 7.38 |
| 2024-11-01 | 7.57 |
| 2024-12-01 | 7.30 |
| 2025-01-01 | 7.43 |
| 2025-02-01 | 7.24 |
| 2025-03-01 | 6.95 |
| 2025-04-01 | 7.10 |
| 2025-05-01 | 7.31 |
| 2025-06-01 | 7.20 |
| 2025-07-01 | 7.09 |
| 2025-08-01 | 6.92 |
| 2025-09-01 | 7.17 |
| 2025-10-01 | 7.17 |
| 2025-11-01 | 6.85 |
| 2025-12-01 | 6.55 |
| 2026-01-01 | 7.24 |
| 2026-02-01 | 6.88 |
Note: Seasonally adjusted.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Figure 7: Job Vacancies
Ratio of Vacancies to Unemployment
| Date | Monthly Vacancy/Unemployment Ratio |
|---|---|
| 2022-01-01 | 1.76 |
| 2022-02-01 | 1.77 |
| 2022-03-01 | 1.94 |
| 2022-04-01 | 2.05 |
| 2022-05-01 | 1.98 |
| 2022-06-01 | 1.92 |
| 2022-07-01 | 1.95 |
| 2022-08-01 | 1.95 |
| 2022-09-01 | 1.75 |
| 2022-10-01 | 1.81 |
| 2022-11-01 | 1.76 |
| 2022-12-01 | 1.83 |
| 2023-01-01 | 1.90 |
| 2023-02-01 | 1.73 |
| 2023-03-01 | 1.70 |
| 2023-04-01 | 1.69 |
| 2023-05-01 | 1.64 |
| 2023-06-01 | 1.58 |
| 2023-07-01 | 1.56 |
| 2023-08-01 | 1.38 |
| 2023-09-01 | 1.48 |
| 2023-10-01 | 1.44 |
| 2023-11-01 | 1.39 |
| 2023-12-01 | 1.37 |
| 2024-01-01 | 1.38 |
| 2024-02-01 | 1.29 |
| 2024-03-01 | 1.29 |
| 2024-04-01 | 1.27 |
| 2024-05-01 | 1.13 |
| 2024-06-01 | 1.13 |
| 2024-07-01 | 1.04 |
| 2024-08-01 | 1.05 |
| 2024-09-01 | 1.10 |
| 2024-10-01 | 1.00 |
| 2024-11-01 | 1.04 |
| 2024-12-01 | 1.09 |
| 2025-01-01 | 1.06 |
| 2025-02-01 | 1.05 |
| 2025-03-01 | 1.02 |
| 2025-04-01 | 0.97 |
| 2025-05-01 | 0.98 |
| 2025-06-01 | 1.04 |
| 2025-07-01 | 0.99 |
| 2025-08-01 | 0.96 |
| 2025-09-01 | 0.91 |
| 2025-11-01 | 0.92 |
| 2025-12-01 | 0.91 |
| 2026-01-01 | 0.89 |
| 2026-02-01 | 0.96 |
Note: Vacancies are Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey job openings as of the end of the previous month. Values before January 2026 are estimated by Federal Reserve Board staff to eliminate discontinuities in the published history.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Job Openings: Total Nonfarm and Unemployment Level, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Figure 8: Federal Funds Rate
Percent, Monthly average
| Date | Federal Funds Rate |
|---|---|
| 2022-01-01 | 0.08 |
| 2022-02-01 | 0.08 |
| 2022-03-01 | 0.20 |
| 2022-04-01 | 0.33 |
| 2022-05-01 | 0.76 |
| 2022-06-01 | 1.19 |
| 2022-07-01 | 1.65 |
| 2022-08-01 | 2.33 |
| 2022-09-01 | 2.58 |
| 2022-10-01 | 3.08 |
| 2022-11-01 | 3.76 |
| 2022-12-01 | 4.09 |
| 2023-01-01 | 4.33 |
| 2023-02-01 | 4.57 |
| 2023-03-01 | 4.65 |
| 2023-04-01 | 4.83 |
| 2023-05-01 | 5.05 |
| 2023-06-01 | 5.08 |
| 2023-07-01 | 5.12 |
| 2023-08-01 | 5.33 |
| 2023-09-01 | 5.33 |
| 2023-10-01 | 5.33 |
| 2023-11-01 | 5.33 |
| 2023-12-01 | 5.33 |
| 2024-01-01 | 5.33 |
| 2024-02-01 | 5.33 |
| 2024-03-01 | 5.33 |
| 2024-04-01 | 5.33 |
| 2024-05-01 | 5.33 |
| 2024-06-01 | 5.33 |
| 2024-07-01 | 5.33 |
| 2024-08-01 | 5.33 |
| 2024-09-01 | 5.13 |
| 2024-10-01 | 4.83 |
| 2024-11-01 | 4.65 |
| 2024-12-01 | 4.48 |
| 2025-01-01 | 4.33 |
| 2025-02-01 | 4.33 |
| 2025-03-01 | 4.33 |
| 2025-04-01 | 4.33 |
| 2025-05-01 | 4.33 |
| 2025-06-01 | 4.33 |
| 2025-07-01 | 4.33 |
| 2025-08-01 | 4.33 |
| 2025-09-01 | 4.23 |
| 2025-10-01 | 4.08 |
| 2025-11-01 | 3.88 |
| 2025-12-01 | 3.73 |
| 2026-01-01 | 3.64 |
| 2026-02-01 | 3.64 |
| 2026-03-01 | 3.64 |
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, https://www.newyorkfed.org/markets/reference-rates/effr.
Figure 9: U.S. and Detroit Unemployment Rates
Percent, Monthly
| Date | United States | Detroit MSA |
|---|---|---|
| 2000-01-01 | 4.0 | 3.2 |
| 2000-02-01 | 4.1 | 3.2 |
| 2000-03-01 | 4.0 | 3.2 |
| 2000-04-01 | 3.8 | 3.2 |
| 2000-05-01 | 4.0 | 3.4 |
| 2000-06-01 | 4.0 | 3.5 |
| 2000-07-01 | 4.0 | 3.6 |
| 2000-08-01 | 4.1 | 3.6 |
| 2000-09-01 | 3.9 | 3.6 |
| 2000-10-01 | 3.9 | 3.6 |
| 2000-11-01 | 3.9 | 3.7 |
| 2000-12-01 | 3.9 | 3.9 |
| 2001-01-01 | 4.2 | 4.1 |
| 2001-02-01 | 4.2 | 4.3 |
| 2001-03-01 | 4.3 | 4.5 |
| 2001-04-01 | 4.4 | 4.6 |
| 2001-05-01 | 4.3 | 4.6 |
| 2001-06-01 | 4.5 | 4.7 |
| 2001-07-01 | 4.6 | 4.9 |
| 2001-08-01 | 4.9 | 5.1 |
| 2001-09-01 | 5.0 | 5.4 |
| 2001-10-01 | 5.3 | 5.7 |
| 2001-11-01 | 5.5 | 6.0 |
| 2001-12-01 | 5.7 | 6.1 |
| 2002-01-01 | 5.7 | 6.2 |
| 2002-02-01 | 5.7 | 6.2 |
| 2002-03-01 | 5.7 | 6.2 |
| 2002-04-01 | 5.9 | 6.3 |
| 2002-05-01 | 5.8 | 6.3 |
| 2002-06-01 | 5.8 | 6.3 |
| 2002-07-01 | 5.8 | 6.2 |
| 2002-08-01 | 5.7 | 6.1 |
| 2002-09-01 | 5.7 | 6.1 |
| 2002-10-01 | 5.7 | 6.1 |
| 2002-11-01 | 5.9 | 6.3 |
| 2002-12-01 | 6.0 | 6.5 |
| 2003-01-01 | 5.8 | 6.7 |
| 2003-02-01 | 5.9 | 6.9 |
| 2003-03-01 | 5.9 | 7.1 |
| 2003-04-01 | 6.0 | 7.3 |
| 2003-05-01 | 6.1 | 7.4 |
| 2003-06-01 | 6.3 | 7.5 |
| 2003-07-01 | 6.2 | 7.6 |
| 2003-08-01 | 6.1 | 7.5 |
| 2003-09-01 | 6.1 | 7.3 |
| 2003-10-01 | 6.0 | 7.1 |
| 2003-11-01 | 5.8 | 6.9 |
| 2003-12-01 | 5.7 | 6.7 |
| 2004-01-01 | 5.7 | 6.6 |
| 2004-02-01 | 5.6 | 6.6 |
| 2004-03-01 | 5.8 | 6.7 |
| 2004-04-01 | 5.6 | 6.8 |
| 2004-05-01 | 5.6 | 7.0 |
| 2004-06-01 | 5.6 | 7.1 |
| 2004-07-01 | 5.5 | 7.3 |
| 2004-08-01 | 5.4 | 7.4 |
| 2004-09-01 | 5.4 | 7.5 |
| 2004-10-01 | 5.5 | 7.6 |
| 2004-11-01 | 5.4 | 7.7 |
| 2004-12-01 | 5.4 | 7.7 |
| 2005-01-01 | 5.3 | 7.7 |
| 2005-02-01 | 5.4 | 7.6 |
| 2005-03-01 | 5.2 | 7.5 |
| 2005-04-01 | 5.2 | 7.4 |
| 2005-05-01 | 5.1 | 7.2 |
| 2005-06-01 | 5.0 | 6.9 |
| 2005-07-01 | 5.0 | 6.8 |
| 2005-08-01 | 4.9 | 6.6 |
| 2005-09-01 | 5.0 | 6.6 |
| 2005-10-01 | 5.0 | 6.6 |
| 2005-11-01 | 5.0 | 6.7 |
| 2005-12-01 | 4.9 | 6.8 |
| 2006-01-01 | 4.7 | 6.9 |
| 2006-02-01 | 4.8 | 6.9 |
| 2006-03-01 | 4.7 | 6.9 |
| 2006-04-01 | 4.7 | 6.9 |
| 2006-05-01 | 4.6 | 6.9 |
| 2006-06-01 | 4.6 | 6.9 |
| 2006-07-01 | 4.7 | 7.0 |
| 2006-08-01 | 4.7 | 7.1 |
| 2006-09-01 | 4.5 | 7.1 |
| 2006-10-01 | 4.4 | 7.2 |
| 2006-11-01 | 4.5 | 7.1 |
| 2006-12-01 | 4.4 | 7.1 |
| 2007-01-01 | 4.6 | 7.0 |
| 2007-02-01 | 4.5 | 7.0 |
| 2007-03-01 | 4.4 | 7.1 |
| 2007-04-01 | 4.5 | 7.1 |
| 2007-05-01 | 4.4 | 7.2 |
| 2007-06-01 | 4.6 | 7.3 |
| 2007-07-01 | 4.7 | 7.4 |
| 2007-08-01 | 4.6 | 7.5 |
| 2007-09-01 | 4.7 | 7.5 |
| 2007-10-01 | 4.7 | 7.6 |
| 2007-11-01 | 4.7 | 7.5 |
| 2007-12-01 | 5.0 | 7.5 |
| 2008-01-01 | 5.0 | 7.4 |
| 2008-02-01 | 4.9 | 7.4 |
| 2008-03-01 | 5.1 | 7.6 |
| 2008-04-01 | 5.0 | 7.7 |
| 2008-05-01 | 5.4 | 8.0 |
| 2008-06-01 | 5.6 | 8.2 |
| 2008-07-01 | 5.8 | 8.5 |
| 2008-08-01 | 6.1 | 8.8 |
| 2008-09-01 | 6.1 | 9.2 |
| 2008-10-01 | 6.5 | 9.6 |
| 2008-11-01 | 6.8 | 10.1 |
| 2008-12-01 | 7.3 | 10.5 |
| 2009-01-01 | 7.8 | 11.6 |
| 2009-02-01 | 8.3 | 12.5 |
| 2009-03-01 | 8.7 | 13.4 |
| 2009-04-01 | 9.0 | 14.2 |
| 2009-05-01 | 9.4 | 14.9 |
| 2009-06-01 | 9.5 | 15.6 |
| 2009-07-01 | 9.5 | 15.6 |
| 2009-08-01 | 9.6 | 15.6 |
| 2009-09-01 | 9.8 | 15.5 |
| 2009-10-01 | 10.0 | 15.4 |
| 2009-11-01 | 9.9 | 15.2 |
| 2009-12-01 | 9.9 | 15.3 |
| 2010-01-01 | 9.8 | 15.3 |
| 2010-02-01 | 9.8 | 15.2 |
| 2010-03-01 | 9.9 | 15.1 |
| 2010-04-01 | 9.9 | 14.8 |
| 2010-05-01 | 9.6 | 14.5 |
| 2010-06-01 | 9.4 | 14.3 |
| 2010-07-01 | 9.4 | 14.4 |
| 2010-08-01 | 9.5 | 13.9 |
| 2010-09-01 | 9.5 | 13.4 |
| 2010-10-01 | 9.4 | 13.0 |
| 2010-11-01 | 9.8 | 12.6 |
| 2010-12-01 | 9.3 | 12.2 |
| 2011-01-01 | 9.1 | 11.8 |
| 2011-02-01 | 9.0 | 11.7 |
| 2011-03-01 | 9.0 | 11.1 |
| 2011-04-01 | 9.1 | 11.2 |
| 2011-05-01 | 9.0 | 11.3 |
| 2011-06-01 | 9.1 | 11.3 |
| 2011-07-01 | 9.0 | 11.3 |
| 2011-08-01 | 9.0 | 11.1 |
| 2011-09-01 | 9.0 | 10.9 |
| 2011-10-01 | 8.8 | 10.6 |
| 2011-11-01 | 8.6 | 10.4 |
| 2011-12-01 | 8.5 | 10.2 |
| 2012-01-01 | 8.3 | 10.1 |
| 2012-02-01 | 8.3 | 10.0 |
| 2012-03-01 | 8.2 | 10.0 |
| 2012-04-01 | 8.2 | 10.0 |
| 2012-05-01 | 8.2 | 10.0 |
| 2012-06-01 | 8.2 | 10.0 |
| 2012-07-01 | 8.2 | 10.0 |
| 2012-08-01 | 8.1 | 10.0 |
| 2012-09-01 | 7.8 | 10.0 |
| 2012-10-01 | 7.8 | 10.0 |
| 2012-11-01 | 7.7 | 10.0 |
| 2012-12-01 | 7.9 | 10.0 |
| 2013-01-01 | 8.0 | 10.0 |
| 2013-02-01 | 7.7 | 9.9 |
| 2013-03-01 | 7.5 | 9.8 |
| 2013-04-01 | 7.6 | 9.8 |
| 2013-05-01 | 7.5 | 9.7 |
| 2013-06-01 | 7.5 | 9.7 |
| 2013-07-01 | 7.3 | 9.7 |
| 2013-08-01 | 7.2 | 9.7 |
| 2013-09-01 | 7.2 | 9.6 |
| 2013-10-01 | 7.2 | 9.5 |
| 2013-11-01 | 6.9 | 9.3 |
| 2013-12-01 | 6.7 | 9.2 |
| 2014-01-01 | 6.6 | 9.0 |
| 2014-02-01 | 6.7 | 8.9 |
| 2014-03-01 | 6.7 | 8.8 |
| 2014-04-01 | 6.2 | 8.7 |
| 2014-05-01 | 6.3 | 8.5 |
| 2014-06-01 | 6.1 | 8.3 |
| 2014-07-01 | 6.2 | 8.1 |
| 2014-08-01 | 6.1 | 7.9 |
| 2014-09-01 | 5.9 | 7.7 |
| 2014-10-01 | 5.7 | 7.4 |
| 2014-11-01 | 5.8 | 7.1 |
| 2014-12-01 | 5.6 | 6.8 |
| 2015-01-01 | 5.7 | 6.6 |
| 2015-02-01 | 5.5 | 6.4 |
| 2015-03-01 | 5.4 | 6.3 |
| 2015-04-01 | 5.4 | 6.2 |
| 2015-05-01 | 5.6 | 6.1 |
| 2015-06-01 | 5.3 | 6.0 |
| 2015-07-01 | 5.2 | 5.8 |
| 2015-08-01 | 5.1 | 5.7 |
| 2015-09-01 | 5.0 | 5.5 |
| 2015-10-01 | 5.0 | 5.4 |
| 2015-11-01 | 5.1 | 5.3 |
| 2015-12-01 | 5.0 | 5.3 |
| 2016-01-01 | 4.8 | 5.2 |
| 2016-02-01 | 4.9 | 5.3 |
| 2016-03-01 | 5.0 | 5.3 |
| 2016-04-01 | 5.1 | 5.3 |
| 2016-05-01 | 4.8 | 5.3 |
| 2016-06-01 | 4.9 | 5.3 |
| 2016-07-01 | 4.8 | 5.3 |
| 2016-08-01 | 4.9 | 5.3 |
| 2016-09-01 | 5.0 | 5.4 |
| 2016-10-01 | 4.9 | 5.4 |
| 2016-11-01 | 4.7 | 5.3 |
| 2016-12-01 | 4.7 | 5.3 |
| 2017-01-01 | 4.7 | 5.1 |
| 2017-02-01 | 4.6 | 4.8 |
| 2017-03-01 | 4.4 | 4.5 |
| 2017-04-01 | 4.4 | 4.3 |
| 2017-05-01 | 4.4 | 4.1 |
| 2017-06-01 | 4.3 | 4.1 |
| 2017-07-01 | 4.3 | 4.3 |
| 2017-08-01 | 4.4 | 4.4 |
| 2017-09-01 | 4.3 | 4.6 |
| 2017-10-01 | 4.2 | 4.7 |
| 2017-11-01 | 4.2 | 4.7 |
| 2017-12-01 | 4.1 | 4.7 |
| 2018-01-01 | 4.0 | 4.6 |
| 2018-02-01 | 4.1 | 4.5 |
| 2018-03-01 | 4.0 | 4.4 |
| 2018-04-01 | 4.0 | 4.3 |
| 2018-05-01 | 3.8 | 4.2 |
| 2018-06-01 | 4.0 | 4.1 |
| 2018-07-01 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
| 2018-08-01 | 3.8 | 4.2 |
| 2018-09-01 | 3.7 | 4.2 |
| 2018-10-01 | 3.8 | 4.3 |
| 2018-11-01 | 3.8 | 4.4 |
| 2018-12-01 | 3.9 | 4.4 |
| 2019-01-01 | 4.0 | 4.5 |
| 2019-02-01 | 3.8 | 4.4 |
| 2019-03-01 | 3.8 | 4.4 |
| 2019-04-01 | 3.7 | 4.4 |
| 2019-05-01 | 3.6 | 4.4 |
| 2019-06-01 | 3.6 | 4.3 |
| 2019-07-01 | 3.7 | 4.3 |
| 2019-08-01 | 3.6 | 4.2 |
| 2019-09-01 | 3.5 | 4.1 |
| 2019-10-01 | 3.6 | 4.0 |
| 2019-11-01 | 3.6 | 4.0 |
| 2019-12-01 | 3.6 | 3.9 |
| 2020-01-01 | 3.6 | 4.0 |
| 2020-02-01 | 3.5 | 4.0 |
| 2020-03-01 | 4.4 | 4.0 |
| 2020-04-01 | 14.8 | 23.4 |
| 2020-05-01 | 13.2 | 23.2 |
| 2020-06-01 | 11.0 | 17.7 |
| 2020-07-01 | 10.2 | 15.3 |
| 2020-08-01 | 8.4 | 12.0 |
| 2020-09-01 | 7.8 | 10.6 |
| 2020-10-01 | 6.9 | 9.0 |
| 2020-11-01 | 6.7 | 8.3 |
| 2020-12-01 | 6.7 | 8.1 |
| 2021-01-01 | 6.4 | 7.0 |
| 2021-02-01 | 6.2 | 6.7 |
| 2021-03-01 | 6.1 | 6.6 |
| 2021-04-01 | 6.1 | 6.6 |
| 2021-05-01 | 5.8 | 6.6 |
| 2021-06-01 | 5.9 | 6.6 |
| 2021-07-01 | 5.4 | 6.4 |
| 2021-08-01 | 5.1 | 6.1 |
| 2021-09-01 | 4.7 | 5.7 |
| 2021-10-01 | 4.5 | 5.3 |
| 2021-11-01 | 4.1 | 4.9 |
| 2021-12-01 | 3.9 | 4.7 |
| 2022-01-01 | 4.0 | 4.5 |
| 2022-02-01 | 3.9 | 4.4 |
| 2022-03-01 | 3.7 | 4.2 |
| 2022-04-01 | 3.7 | 4.0 |
| 2022-05-01 | 3.6 | 3.8 |
| 2022-06-01 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
| 2022-07-01 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| 2022-08-01 | 3.6 | 3.5 |
| 2022-09-01 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| 2022-10-01 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
| 2022-11-01 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
| 2022-12-01 | 3.5 | 3.6 |
| 2023-01-01 | 3.5 | 3.6 |
| 2023-02-01 | 3.6 | 3.4 |
| 2023-03-01 | 3.5 | 3.3 |
| 2023-04-01 | 3.4 | 3.3 |
| 2023-05-01 | 3.6 | 3.3 |
| 2023-06-01 | 3.6 | 3.4 |
| 2023-07-01 | 3.5 | 3.6 |
| 2023-08-01 | 3.7 | 3.7 |
| 2023-09-01 | 3.7 | 3.8 |
| 2023-10-01 | 3.9 | 3.9 |
| 2023-11-01 | 3.7 | 3.8 |
| 2023-12-01 | 3.8 | 3.8 |
| 2024-01-01 | 3.7 | 3.8 |
| 2024-02-01 | 3.9 | 3.8 |
| 2024-03-01 | 3.9 | 4.0 |
| 2024-04-01 | 3.9 | 4.1 |
| 2024-05-01 | 3.9 | 4.3 |
| 2024-06-01 | 4.1 | 4.5 |
| 2024-07-01 | 4.2 | 4.6 |
| 2024-08-01 | 4.2 | 4.8 |
| 2024-09-01 | 4.1 | 4.9 |
| 2024-10-01 | 4.1 | 5.0 |
| 2024-11-01 | 4.2 | 5.0 |
| 2024-12-01 | 4.1 | 5.0 |
| 2025-01-01 | 4.0 | 5.1 |
| 2025-02-01 | 4.2 | 5.2 |
| 2025-03-01 | 4.2 | 5.3 |
| 2025-04-01 | 4.2 | 5.1 |
| 2025-05-01 | 4.3 | 5.0 |
| 2025-06-01 | 4.1 | 4.8 |
| 2025-07-01 | 4.3 | 4.8 |
| 2025-08-01 | 4.3 | 4.6 |
| 2025-09-01 | 4.4 | 4.6 |
| 2025-11-01 | 4.5 | 4.7 |
| 2025-12-01 | 4.4 | 4.8 |
Note: There are no data for October 2025. The shaded bars indicate periods of business recession as defined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER): March 2001-November 2001, December 2007–June 2009, and Feburary 2020–April 2020.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Unemployment Rate and Unemployment Rate in Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI, metropolitan statistical area (MSA), retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Figure 10: Change in Payroll Detroit Area Employment
Percent, Monthly
| Date | Total nonfarm | Manufacturing | Health care and social assistance | Other private services |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000-01-01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2000-02-01 | -0.45 | -0.12 | 0.27 | -0.22 |
| 2000-03-01 | -0.40 | -0.59 | 0.59 | -0.26 |
| 2000-04-01 | 0.33 | 0.89 | 0.79 | 0.42 |
| 2000-05-01 | 0.31 | 1.23 | 0.69 | 0.34 |
| 2000-06-01 | 0.42 | 1.30 | 0.83 | 0.62 |
| 2000-07-01 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 1.38 | 0.53 |
| 2000-08-01 | 0.20 | 0.41 | 1.51 | 0.71 |
| 2000-09-01 | -0.06 | -1.10 | 1.69 | 0.65 |
| 2000-10-01 | 0.20 | -0.85 | 1.69 | 0.98 |
| 2000-11-01 | 0.17 | -1.34 | 2.10 | 0.97 |
| 2000-12-01 | -0.19 | -1.93 | 1.89 | 0.88 |
| 2001-01-01 | -1.63 | -6.65 | 1.18 | -1.03 |
| 2001-02-01 | -1.38 | -4.04 | 1.31 | -0.93 |
| 2001-03-01 | -1.58 | -5.14 | 1.75 | -1.05 |
| 2001-04-01 | -2.17 | -6.20 | 1.94 | -1.55 |
| 2001-05-01 | -2.49 | -7.17 | 2.58 | -1.92 |
| 2001-06-01 | -2.64 | -7.62 | 3.10 | -1.96 |
| 2001-07-01 | -3.11 | -9.39 | 2.90 | -2.63 |
| 2001-08-01 | -3.56 | -10.30 | 3.12 | -2.86 |
| 2001-09-01 | -3.76 | -10.18 | 3.14 | -3.30 |
| 2001-10-01 | -4.15 | -11.10 | 2.86 | -3.53 |
| 2001-11-01 | -4.47 | -12.32 | 2.97 | -3.83 |
| 2001-12-01 | -4.49 | -11.94 | 3.18 | -4.02 |
| 2002-01-01 | -5.08 | -15.81 | 3.21 | -4.32 |
| 2002-02-01 | -5.17 | -14.37 | 3.27 | -4.42 |
| 2002-03-01 | -5.20 | -14.81 | 3.48 | -4.41 |
| 2002-04-01 | -5.27 | -14.57 | 4.09 | -4.33 |
| 2002-05-01 | -5.25 | -15.15 | 4.44 | -4.34 |
| 2002-06-01 | -5.34 | -14.97 | 4.48 | -4.36 |
| 2002-07-01 | -4.69 | -14.83 | 3.98 | -3.97 |
| 2002-08-01 | -4.97 | -14.83 | 4.22 | -3.82 |
| 2002-09-01 | -5.17 | -15.55 | 3.77 | -3.87 |
| 2002-10-01 | -5.26 | -15.59 | 3.78 | -4.03 |
| 2002-11-01 | -5.34 | -15.92 | 3.87 | -4.01 |
| 2002-12-01 | -5.48 | -16.04 | 3.78 | -4.05 |
| 2003-01-01 | -4.96 | -16.12 | 3.88 | -3.81 |
| 2003-02-01 | -5.47 | -17.35 | 4.18 | -3.95 |
| 2003-03-01 | -5.56 | -17.31 | 4.18 | -3.97 |
| 2003-04-01 | -6.19 | -19.67 | 3.09 | -4.08 |
| 2003-05-01 | -6.09 | -20.08 | 3.22 | -4.10 |
| 2003-06-01 | -6.07 | -20.04 | 3.19 | -4.20 |
| 2003-07-01 | -6.52 | -25.39 | 3.39 | -4.55 |
| 2003-08-01 | -6.49 | -21.07 | 3.53 | -4.75 |
| 2003-09-01 | -6.69 | -21.53 | 4.03 | -4.58 |
| 2003-10-01 | -6.70 | -22.88 | 4.06 | -4.80 |
| 2003-11-01 | -6.89 | -22.77 | 4.12 | -5.02 |
| 2003-12-01 | -6.96 | -22.82 | 4.03 | -5.10 |
| 2004-01-01 | -6.86 | -22.04 | 4.55 | -5.27 |
| 2004-02-01 | -7.31 | -23.38 | 4.49 | -5.34 |
| 2004-03-01 | -7.22 | -22.72 | 4.73 | -5.44 |
| 2004-04-01 | -7.02 | -23.03 | 5.02 | -4.96 |
| 2004-05-01 | -7.08 | -23.48 | 5.14 | -5.03 |
| 2004-06-01 | -7.29 | -24.54 | 5.01 | -4.93 |
| 2004-07-01 | -7.66 | -31.62 | 5.97 | -4.94 |
| 2004-08-01 | -7.07 | -24.02 | 5.80 | -4.84 |
| 2004-09-01 | -6.88 | -24.27 | 6.02 | -4.77 |
| 2004-10-01 | -6.75 | -24.13 | 6.35 | -4.39 |
| 2004-11-01 | -6.84 | -24.88 | 6.41 | -4.43 |
| 2004-12-01 | -6.98 | -25.39 | 6.84 | -4.46 |
| 2005-01-01 | -7.10 | -25.96 | 6.68 | -4.53 |
| 2005-02-01 | -6.86 | -25.43 | 6.93 | -4.31 |
| 2005-03-01 | -7.24 | -26.89 | 7.17 | -4.35 |
| 2005-04-01 | -6.93 | -27.30 | 7.70 | -3.79 |
| 2005-05-01 | -6.95 | -26.44 | 7.74 | -4.18 |
| 2005-06-01 | -7.23 | -26.97 | 7.74 | -4.33 |
| 2005-07-01 | -7.28 | -32.63 | 8.13 | -3.95 |
| 2005-08-01 | -7.32 | -28.31 | 8.57 | -4.02 |
| 2005-09-01 | -6.90 | -27.52 | 8.88 | -3.99 |
| 2005-10-01 | -7.25 | -27.41 | 9.57 | -4.28 |
| 2005-11-01 | -7.20 | -27.41 | 9.80 | -4.33 |
| 2005-12-01 | -7.47 | -27.90 | 10.09 | -4.52 |
| 2006-01-01 | -7.91 | -29.50 | 10.23 | -4.78 |
| 2006-02-01 | -8.22 | -30.85 | 10.31 | -5.00 |
| 2006-03-01 | -8.22 | -29.77 | 10.90 | -5.20 |
| 2006-04-01 | -8.45 | -29.29 | 9.92 | -5.43 |
| 2006-05-01 | -8.78 | -29.78 | 10.25 | -5.97 |
| 2006-06-01 | -8.91 | -30.58 | 10.88 | -5.80 |
| 2006-07-01 | -9.52 | -37.45 | 10.57 | -5.95 |
| 2006-08-01 | -9.54 | -32.32 | 10.75 | -6.11 |
| 2006-09-01 | -9.61 | -32.66 | 11.12 | -6.27 |
| 2006-10-01 | -10.16 | -34.03 | 10.33 | -6.43 |
| 2006-11-01 | -9.98 | -33.16 | 10.24 | -6.45 |
| 2006-12-01 | -10.07 | -33.47 | 11.11 | -6.58 |
| 2007-01-01 | -10.36 | -35.26 | 11.55 | -6.78 |
| 2007-02-01 | -10.21 | -33.51 | 11.72 | -6.96 |
| 2007-03-01 | -10.37 | -33.42 | 12.11 | -7.23 |
| 2007-04-01 | -10.45 | -33.40 | 12.27 | -7.18 |
| 2007-05-01 | -10.49 | -34.20 | 12.46 | -7.20 |
| 2007-06-01 | -10.75 | -34.53 | 12.83 | -7.31 |
| 2007-07-01 | -10.84 | -38.58 | 12.73 | -7.41 |
| 2007-08-01 | -10.72 | -34.76 | 12.73 | -7.32 |
| 2007-09-01 | -11.16 | -35.76 | 13.19 | -7.60 |
| 2007-10-01 | -11.75 | -38.14 | 12.93 | -7.52 |
| 2007-11-01 | -11.36 | -36.55 | 13.28 | -7.31 |
| 2007-12-01 | -11.59 | -36.54 | 13.39 | -7.76 |
| 2008-01-01 | -11.71 | -37.13 | 13.74 | -7.97 |
| 2008-02-01 | -12.02 | -37.80 | 13.92 | -8.30 |
| 2008-03-01 | -12.53 | -38.77 | 13.80 | -8.45 |
| 2008-04-01 | -12.94 | -40.38 | 14.07 | -8.74 |
| 2008-05-01 | -13.20 | -41.32 | 14.43 | -8.91 |
| 2008-06-01 | -13.27 | -39.20 | 14.47 | -9.35 |
| 2008-07-01 | -13.83 | -45.32 | 14.67 | -9.71 |
| 2008-08-01 | -13.91 | -42.19 | 14.69 | -10.15 |
| 2008-09-01 | -14.41 | -42.58 | 14.91 | -10.60 |
| 2008-10-01 | -14.78 | -42.93 | 15.15 | -11.01 |
| 2008-11-01 | -15.43 | -43.12 | 15.09 | -11.95 |
| 2008-12-01 | -16.14 | -44.22 | 15.32 | -12.60 |
| 2009-01-01 | -18.90 | -53.28 | 14.96 | -14.64 |
| 2009-02-01 | -18.80 | -51.58 | 15.29 | -15.11 |
| 2009-03-01 | -19.26 | -50.98 | 15.50 | -15.72 |
| 2009-04-01 | -19.77 | -52.03 | 15.48 | -16.44 |
| 2009-05-01 | -21.28 | -56.79 | 15.86 | -17.23 |
| 2009-06-01 | -22.20 | -58.18 | 16.02 | -18.08 |
| 2009-07-01 | -21.34 | -56.40 | 15.74 | -17.80 |
| 2009-08-01 | -21.69 | -55.26 | 16.05 | -18.24 |
| 2009-09-01 | -21.61 | -54.56 | 15.77 | -18.16 |
| 2009-10-01 | -21.57 | -54.06 | 16.02 | -18.24 |
| 2009-11-01 | -21.77 | -54.88 | 16.20 | -18.31 |
| 2009-12-01 | -21.74 | -54.49 | 16.06 | -18.27 |
| 2010-01-01 | -21.60 | -53.67 | 15.83 | -18.29 |
| 2010-02-01 | -21.64 | -54.70 | 15.92 | -18.19 |
| 2010-03-01 | -21.83 | -54.77 | 16.09 | -18.27 |
| 2010-04-01 | -21.18 | -53.75 | 15.92 | -17.82 |
| 2010-05-01 | -21.19 | -53.63 | 15.95 | -17.74 |
| 2010-06-01 | -21.24 | -53.18 | 15.93 | -17.48 |
| 2010-07-01 | -20.75 | -52.72 | 16.44 | -17.45 |
| 2010-08-01 | -21.20 | -54.39 | 16.77 | -17.22 |
| 2010-09-01 | -20.79 | -52.25 | 17.13 | -17.13 |
| 2010-10-01 | -20.54 | -52.03 | 18.00 | -16.90 |
| 2010-11-01 | -20.47 | -51.86 | 17.95 | -16.70 |
| 2010-12-01 | -20.35 | -51.45 | 18.08 | -16.64 |
| 2011-01-01 | -20.00 | -50.78 | 18.53 | -16.26 |
| 2011-02-01 | -19.80 | -50.59 | 18.47 | -16.09 |
| 2011-03-01 | -19.61 | -50.03 | 18.67 | -15.70 |
| 2011-04-01 | -18.89 | -48.67 | 20.51 | -15.39 |
| 2011-05-01 | -19.18 | -48.57 | 20.43 | -15.52 |
| 2011-06-01 | -19.24 | -48.48 | 20.45 | -15.59 |
| 2011-07-01 | -18.77 | -48.47 | 20.85 | -15.30 |
| 2011-08-01 | -18.58 | -47.83 | 21.04 | -15.07 |
| 2011-09-01 | -18.19 | -47.53 | 21.45 | -14.59 |
| 2011-10-01 | -18.04 | -47.10 | 21.48 | -14.35 |
| 2011-11-01 | -17.84 | -46.43 | 21.50 | -14.19 |
| 2011-12-01 | -17.79 | -45.81 | 21.84 | -14.39 |
| 2012-01-01 | -17.31 | -45.38 | 22.09 | -13.68 |
| 2012-02-01 | -17.18 | -45.47 | 22.22 | -13.42 |
| 2012-03-01 | -16.88 | -44.82 | 22.38 | -12.94 |
| 2012-04-01 | -16.76 | -45.38 | 22.40 | -13.04 |
| 2012-05-01 | -16.92 | -44.83 | 22.22 | -13.01 |
| 2012-06-01 | -17.02 | -44.95 | 22.72 | -12.94 |
| 2012-07-01 | -16.75 | -43.98 | 23.08 | -12.67 |
| 2012-08-01 | -16.51 | -44.15 | 23.17 | -12.38 |
| 2012-09-01 | -16.31 | -44.29 | 23.05 | -12.42 |
| 2012-10-01 | -16.06 | -43.88 | 23.14 | -12.24 |
| 2012-11-01 | -16.16 | -43.76 | 23.26 | -11.95 |
| 2012-12-01 | -15.96 | -43.26 | 23.54 | -11.81 |
| 2013-01-01 | -15.73 | -42.97 | 23.64 | -11.57 |
| 2013-02-01 | -15.50 | -42.73 | 23.81 | -11.23 |
| 2013-03-01 | -15.34 | -42.41 | 23.87 | -10.93 |
| 2013-04-01 | -15.24 | -42.38 | 23.91 | -10.95 |
| 2013-05-01 | -15.13 | -42.25 | 23.77 | -10.66 |
| 2013-06-01 | -15.25 | -42.16 | 24.01 | -10.56 |
| 2013-07-01 | -15.68 | -43.31 | 23.96 | -11.04 |
| 2013-08-01 | -15.06 | -41.69 | 24.08 | -10.42 |
| 2013-09-01 | -14.73 | -41.23 | 24.32 | -10.27 |
| 2013-10-01 | -14.33 | -40.70 | 24.16 | -10.04 |
| 2013-11-01 | -14.59 | -40.83 | 24.10 | -9.94 |
| 2013-12-01 | -14.63 | -41.65 | 24.00 | -9.81 |
| 2014-01-01 | -14.60 | -41.38 | 24.03 | -10.13 |
| 2014-02-01 | -14.21 | -39.97 | 24.42 | -9.75 |
| 2014-03-01 | -14.12 | -39.51 | 24.66 | -9.65 |
| 2014-04-01 | -14.27 | -41.22 | 24.42 | -9.59 |
| 2014-05-01 | -14.01 | -40.45 | 24.21 | -9.33 |
| 2014-06-01 | -13.67 | -38.86 | 24.16 | -9.06 |
| 2014-07-01 | -13.52 | -38.75 | 23.96 | -8.91 |
| 2014-08-01 | -13.47 | -38.68 | 23.96 | -8.86 |
| 2014-09-01 | -13.53 | -39.59 | 24.14 | -8.83 |
| 2014-10-01 | -13.35 | -38.61 | 24.34 | -8.78 |
| 2014-11-01 | -13.06 | -38.06 | 24.57 | -8.62 |
| 2014-12-01 | -12.71 | -37.06 | 24.88 | -8.33 |
| 2015-01-01 | -12.53 | -37.51 | 24.71 | -8.10 |
| 2015-02-01 | -12.67 | -37.55 | 24.68 | -8.02 |
| 2015-03-01 | -12.59 | -37.43 | 24.80 | -7.95 |
| 2015-04-01 | -12.57 | -37.48 | 24.93 | -7.65 |
| 2015-05-01 | -11.94 | -36.85 | 25.34 | -7.42 |
| 2015-06-01 | -12.04 | -36.83 | 25.51 | -7.38 |
| 2015-07-01 | -11.97 | -36.39 | 25.62 | -7.21 |
| 2015-08-01 | -11.75 | -36.28 | 26.70 | -7.27 |
| 2015-09-01 | -11.65 | -35.87 | 25.85 | -7.06 |
| 2015-10-01 | -11.57 | -36.34 | 27.54 | -6.94 |
| 2015-11-01 | -11.42 | -36.24 | 27.22 | -6.87 |
| 2015-12-01 | -11.25 | -36.10 | 27.56 | -6.73 |
| 2016-01-01 | -10.80 | -35.45 | 27.89 | -6.55 |
| 2016-02-01 | -11.00 | -36.27 | 27.98 | -6.37 |
| 2016-03-01 | -10.98 | -36.27 | 28.22 | -6.50 |
| 2016-04-01 | -10.57 | -34.98 | 28.49 | -5.83 |
| 2016-05-01 | -10.44 | -35.09 | 28.69 | -5.98 |
| 2016-06-01 | -10.39 | -34.94 | 28.44 | -5.82 |
| 2016-07-01 | -9.86 | -35.04 | 29.20 | -5.23 |
| 2016-08-01 | -10.08 | -35.82 | 29.09 | -5.39 |
| 2016-09-01 | -9.77 | -34.77 | 29.46 | -5.12 |
| 2016-10-01 | -9.65 | -34.68 | 29.11 | -5.07 |
| 2016-11-01 | -9.44 | -34.03 | 29.23 | -4.90 |
| 2016-12-01 | -9.37 | -34.25 | 29.46 | -4.88 |
| 2017-01-01 | -9.31 | -33.59 | 29.36 | -4.83 |
| 2017-02-01 | -9.26 | -33.51 | 29.50 | -4.73 |
| 2017-03-01 | -9.19 | -33.74 | 29.71 | -4.62 |
| 2017-04-01 | -8.94 | -33.57 | 29.94 | -4.42 |
| 2017-05-01 | -8.83 | -33.27 | 30.19 | -4.41 |
| 2017-06-01 | -8.64 | -33.17 | 30.65 | -4.29 |
| 2017-07-01 | -8.92 | -34.61 | 30.72 | -4.34 |
| 2017-08-01 | -8.57 | -33.15 | 30.76 | -4.32 |
| 2017-09-01 | -8.45 | -33.67 | 30.92 | -4.10 |
| 2017-10-01 | -8.61 | -33.09 | 30.92 | -4.29 |
| 2017-11-01 | -8.40 | -32.97 | 31.10 | -4.07 |
| 2017-12-01 | -8.44 | -32.95 | 31.12 | -4.01 |
| 2018-01-01 | -8.32 | -32.94 | 31.34 | -3.95 |
| 2018-02-01 | -8.09 | -32.15 | 31.52 | -3.82 |
| 2018-03-01 | -7.76 | -31.45 | 31.84 | -3.67 |
| 2018-04-01 | -7.81 | -31.68 | 31.84 | -3.68 |
| 2018-05-01 | -7.75 | -31.98 | 31.81 | -3.52 |
| 2018-06-01 | -7.61 | -32.00 | 32.19 | -3.42 |
| 2018-07-01 | -7.64 | -31.77 | 31.67 | -3.44 |
| 2018-08-01 | -7.43 | -31.81 | 31.62 | -3.26 |
| 2018-09-01 | -7.57 | -31.50 | 31.26 | -3.42 |
| 2018-10-01 | -7.28 | -31.26 | 31.46 | -2.95 |
| 2018-11-01 | -7.24 | -31.51 | 31.39 | -3.00 |
| 2018-12-01 | -7.31 | -31.20 | 31.19 | -2.93 |
| 2019-01-01 | -7.37 | -32.81 | 31.96 | -2.93 |
| 2019-02-01 | -7.35 | -31.41 | 31.90 | -3.06 |
| 2019-03-01 | -7.27 | -31.18 | 32.37 | -3.10 |
| 2019-04-01 | -7.29 | -31.61 | 32.86 | -3.18 |
| 2019-05-01 | -7.23 | -31.29 | 33.00 | -3.21 |
| 2019-06-01 | -7.21 | -31.38 | 33.19 | -3.27 |
| 2019-07-01 | -7.23 | -32.72 | 33.01 | -3.12 |
| 2019-08-01 | -6.89 | -32.05 | 33.40 | -2.99 |
| 2019-09-01 | -6.89 | -31.79 | 33.14 | -3.08 |
| 2019-10-01 | -7.50 | -34.17 | 33.15 | -3.18 |
| 2019-11-01 | -7.03 | -32.78 | 33.34 | -2.81 |
| 2019-12-01 | -6.77 | -32.83 | 33.35 | -2.28 |
| 2020-01-01 | -7.07 | -33.24 | 33.22 | -2.95 |
| 2020-02-01 | -6.97 | -33.06 | 33.41 | -2.81 |
| 2020-03-01 | -7.87 | -33.29 | 33.00 | -4.14 |
| 2020-04-01 | -31.05 | -63.58 | 10.15 | -27.68 |
| 2020-05-01 | -28.31 | -59.57 | 10.37 | -25.23 |
| 2020-06-01 | -20.21 | -39.97 | 16.70 | -18.84 |
| 2020-07-01 | -17.48 | -38.23 | 19.13 | -15.49 |
| 2020-08-01 | -16.06 | -38.45 | 20.82 | -14.02 |
| 2020-09-01 | -14.92 | -38.06 | 22.22 | -12.37 |
| 2020-10-01 | -14.18 | -37.49 | 22.99 | -10.95 |
| 2020-11-01 | -14.04 | -37.17 | 23.23 | -10.89 |
| 2020-12-01 | -15.28 | -36.74 | 23.84 | -12.94 |
| 2021-01-01 | -14.49 | -36.01 | 24.01 | -12.19 |
| 2021-02-01 | -13.36 | -36.02 | 24.41 | -10.20 |
| 2021-03-01 | -13.14 | -35.21 | 24.61 | -10.08 |
| 2021-04-01 | -13.64 | -38.62 | 23.65 | -9.94 |
| 2021-05-01 | -13.62 | -37.85 | 23.23 | -9.70 |
| 2021-06-01 | -13.20 | -37.71 | 24.58 | -9.32 |
| 2021-07-01 | -12.70 | -39.34 | 23.47 | -8.42 |
| 2021-08-01 | -11.90 | -36.29 | 22.84 | -7.99 |
| 2021-09-01 | -11.61 | -36.49 | 23.15 | -7.67 |
| 2021-10-01 | -10.57 | -34.79 | 23.51 | -5.91 |
| 2021-11-01 | -10.12 | -34.32 | 23.44 | -5.44 |
| 2021-12-01 | -10.08 | -34.44 | 22.98 | -5.07 |
| 2022-01-01 | -9.91 | -34.39 | 23.43 | -5.05 |
| 2022-02-01 | -9.58 | -36.10 | 23.89 | -4.23 |
| 2022-03-01 | -9.17 | -33.52 | 24.10 | -4.17 |
| 2022-04-01 | -8.54 | -33.65 | 25.30 | -3.71 |
| 2022-05-01 | -8.82 | -33.50 | 25.43 | -3.86 |
| 2022-06-01 | -8.90 | -33.15 | 25.36 | -4.10 |
| 2022-07-01 | -8.18 | -32.76 | 26.18 | -3.59 |
| 2022-08-01 | -8.20 | -33.22 | 26.21 | -3.56 |
| 2022-09-01 | -8.09 | -33.28 | 26.81 | -3.68 |
| 2022-10-01 | -8.23 | -33.22 | 27.11 | -3.33 |
| 2022-11-01 | -7.94 | -33.03 | 27.63 | -3.19 |
| 2022-12-01 | -8.01 | -32.84 | 28.65 | -3.33 |
| 2023-01-01 | -7.60 | -32.82 | 29.17 | -2.88 |
| 2023-02-01 | -7.64 | -32.99 | 29.41 | -3.15 |
| 2023-03-01 | -7.47 | -32.41 | 29.94 | -2.97 |
| 2023-04-01 | -7.16 | -32.56 | 30.42 | -2.93 |
| 2023-05-01 | -7.02 | -32.47 | 31.07 | -2.70 |
| 2023-06-01 | -6.74 | -32.13 | 31.97 | -2.60 |
| 2023-07-01 | -6.82 | -32.29 | 33.14 | -3.07 |
| 2023-08-01 | -6.91 | -32.77 | 33.25 | -3.22 |
| 2023-09-01 | -6.61 | -32.56 | 33.17 | -3.02 |
| 2023-10-01 | -7.67 | -36.12 | 33.49 | -3.43 |
| 2023-11-01 | -7.40 | -33.73 | 33.77 | -3.50 |
| 2023-12-01 | -6.91 | -33.71 | 34.33 | -3.19 |
| 2024-01-01 | -7.04 | -33.37 | 34.37 | -3.43 |
| 2024-02-01 | -7.03 | -33.73 | 34.95 | -3.60 |
| 2024-03-01 | -6.91 | -33.85 | 35.23 | -3.62 |
| 2024-04-01 | -6.72 | -33.82 | 35.68 | -3.48 |
| 2024-05-01 | -6.54 | -33.31 | 36.30 | -3.21 |
| 2024-06-01 | -6.80 | -33.52 | 36.47 | -3.68 |
| 2024-07-01 | -7.24 | -36.44 | 37.29 | -3.88 |
| 2024-08-01 | -6.53 | -34.55 | 37.57 | -3.48 |
| 2024-09-01 | -6.36 | -34.55 | 37.79 | -3.40 |
| 2024-10-01 | -6.45 | -35.01 | 37.66 | -3.22 |
| 2024-11-01 | -6.33 | -34.79 | 37.96 | -3.16 |
| 2024-12-01 | -6.18 | -34.90 | 37.84 | -3.08 |
| 2025-01-01 | -6.47 | -36.68 | 38.25 | -3.29 |
| 2025-02-01 | -6.39 | -34.73 | 38.11 | -3.12 |
| 2025-03-01 | -6.37 | -35.60 | 38.39 | -3.13 |
| 2025-04-01 | -6.07 | -34.54 | 38.37 | -3.15 |
| 2025-05-01 | -6.34 | -34.55 | 37.91 | -3.08 |
| 2025-06-01 | -6.54 | -34.97 | 39.01 | -3.22 |
| 2025-07-01 | -6.47 | -34.54 | 37.23 | -2.96 |
| 2025-08-01 | -6.43 | -35.07 | 36.65 | -2.97 |
| 2025-09-01 | -6.22 | -35.09 | 37.59 | -3.21 |
| 2025-10-01 | -6.10 | -34.62 | 37.99 | -3.23 |
| 2025-11-01 | -6.25 | -35.55 | 38.43 | -3.45 |
| 2025-12-01 | -6.18 | -34.95 | 38.60 | -3.57 |
Note: The shaded bars indicate periods of business recession as defined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER): March 2001-November 2001, December 2007–June 2009, and Feburary 2020–April 2020.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, All Employees: Total Nonfarm in Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI metropolitan statistical area (MSA), All Employees: Manufacturing in Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI (MSA), All Employees: Education and Health Services: Health Care and Social Assistance in Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI (MSA), and All Employees: Private Service Providing in Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI (MSA), retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Last Update:
April 07, 2026