Financial Accounts of the United States - Z.1
F.4 Saving and investment by sector1
Billions of dollars; quarterly figures are seasonally adjusted annual rates
| Line | Description | Series | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024:Q3 | 2024:Q4 | 2025:Q1 | 2025:Q2 | 2025:Q3 | 2025:Q4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Line 1 | Gross saving | FA886000115 | 4735.3 | 4832.5 | 5166.1 | 4682.5 | 4893.4 | 4997.8 | 5055.6 | 5247.3 | 5363.7 |
| Line 2 | Net saving | FA896006005 | 164.6 | 35.8 | 100.3 | -151.7 | -2.4 | 54.6 | 60.8 | 135.2 | 150.4 |
| Line 3 | Net private saving | FA836006005 | 2009.1 | 2088.9 | 2139.2 | 1984.3 | 2099.2 | 2160.0 | 2142.0 | 2164.0 | 2090.7 |
| Line 4 | Domestic business | FA826006005 | 849.9 | 895.7 | 1077.7 | 857.1 | 1046.8 | 996.8 | 1001.6 | 1150.9 | 1161.6 |
| Line 5 | Nonfinancial corporate business | FA106012005 | 732.0 | 651.3 | 692.4 | 660.1 | 652.6 | 677.2 | 690.2 | 695.0 | 707.2 |
| Line 6 | Financial business | FA796012005 | 117.9 | 244.4 | 385.4 | 197.0 | 394.2 | 319.6 | 311.5 | 455.9 | 454.4 |
| Line 7 | Households and institutions | FA156006005 | 1159.2 | 1193.2 | 1061.5 | 1127.2 | 1052.4 | 1163.3 | 1140.3 | 1013.1 | 929.2 |
| Line 8 | Net government saving | FA366006005 | -1844.5 | -2053.2 | -2038.9 | -2136.0 | -2101.6 | -2105.4 | -2081.2 | -2028.8 | -1940.3 |
| Line 9 | Federal | FA316006005 | -1717.1 | -1874.5 | -1821.9 | -1955.5 | -1934.5 | -1920.9 | -1892.6 | -1786.6 | -1687.5 |
| Line 10 | State and local | FA216006005 | -127.4 | -178.7 | -217.0 | -180.4 | -167.2 | -184.6 | -188.6 | -242.2 | -252.8 |
| Line 11 | Consumption of fixed capital | FA886300095 | 4570.7 | 4796.7 | 5065.8 | 4834.1 | 4895.8 | 4943.2 | 4994.8 | 5112.1 | 5213.3 |
| Line 12 | Private | FA836300005 | 3800.4 | 3992.9 | 4216.5 | 4025.2 | 4076.1 | 4112.4 | 4154.2 | 4256.8 | 4342.7 |
| Line 13 | Domestic business | FA826300003 | 2952.0 | 3114.6 | 3302.6 | 3139.8 | 3184.5 | 3213.5 | 3247.9 | 3335.8 | 3413.1 |
| Line 14 | Nonfinancial corporate business | FA106300003 | 2154.3 | 2274.4 | 2414.4 | 2291.7 | 2325.0 | 2348.1 | 2374.6 | 2439.0 | 2495.7 |
| Line 15 | Nonfinancial noncorporate business | FA116300001 | 473.7 | 495.4 | 519.1 | 498.8 | 504.0 | 507.7 | 512.9 | 523.7 | 532.0 |
| Line 16 | Financial business | FA796330081 | 324.1 | 344.8 | 369.1 | 349.3 | 355.5 | 357.6 | 360.4 | 373.1 | 385.5 |
| Line 17 | Households and institutions | FA156300003 | 848.4 | 878.3 | 913.9 | 885.4 | 891.6 | 899.0 | 906.3 | 921.0 | 929.5 |
| Line 18 | Government | FA366300005 | 770.3 | 803.8 | 849.3 | 808.9 | 819.7 | 830.8 | 840.6 | 855.3 | 870.6 |
| Line 19 | Federal | FA316300001 | 375.2 | 393.4 | 417.7 | 395.9 | 402.3 | 408.3 | 412.8 | 420.7 | 428.8 |
| Line 20 | State and local | FA216300001 | 395.2 | 410.4 | 431.7 | 413.0 | 417.3 | 422.4 | 427.9 | 434.6 | 441.8 |
| Line 21 | Gross domestic investment, capital account transactions, and net lending, NIPAs | FA885090015 | 5061.1 | 5128.8 | 5401.5 | 5076.9 | 5158.5 | 5144.2 | 5296.5 | 5555.9 | 5609.6 |
| Line 22 | Gross domestic investment | FA885019905 | 5999.0 | 6308.6 | 6572.0 | 6395.3 | 6341.1 | 6646.9 | 6463.6 | 6535.0 | 6642.5 |
| Line 23 | Gross private domestic investment | FA835019905 | 5023.7 | 5259.3 | 5462.7 | 5330.2 | 5261.8 | 5556.2 | 5358.6 | 5419.0 | 5517.0 |
| Line 24 | Domestic business | FA825019905 | 3827.9 | 3982.0 | 4150.7 | 4059.3 | 3963.8 | 4246.0 | 4050.0 | 4108.5 | 4198.4 |
| Line 25 | Nonfinancial corporate business | FA105019985 | 2854.1 | 2959.3 | 3070.7 | 3023.2 | 2932.3 | 3156.0 | 2986.0 | 3032.7 | 3108.0 |
| Line 26 | Nonfinancial noncorporate business | FA115050085 | 614.5 | 628.8 | 636.9 | 634.8 | 626.0 | 666.6 | 628.4 | 624.2 | 628.6 |
| Line 27 | Financial business | FA795013005 | 359.3 | 394.0 | 443.1 | 401.3 | 405.4 | 423.4 | 435.6 | 451.7 | 461.7 |
| Line 28 | Households and institutions | FA155019005 | 1195.8 | 1277.3 | 1312.0 | 1271.0 | 1298.0 | 1310.2 | 1308.7 | 1310.5 | 1318.6 |
| Line 29 | Gross government investment | FA365019005 | 975.3 | 1049.3 | 1109.3 | 1065.0 | 1079.3 | 1090.6 | 1105.0 | 1115.9 | 1125.5 |
| Line 30 | Federal | FA315019001 | 426.0 | 450.9 | 470.9 | 461.0 | 464.2 | 467.9 | 468.8 | 473.1 | 474.1 |
| Line 31 | State and local | FA215019001 | 549.3 | 598.4 | 638.3 | 604.0 | 615.1 | 622.8 | 636.2 | 642.9 | 651.4 |
| Line 32 | Capital account transactions (net)2 | FA265430003 | 7.5 | -2.7 | -0.4 | 9.7 | -37.9 | -27.1 | 8.2 | 4.8 | 12.6 |
| Line 33 | Private | FA835430005 | -165.7 | -70.4 | -4.4 | -90.4 | -91.1 | -55.3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 31.9 |
| Line 34 | Domestic business | FA825430005 | -49.4 | -4.1 | 19.5 | -20.9 | 1.6 | 45.4 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 31.3 |
| Line 35 | Nonfinancial corporate business | FA105430005 | -3.5 | -20.0 | -1.2 | -51.3 | -31.6 | -31.9 | -2.1 | -1.3 | 30.7 |
| Line 36 | Nonfinancial noncorporate business | FA115440005 | 0.0 | -8.9 | -8.1 | -14.8 | -20.8 | -30.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -1.7 |
| Line 37 | Financial business | FA795440005 | -45.9 | 24.8 | 28.7 | 45.2 | 53.9 | 107.9 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 |
| Line 38 | Households and institutions | FA155430005 | -116.3 | -66.3 | -23.8 | -69.5 | -92.7 | -100.7 | 3.3 | 1.5 | 0.6 |
| Line 39 | Government | FA365430005 | 173.2 | 67.7 | 3.6 | 100.1 | 53.2 | 28.1 | 4.7 | 2.3 | -20.6 |
| Line 40 | Federal | FA315430005 | 249.7 | 174.2 | 104.2 | 188.0 | 225.9 | 127.6 | 95.8 | 95.3 | 98.2 |
| Line 41 | State and local | FA215430005 | -76.5 | -106.5 | -100.6 | -87.9 | -172.7 | -99.5 | -91.1 | -93.0 | -118.8 |
| Line 42 | Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-), NIPAs3 | FA885000905 | -945.3 | -1177.1 | -1170.1 | -1328.1 | -1144.7 | -1475.5 | -1175.3 | -983.9 | -1045.5 |
| Line 43 | Private | FA835000905 | 1277.3 | 1189.2 | 1132.5 | 1164.1 | 1269.8 | 918.0 | 1174.9 | 1307.9 | 1129.1 |
| Line 44 | Domestic business | FA825000905 | 349.2 | 328.7 | 445.2 | 352.9 | 531.1 | 65.3 | 440.2 | 685.8 | 589.6 |
| Line 45 | Nonfinancial corporate business3 | FA105000995 | 361.6 | 282.6 | 272.3 | 374.4 | 342.0 | 47.7 | 321.7 | 411.2 | 308.6 |
| Line 46 | Nonfinancial noncorporate business | FA115000905 | -140.9 | -124.4 | -109.8 | -121.2 | -101.3 | -128.4 | -115.5 | -100.5 | -94.9 |
| Line 47 | Financial business | FA795000905 | 128.5 | 170.4 | 282.7 | 99.7 | 290.4 | 145.9 | 234.0 | 375.1 | 375.8 |
| Line 48 | Households and institutions | FA155000905 | 928.1 | 860.6 | 687.2 | 811.2 | 738.7 | 852.7 | 734.7 | 622.1 | 539.5 |
| Line 49 | Government | FA365000905 | -2222.7 | -2366.4 | -2302.5 | -2492.2 | -2414.5 | -2393.5 | -2350.2 | -2291.8 | -2174.6 |
| Line 50 | Federal | FA315000905 | -2017.7 | -2106.2 | -1979.4 | -2208.6 | -2222.2 | -2108.0 | -2044.4 | -1934.3 | -1830.9 |
| Line 51 | State and local | FA215000905 | -205.0 | -260.1 | -323.1 | -283.6 | -192.3 | -285.4 | -305.8 | -357.5 | -343.7 |
| Line 52 | Statistical discrepancy (line 21 less line 1) | FA087005005 | 325.9 | 296.3 | 235.4 | 394.4 | 265.2 | 146.5 | 240.9 | 308.6 | 245.9 |
| Addenda: | |||||||||||
| Line 53 | Disaster losses | FA895404005 | 0.0 | 32.0 | 11.0 | 8.0 | 120.0 | 44.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Line 54 | Private | FA835404005 | 0.0 | 27.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 108.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Line 55 | Domestic business | FA825404003 | 0.0 | 13.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 55.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Line 56 | Households and institutions | FA155404003 | 0.0 | 13.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 52.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Line 57 | Government | FA365404005 | 0.0 | 5.0 | 11.0 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 44.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Line 58 | Federal | FA315404003 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Line 59 | State and local | FA215404003 | 0.0 | 5.0 | 11.0 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 44.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Notes:
- This table is based on NIPA table 5.1 in the Survey of Current Business, Bureau of Economic Analysis (www.bea.gov). It is consistent with the Integrated Macroeconomic Accounts of the United States jointly compiled by the Federal Reserve Board and the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
- Consists of net capital transfers shown on table F.5 and the acquisition of nonproduced nonfinancial assets (net) shown on table F.2.
- Differs from net lending or net borrowing (capital account) in the Integrated Macroeconomic Accounts of the United States by the statistical discrepancy (line 52).
Last Update: 2026-03-19