The October 2026 Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, Table 2

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Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Branches and Agencies of Foreign Banks in the United States ¹

(Status of Policy as of October 2026)

Questions 1-6 ask about commercial and industrial (C&I) loans at your bank. Questions 1-3 deal with changes in your bank's lending policies over the past three months. Questions 4-5 deal with changes in demand for C&I loans over the past three months. Question 6 asks about changes in prospective demand for C&I loans at your bank, as indicated by the volume of recent inquiries about the availability of new credit lines or increases in existing lines. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

1. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for C&I loans or credit lines - other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions - changed?

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	18	100.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	18	100

2. For applications for C&I loans or credit lines - other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions - that your bank currently is willing to approve, how have the terms of those loans changed over the past three months?

a. Maximum size of credit lines

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	15	88.2
Eased somewhat	2	11.8
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	17	100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	17	100.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	17	100

c. Costs of credit lines

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	11.1
Remained basically unchanged	16	88.9
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	18	100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	18	100.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	18	100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	5.6
Remained basically unchanged	17	94.4
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	18	100

f. Loan covenants

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	17	94.4
Eased somewhat	1	5.6
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	18	100

g. Collateralization requirements

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	18	100.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	18	100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	17	100.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	17	100

3. If your bank has tightened or eased its credit standards or its terms for C&I loans or credit lines over the past three months (as described in questions 1 and 2), how important have the following possible reasons been for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for tightening credit standards or loan terms:

a. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected capital position

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

b. Less favorable or more uncertain economic outlook

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

c. Worsening of industry-specific problems. (please specify industries)

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

d. Less aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

e. Reduced tolerance for risk

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

f. Decreased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

g. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

h. Increased concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or accounting standards

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

B. Possible reasons for easing credit standards or loan terms:

a. Improvement in your bank's current or expected capital position

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

b. More favorable or less uncertain economic outlook

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

c. Improvement in industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

d. More aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

e. Increased tolerance for risk

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

f. Increased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

g. Improvement in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

h. Reduced concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or accounting standards

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

4. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for C&I loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Substantially stronger	1	5.9
Moderately stronger	3	17.6
About the same	13	76.5
Moderately weaker	0	0.0
Substantially weaker	0	0.0
Total	17	100

5. If demand for C&I loans has strengthened or weakened over the past three months (as described in question 4), how important have the following possible reasons been for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. If stronger loan demand (answer 1 or 2 to question 4), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	3	75.0
Somewhat important	1	25.0
Very important	0	0.0
Total	4	100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	2	50.0
Somewhat important	2	50.0
Very important	0	0.0
Total	4	100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment increased

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	0	0.0
Somewhat important	3	75.0
Very important	1	25.0
Total	4	100

d. Customer internally generated funds decreased

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	4	100.0
Somewhat important	0	0.0
Very important	0	0.0
Total	4	100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	1	25.0
Somewhat important	3	75.0
Very important	0	0.0
Total	4	100

f. Customer borrowing shifted to your bank from other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became less attractive

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	2	50.0
Somewhat important	2	50.0
Very important	0	0.0
Total	4	100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity increased

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	4	100.0
Somewhat important	0	0.0
Very important	0	0.0
Total	4	100

B. If weaker loan demand (answer 4 or 5 to question 4), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs decreased

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs decreased

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment decreased

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

d. Customer internally generated funds increased

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs decreased

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

f. Customer borrowing shifted from your bank to other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became more attractive

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity decreased

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

6. At your bank, apart from normal seasonal variation, how has the number of inquiries from potential business borrowers regarding the availability and terms of new credit lines or increases in existing lines changed over the past three months? (Please consider only inquiries for additional or increased C&I lines as opposed to the refinancing of existing loans.)

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
The number of inquiries has increased substantially	2	11.1
The number of inquiries has increased moderately	2	11.1
The number of inquiries has stayed about the same	13	72.2
The number of inquiries has decreased moderately	1	5.6
The number of inquiries has decreased substantially	0	0.0
Total	18	100

Questions 7-8 ask about commercial real estate (CRE) loans at your bank, including construction and land development loans and loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties. Question 7 deals with changes in your bank's standards over the past three months. Question 8 deals with changes in demand. If your bank's lending standards or terms have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if they are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's standards or terms have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards.

7. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for CRE loans or credit lines changed?

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	14.3
Remained basically unchanged	12	85.7
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	14	100

For this question, 4 respondents answered "My bank does not originate CRE loans."

8. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for CRE loans or credit lines changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Substantially stronger	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	2	14.3
About the same	11	78.6
Moderately weaker	1	7.1
Substantially weaker	0	0.0
Total	14	100

Questions 9-13 ask about lending to nondepository financial institutions (NDFIs) at your bank. Questions 9-11 address changes in your bank's lending policies over the past quarter, while Questions 12 and 13 address changes in demand for NDFI loans over the past quarter. For definitions of NDFI loan categories, see FFIEC 002 instructions , Schedule C, item 3.

9. Over the past quarter, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for loans or credit lines to the following NDFIs changed?

A. Standards for mortgage credit intermediaries:

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	11	100.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	11	100

For this question, 6 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans or credit lines to mortgage credit intermediaries"

B. Standards for business credit intermediaries:

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	21.4
Remained basically unchanged	11	78.6
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	14	100

For this question, 4 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans or credit lines to business credit intermediaries"

C. Standards for private equity funds:

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	12.5
Remained basically unchanged	14	87.5
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	16	100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans or credit lines to private equity funds"

D. Standards for consumer credit intermediaries:

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	12	100.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	12	100

For this question, 6 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans or credit lines to consumer credit intermediaries"

E. Standards for other NDFIs:

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	12.5
Remained basically unchanged	14	87.5
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	16	100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans or credit lines to other NDFIs"

10. For applications for NDFI loans or credit lines that your bank currently is willing to approve, how have the following terms of those loans changed over the past quarter?

a. Costs of credit lines

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	12.5
Remained basically unchanged	13	81.2
Eased somewhat	1	6.2
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	16	100

b. Spreads of base loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	12.5
Remained basically unchanged	12	75.0
Eased somewhat	2	12.5
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	16	100

c. Premiums charged on riskier loans

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	6.2
Remained basically unchanged	15	93.8
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	16	100

d. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	15	100.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	15	100

e. Maximum size of credit lines

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	4	25.0
Remained basically unchanged	12	75.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	16	100

f. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	6.2
Remained basically unchanged	15	93.8
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	16	100

g. Loan covenants

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	16	100.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	16	100

h. Collateralization requirements (e.g., borrowing-base requirements, collateral eligibility, and advance rates)

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Tightened considerably	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	6.2
Remained basically unchanged	15	93.8
Eased somewhat	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0
Total	16	100

11. If your bank has tightened or eased its credit standards or its terms for NDFI loans or credit lines over the past quarter (as described in questions 9 and 10), how important have the following possible reasons been for the change?

A. Possible reasons for tightening credit standards or loan terms for NDFI loans or credit lines over the past quarter:

a. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected capital position

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	6	85.7
Somewhat important	1	14.3
Very important	0	0.0
Total	7	100

b. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	7	100.0
Somewhat important	0	0.0
Very important	0	0.0
Total	7	100

c. Increased concerns about correlated drawdowns on your bank’s credit lines by multiple NDFIs

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	5	71.4
Somewhat important	2	28.6
Very important	0	0.0
Total	7	100

d. Less favorable or more uncertain economic outlook

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	4	57.1
Somewhat important	3	42.9
Very important	0	0.0
Total	7	100

e. Less aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	7	100.0
Somewhat important	0	0.0
Very important	0	0.0
Total	7	100

f. Reduced tolerance for risk

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	4	57.1
Somewhat important	3	42.9
Very important	0	0.0
Total	7	100

g. Increased concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards affecting NDFIs or banks

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	5	71.4
Somewhat important	2	28.6
Very important	0	0.0
Total	7	100

h. Deterioration in current or expected financial strength of the NDFI borrowers

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	3	42.9
Somewhat important	4	57.1
Very important	0	0.0
Total	7	100

i. Increased risk of the underlying collateral

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	4	57.1
Somewhat important	2	28.6
Very important	1	14.3
Total	7	100

j. Decreased returns from lending to NDFIs

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Not important	7	100.0
Somewhat important	0	0.0
Very important	0	0.0
Total	7	100

B. Possible reasons for easing credit standards or loan terms for NDFI loans or credit lines over the past quarter:

a. Improvement in your bank's current or expected capital position

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

b. Improvement in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

c. Reduced concerns about correlated drawdowns on your bank’s credit lines by multiple NDFIs

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

d. More favorable or less uncertain economic outlook

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

e. More aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

f. Increased tolerance for risk

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

g. Reduced concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards affecting NDFIs or banks

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

h. Improvement in current or expected financial strength of the NDFI borrowers

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

i. Reduced risk of the underlying collateral

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

j. Increased returns from lending to NDFIs

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

12. How has demand for NDFI loans at your bank changed over the past quarter? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

A. Demand from mortgage credit intermediaries:

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Substantially stronger	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	1	7.7
About the same	11	84.6
Moderately weaker	1	7.7
Substantially weaker	0	0.0
Total	13	100

B. Demand from business credit intermediaries:

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Substantially stronger	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	1	6.2
About the same	14	87.5
Moderately weaker	1	6.2
Substantially weaker	0	0.0
Total	16	100

C. Demand from private equity funds:

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Substantially stronger	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	2	12.5
About the same	14	87.5
Moderately weaker	0	0.0
Substantially weaker	0	0.0
Total	16	100

D. Demand from consumer credit intermediaries:

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Substantially stronger	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	0	0.0
About the same	13	92.9
Moderately weaker	1	7.1
Substantially weaker	0	0.0
Total	14	100

E. Demand from other NDFIs:

	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents
Substantially stronger	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	0	0.0
About the same	14	93.3
Moderately weaker	1	6.7
Substantially weaker	0	0.0
Total	15	100

13. If demand for NDFI loans at your bank has strengthened or weakened over the past quarter, how important have the following possible reasons been for the change?

A. Possible reasons for stronger NDFI loan demand over the past quarter:

a. Improvement in NDFIs’ investment opportunities related to nonfinancial businesses, households, or non-financial assets

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

b. Improvement in NDFIs’ investment opportunities related to financial markets or other financial institutions

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

c. Improvement in NDFIs' financial condition or creditworthiness

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

d. Increased NDFIs’ working capital or liquidity needs

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

e. Increased NDFIs’ refinancing needs (maturing debt, debt restructuring)

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

f. General level of interest rates decreased

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

g. NDFI borrowing shifted to your bank from other banks

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

h. NDFI borrowing shifted to your bank from nonbank or capital-market sources

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

i. Changes in regulations affecting NDFIs or banks

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

B. Possible reasons for weaker NDFI loan demand over the past quarter:

a. Deterioration in NDFIs’ investment opportunities related to nonfinancial businesses, households, or non-financial assets

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

b. Deterioration in NDFIs’ investment opportunities related to financial markets or other financial institutions

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

c. Deterioration in NDFIs' financial condition or creditworthiness

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

d. Decreased NDFIs’ working capital or liquidity needs

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

e. Decreased NDFIs’ refinancing needs (maturing debt, debt restructuring)

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

f. General level of interest rates increased

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

g. NDFI borrowing shifted from your bank to other banks

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

h. NDFI borrowing shifted from your bank to nonbank or capital-market sources

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

i. Changes in regulations affecting NDFIs or banks

Responses are not reported when the number of respondents is 3 or fewer.

1. As of June 30, 2026, the 18 respondents had combined assets of $2 trillion, compared to $3.6 trillion for all foreign-related banking institutions in the United States. The sample is selected from among the largest foreign-related banking institutions in those Federal Reserve Districts where such institutions are common. Return to text

Last Update: November 02, 2026

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices

Table 2 PDF RSS DDP

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Branches and Agencies of Foreign Banks in the United States 1

(Status of Policy as of October 2026)

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Branches and Agencies of Foreign Banks in the United States ¹