Table 1 PDF RSS DDP

Table 1 | Table 2 | Chart Data
Table 1 (PDF) | Table 2 (PDF) | Charts (PDF)

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States 1

(Status of Policy as of July 2019)

Questions 1-6 ask about commercial and industrial (C&I) loans at your bank. Questions 1-3 deal with changes in your bank's lending policies over the past three months. Questions 4-5 deal with changes in demand for C&I loans over the past three months. Question 6 asks about changes in prospective demand for C&I loans at your bank, as indicated by the volume of recent inquiries about the availability of new credit lines or increases in existing lines. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

1. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for C&I loans or credit lines—other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions—to large and middle-market firms and to small firms changed? (If your bank defines firm size differently from the categories suggested below, please use your definitions and indicate what they are.)

A. Standards for large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 2 2.8 0 0.0 2 4.9
Remained basically unchanged 65 91.5 26 86.7 39 95.1
Eased somewhat 4 5.6 4 13.3 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 71 100 30 100 41 100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to large and middle-market firms."

B. Standards for small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 2 2.9 1 3.7 1 2.4
Remained basically unchanged 61 88.4 23 85.2 38 90.5
Eased somewhat 6 8.7 3 11.1 3 7.1
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 69 100 27 100 42 100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to small firms."

2. For applications for C&I loans or credit lines—other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions—from large and middle-market firms and from small firms that your bank currently is willing to approve, how have the terms of those loans changed over the past three months?

A. Terms for large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

a. Maximum size of credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 1 1.4 1 3.3 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 61 85.9 21 70.0 40 97.6
Eased somewhat 9 12.7 8 26.7 1 2.4
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 71 100 30 100 41 100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 66 94.3 27 93.1 39 95.1
Eased somewhat 4 5.7 2 6.9 2 4.9
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 70 100 29 100 41 100

c. Costs of credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 4 5.7 0 0.0 4 9.8
Remained basically unchanged 55 78.6 24 82.8 31 75.6
Eased somewhat 11 15.7 5 17.2 6 14.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 70 100 29 100 41 100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 6 8.5 0 0.0 6 14.6
Remained basically unchanged 40 56.3 17 56.7 23 56.1
Eased somewhat 25 35.2 13 43.3 12 29.3
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 71 100 30 100 41 100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 9 13.0 4 13.8 5 12.5
Remained basically unchanged 55 79.7 23 79.3 32 80.0
Eased somewhat 5 7.2 2 6.9 3 7.5
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 69 100 29 100 40 100

f. Loan covenants

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 2 2.8 0 0.0 2 4.9
Remained basically unchanged 59 83.1 21 70.0 38 92.7
Eased somewhat 10 14.1 9 30.0 1 2.4
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 71 100 30 100 41 100

g. Collateralization requirements

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 2 2.9 1 3.4 1 2.5
Remained basically unchanged 67 97.1 28 96.6 39 97.5
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 69 100 29 100 40 100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.4 0 0.0 1 2.4
Tightened somewhat 4 5.7 2 6.9 2 4.9
Remained basically unchanged 63 90.0 27 93.1 36 87.8
Eased somewhat 1 1.4 0 0.0 1 2.4
Eased considerably 1 1.4 0 0.0 1 2.4
Total 70 100 29 100 41 100

B. Terms for small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

a. Maximum size of credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 64 94.1 23 88.5 41 97.6
Eased somewhat 4 5.9 3 11.5 1 2.4
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 68 100 26 100 42 100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 1 1.5 0 0.0 1 2.4
Remained basically unchanged 63 92.6 24 92.3 39 92.9
Eased somewhat 4 5.9 2 7.7 2 4.8
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 68 100 26 100 42 100

c. Costs of credit lines

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 3 4.4 0 0.0 3 7.1
Remained basically unchanged 58 85.3 25 96.2 33 78.6
Eased somewhat 7 10.3 1 3.8 6 14.3
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 68 100 26 100 42 100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 5 7.4 0 0.0 5 11.9
Remained basically unchanged 46 67.6 20 76.9 26 61.9
Eased somewhat 17 25.0 6 23.1 11 26.2
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 68 100 26 100 42 100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 3 4.4 0 0.0 3 7.1
Remained basically unchanged 61 89.7 24 92.3 37 88.1
Eased somewhat 4 5.9 2 7.7 2 4.8
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 68 100 26 100 42 100

f. Loan covenants

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 1 1.5 0 0.0 1 2.4
Remained basically unchanged 61 89.7 22 84.6 39 92.9
Eased somewhat 6 8.8 4 15.4 2 4.8
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 68 100 26 100 42 100

g. Collateralization requirements

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 2 2.9 0 0.0 2 4.8
Remained basically unchanged 64 94.1 25 96.2 39 92.9
Eased somewhat 2 2.9 1 3.8 1 2.4
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 68 100 26 100 42 100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.5 0 0.0 1 2.5
Tightened somewhat 2 3.1 0 0.0 2 5.0
Remained basically unchanged 58 89.2 24 96.0 34 85.0
Eased somewhat 3 4.6 1 4.0 2 5.0
Eased considerably 1 1.5 0 0.0 1 2.5
Total 65 100 25 100 40 100

3. If your bank has tightened or eased its credit standards or its terms for C&I loans or credit lines over the past three months (as described in questions 1 and 2), how important have been the following possible reasons for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for tightening credit standards or loan terms:

a. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected capital position

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 11 84.6 3 75.0 8 88.9
Somewhat important 1 7.7 1 25.0 0 0.0
Very important 1 7.7 0 0.0 1 11.1
Total 13 100 4 100 9 100

b. Less favorable or more uncertain economic outlook

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 2 15.4 0 0.0 2 22.2
Somewhat important 8 61.5 3 75.0 5 55.6
Very important 3 23.1 1 25.0 2 22.2
Total 13 100 4 100 9 100

c. Worsening of industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 4 33.3 1 25.0 3 37.5
Somewhat important 7 58.3 3 75.0 4 50.0
Very important 1 8.3 0 0.0 1 12.5
Total 12 100 4 100 8 100

d. Less aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 10 76.9 4 100.0 6 66.7
Somewhat important 3 23.1 0 0.0 3 33.3
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 13 100 4 100 9 100

e. Reduced tolerance for risk

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 5 38.5 3 75.0 2 22.2
Somewhat important 8 61.5 1 25.0 7 77.8
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 13 100 4 100 9 100

f. Decreased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 10 76.9 3 75.0 7 77.8
Somewhat important 3 23.1 1 25.0 2 22.2
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 13 100 4 100 9 100

g. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 12 92.3 4 100.0 8 88.9
Somewhat important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Very important 1 7.7 0 0.0 1 11.1
Total 13 100 4 100 9 100

h. Increased concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 9 69.2 4 100.0 5 55.6
Somewhat important 3 23.1 0 0.0 3 33.3
Very important 1 7.7 0 0.0 1 11.1
Total 13 100 4 100 9 100

B. Possible reasons for easing credit standards or loan terms:

a. Improvement in your bank's current or expected capital position

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 23 79.3 13 81.2 10 76.9
Somewhat important 6 20.7 3 18.8 3 23.1
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 29 100 16 100 13 100

b. More favorable or less uncertain economic outlook

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 19 63.3 11 64.7 8 61.5
Somewhat important 9 30.0 5 29.4 4 30.8
Very important 2 6.7 1 5.9 1 7.7
Total 30 100 17 100 13 100

c. Improvement in industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 22 81.5 15 88.2 7 70.0
Somewhat important 4 14.8 1 5.9 3 30.0
Very important 1 3.7 1 5.9 0 0.0
Total 27 100 17 100 10 100

d. More aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 3 9.7 3 16.7 0 0.0
Somewhat important 14 45.2 8 44.4 6 46.2
Very important 14 45.2 7 38.9 7 53.8
Total 31 100 18 100 13 100

e. Increased tolerance for risk

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 19 63.3 11 64.7 8 61.5
Somewhat important 10 33.3 5 29.4 5 38.5
Very important 1 3.3 1 5.9 0 0.0
Total 30 100 17 100 13 100

f. Increased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 24 80.0 15 88.2 9 69.2
Somewhat important 6 20.0 2 11.8 4 30.8
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 30 100 17 100 13 100

g. Improvement in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 26 86.7 16 94.1 10 76.9
Somewhat important 4 13.3 1 5.9 3 23.1
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 30 100 17 100 13 100

h. Reduced concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 24 82.8 14 87.5 10 76.9
Somewhat important 5 17.2 2 12.5 3 23.1
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 29 100 16 100 13 100

4. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for C&I loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

A. Demand for C&I loans from large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 1 1.4 0 0.0 1 2.4
Moderately stronger 12 16.9 10 33.3 2 4.9
About the same 44 62.0 14 46.7 30 73.2
Moderately weaker 14 19.7 6 20.0 8 19.5
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 71 100 30 100 41 100

B. Demand for C&I loans from small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 1 1.5 0 0.0 1 2.4
Moderately stronger 5 7.5 3 11.5 2 4.9
About the same 49 73.1 18 69.2 31 75.6
Moderately weaker 12 17.9 5 19.2 7 17.1
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 67 100 26 100 41 100

5. If demand for C&I loans has strengthened or weakened over the past three months (as described in question 4), how important have been the following possible reasons for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. If stronger loan demand (answer 1 or 2 to question 4A or 4B), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 5 45.5 4 57.1 1 25.0
Somewhat important 6 54.5 3 42.9 3 75.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 11 100 7 100 4 100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 5 41.7 4 50.0 1 25.0
Somewhat important 7 58.3 4 50.0 3 75.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 12 100 8 100 4 100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 7 58.3 5 62.5 2 50.0
Somewhat important 5 41.7 3 37.5 2 50.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 12 100 8 100 4 100

d. Customer internally generated funds decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 7 63.6 4 57.1 3 75.0
Somewhat important 4 36.4 3 42.9 1 25.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 11 100 7 100 4 100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 5 38.5 1 11.1 4 100.0
Somewhat important 6 46.2 6 66.7 0 0.0
Very important 2 15.4 2 22.2 0 0.0
Total 13 100 9 100 4 100

f. Customer borrowing shifted to your bank from other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became less attractive

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 7 58.3 3 37.5 4 100.0
Somewhat important 5 41.7 5 62.5 0 0.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 12 100 8 100 4 100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 7 70.0 3 50.0 4 100.0
Somewhat important 3 30.0 3 50.0 0 0.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 10 100 6 100 4 100

B. If weaker loan demand (answer 4 or 5 to question 4A or 4B), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 3 23.1 0 0.0 3 37.5
Somewhat important 10 76.9 5 100.0 5 62.5
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 13 100 5 100 8 100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 4 30.8 0 0.0 4 50.0
Somewhat important 9 69.2 5 100.0 4 50.0
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 13 100 5 100 8 100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Somewhat important 12 80.0 5 83.3 7 77.8
Very important 3 20.0 1 16.7 2 22.2
Total 15 100 6 100 9 100

d. Customer internally generated funds increased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 2 15.4 1 16.7 1 14.3
Somewhat important 11 84.6 5 83.3 6 85.7
Very important 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 13 100 6 100 7 100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 4 26.7 1 16.7 3 33.3
Somewhat important 8 53.3 4 66.7 4 44.4
Very important 3 20.0 1 16.7 2 22.2
Total 15 100 6 100 9 100

f. Customer borrowing shifted from your bank to other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became more attractive

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 7 53.8 2 40.0 5 62.5
Somewhat important 5 38.5 2 40.0 3 37.5
Very important 1 7.7 1 20.0 0 0.0
Total 13 100 5 100 8 100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity decreased

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Not important 6 46.2 3 60.0 3 37.5
Somewhat important 6 46.2 2 40.0 4 50.0
Very important 1 7.7 0 0.0 1 12.5
Total 13 100 5 100 8 100

6. At your bank, apart from seasonal variation, how has the number of inquiries from potential business borrowers regarding the availability and terms of new credit lines or increases in existing lines changed over the past three months? (Please consider only inquiries for additional or increased C&I lines as opposed to the refinancing of existing loans.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
The number of inquiries has increased substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
The number of inquiries has increased moderately 11 15.3 6 20.0 5 11.9
The number of inquiries has stayed about the same 50 69.4 19 63.3 31 73.8
The number of inquiries has decreased moderately 11 15.3 5 16.7 6 14.3
The number of inquiries has decreased substantially 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 72 100 30 100 42 100

Questions 7-12 ask about changes in standards and demand over the past three months for three different types of commercial real estate (CRE) loans at your bank: construction and land development loans, loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties, and loans secured by multifamily residential properties. Please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

7. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for construction and land development loans or credit lines changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.4 0 0.0 1 2.3
Tightened somewhat 6 8.3 1 3.4 5 11.6
Remained basically unchanged 62 86.1 26 89.7 36 83.7
Eased somewhat 3 4.2 2 6.9 1 2.3
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 72 100 29 100 43 100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate construction and land development loans or credit lines."

8. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 1 1.4 0 0.0 1 2.3
Tightened somewhat 6 8.2 2 6.7 4 9.3
Remained basically unchanged 63 86.3 26 86.7 37 86.0
Eased somewhat 3 4.1 2 6.7 1 2.3
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 73 100 30 100 43 100

9. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for loans secured by multifamily residential properties changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 2 2.7 0 0.0 2 4.7
Tightened somewhat 7 9.6 1 3.3 6 14.0
Remained basically unchanged 60 82.2 26 86.7 34 79.1
Eased somewhat 4 5.5 3 10.0 1 2.3
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 73 100 30 100 43 100

10. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for construction and land development loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 1 1.4 0 0.0 1 2.3
Moderately stronger 5 6.9 3 10.3 2 4.7
About the same 51 70.8 20 69.0 31 72.1
Moderately weaker 15 20.8 6 20.7 9 20.9
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 72 100 29 100 43 100

11. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 5 6.9 2 6.9 3 7.0
About the same 59 81.9 25 86.2 34 79.1
Moderately weaker 8 11.1 2 6.9 6 14.0
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 72 100 29 100 43 100

12. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for loans secured by multifamily residential properties changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 11 15.3 7 23.3 4 9.5
About the same 51 70.8 20 66.7 31 73.8
Moderately weaker 10 13.9 3 10.0 7 16.7
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 72 100 30 100 42 100

Note: Beginning with the January 2015 survey, the loan categories referred to in the questions regarding changes in credit standards and demand for residential mortgage loans have been revised to reflect the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's qualified mortgage rules.

Questions 13-14 ask about seven categories of residential mortgage loans at your bank: Government-Sponsored Enterprise eligible (GSE-eligible) residential mortgages, government residential mortgages, Qualified Mortgage non-jumbo non-GSE-eligible (QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible) residential mortgages, QM jumbo residential mortgages, non-QM jumbo residential mortgages, non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages, and subprime residential mortgages. For the purposes of this survey, please use the following definitions of these loan categories and include first-lien closed-end loans to purchase homes only. The loan categories have been defined so that every first-lien closed-end residential mortgage loan used for home purchase fits into one of the following seven categories:

  • The GSE-eligible category of residential mortgages includes loans that meet the underwriting guidelines, including loan limit amounts, of the GSEs - Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
     
  • The government category of residential mortgages includes loans that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration, guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, or originated under government programs, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture home loan programs.
     
  • The QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible category of residential mortgages includes loans that satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are below the loan limit amounts set by the GSEs but otherwise do not meet the GSE underwriting guidelines.
     
  • The QM jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage but have loan balances that are above the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.
     
  • The non-QM jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that do not satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are above the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.
     
  • The non-QM non-jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that do not satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are below the loan limit amount set by the GSEs. (Please exclude loans classified by your bank as subprime in this category.)
     
  • The subprime category of residential mortgages includes loans classified by your bank as subprime. This category typically includes loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories that include payment delinquencies, charge-offs, judgements, and/or bankruptcies; reduced repayment capacity as measured by credit scores or debt-to-income ratios; or incomplete credit histories.


Question 13 deals with changes in your bank's credit standards for loans in each of the seven loan categories over the past three months. If your bank's credit standards have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if the standards are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's credit standards have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards. Question 14 deals with changes in demand for loans in each of the seven loan categories over the past three months.

13. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications from individuals for mortgage loans to purchase homes changed? (Please consider only new originations as opposed to the refinancing of existing mortgages.)

A. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as GSE-eligible residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 3 4.7 0 0.0 3 7.3
Remained basically unchanged 59 92.2 22 95.7 37 90.2
Eased somewhat 2 3.1 1 4.3 1 2.4
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 64 100 23 100 41 100

For this question, 7 respondents answered "My bank does not originate GSE-eligible residential mortgages."

B. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as government residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Remained basically unchanged 57 95.0 20 95.2 37 94.9
Eased somewhat 2 3.3 1 4.8 1 2.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 21 100 39 100

For this question, 11 respondents answered "My bank does not originate government residential mortgages."

C. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 60 95.2 22 95.7 38 95.0
Eased somewhat 3 4.8 1 4.3 2 5.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 63 100 23 100 40 100

For this question, 8 respondents answered "My bank does not originate QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages."

D. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as QM jumbo residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 3 4.5 0 0.0 3 7.1
Remained basically unchanged 60 90.9 22 91.7 38 90.5
Eased somewhat 3 4.5 2 8.3 1 2.4
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 66 100 24 100 42 100

For this question, 5 respondents answered "My bank does not originate QM jumbo residential mortgages."

E. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as non-QM jumbo residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 2 3.4 0 0.0 2 5.7
Remained basically unchanged 51 86.4 20 83.3 31 88.6
Eased somewhat 6 10.2 4 16.7 2 5.7
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 24 100 35 100

For this question, 12 respondents answered "My bank does not originate non-QM jumbo residential mortgages."

F. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 53 93.0 22 91.7 31 93.9
Eased somewhat 4 7.0 2 8.3 2 6.1
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 57 100 24 100 33 100

For this question, 14 respondents answered "My bank does not originate non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages."

G. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as subprime residential mortgages have:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 6 100.0 1 100.0 5 100.0
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 6 100 1 100 5 100

For this question, 65 respondents answered "My bank does not originate subprime residential mortgages."

14. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for mortgages to purchase homes changed over the past three months? (Please consider only applications for new originations as opposed to applications for refinancing of existing mortgages.)

A. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as GSE-eligible residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 5 7.9 4 17.4 1 2.5
Moderately stronger 29 46.0 9 39.1 20 50.0
About the same 28 44.4 10 43.5 18 45.0
Moderately weaker 1 1.6 0 0.0 1 2.5
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 63 100 23 100 40 100

B. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as government residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 3 5.0 2 9.5 1 2.6
Moderately stronger 21 35.0 7 33.3 14 35.9
About the same 34 56.7 11 52.4 23 59.0
Moderately weaker 2 3.3 1 4.8 1 2.6
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 21 100 39 100

C. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 1 1.6 1 4.3 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 21 33.3 8 34.8 13 32.5
About the same 39 61.9 13 56.5 26 65.0
Moderately weaker 2 3.2 1 4.3 1 2.5
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 63 100 23 100 40 100

D. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as QM jumbo residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 3 4.5 3 12.5 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 26 39.4 13 54.2 13 31.0
About the same 34 51.5 8 33.3 26 61.9
Moderately weaker 3 4.5 0 0.0 3 7.1
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 66 100 24 100 42 100

E. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as non-QM jumbo residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 3 5.2 3 12.5 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 18 31.0 11 45.8 7 20.6
About the same 33 56.9 9 37.5 24 70.6
Moderately weaker 4 6.9 1 4.2 3 8.8
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 58 100 24 100 34 100

F. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 2 3.5 2 8.3 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 17 29.8 9 37.5 8 24.2
About the same 36 63.2 12 50.0 24 72.7
Moderately weaker 2 3.5 1 4.2 1 3.0
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 57 100 24 100 33 100

G. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as subprime residential mortgages was:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 2 33.3 1 100.0 1 20.0
About the same 4 66.7 0 0.0 4 80.0
Moderately weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 6 100 1 100 5 100

Questions 15-16 ask about revolving home equity lines of credit at your bank. Question 15 deals with changes in your bank's credit standards over the past three months. Question 16 deals with changes in demand. If your bank's credit standards have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if they are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's credit standards have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards.

15. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for revolving home equity lines of credit changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 63 98.4 23 95.8 40 100.0
Eased somewhat 1 1.6 1 4.2 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 64 100 24 100 40 100

For this question, 5 respondents answered "My bank does not originate revolving home equity lines of credit."

16. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for revolving home equity lines of credit changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 12 18.8 5 20.8 7 17.5
About the same 42 65.6 13 54.2 29 72.5
Moderately weaker 8 12.5 5 20.8 3 7.5
Substantially weaker 2 3.1 1 4.2 1 2.5
Total 64 100 24 100 40 100

Questions 17-26 ask about consumer lending at your bank. Question 17 deals with changes in your bank's willingness to make consumer loans over the past three months. Questions 18-23 deal with changes in credit standards and loan terms over the same period. Questions 24-26 deal with changes in demand for consumer loans over the past three months. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

17. Please indicate your bank's willingness to make consumer installment loans now as opposed to three months ago.

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Much more willing 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Somewhat more willing 4 6.7 0 0.0 4 10.3
About unchanged 55 91.7 20 95.2 35 89.7
Somewhat less willing 1 1.7 1 4.8 0 0.0
Much less willing 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 21 100 39 100

For this question, 10 respondents answered "My bank does not originate consumer installment loans."

18. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for credit cards from individuals or households changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 6 12.8 5 21.7 1 4.2
Remained basically unchanged 39 83.0 18 78.3 21 87.5
Eased somewhat 2 4.3 0 0.0 2 8.3
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 47 100 23 100 24 100

For this question, 21 respondents answered "My bank does not originate credit card loans to individuals or households."

19. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for auto loans to individuals or households changed? (Please include loans arising from retail sales of passenger cars and other vehicles such as minivans, vans, sport-utility vehicles, pickup trucks, and similar light trucks for personal use, whether new or used. Please exclude loans to finance fleet sales, personal cash loans secured by automobiles already paid for, loans to finance the purchase of commercial vehicles and farm equipment, and lease financing.)

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 2 3.5 1 5.3 1 2.6
Remained basically unchanged 55 96.5 18 94.7 37 97.4
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 57 100 19 100 38 100

For this question, 12 respondents answered "My bank does not originate auto loans to individuals or households."

20. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans changed?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 6 10.0 3 13.6 3 7.9
Remained basically unchanged 53 88.3 19 86.4 34 89.5
Eased somewhat 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 22 100 38 100

For this question, 9 respondents answered "My bank does not originate consumer loans other than credit card or auto loans."

21. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on new or existing credit card accounts for individuals or households?

a. Credit limits

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 6 13.3 5 21.7 1 4.5
Remained basically unchanged 35 77.8 16 69.6 19 86.4
Eased somewhat 4 8.9 2 8.7 2 9.1
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 45 100 23 100 22 100

b. Spreads of interest rates charged on outstanding balances over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 2 4.4 0 0.0 2 9.1
Remained basically unchanged 42 93.3 23 100.0 19 86.4
Eased somewhat 1 2.2 0 0.0 1 4.5
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 45 100 23 100 22 100

c. Minimum percent of outstanding balances required to be repaid each month

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 45 100.0 23 100.0 22 100.0
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 45 100 23 100 22 100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 6 13.3 6 26.1 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 38 84.4 17 73.9 21 95.5
Eased somewhat 1 2.2 0 0.0 1 4.5
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 45 100 23 100 22 100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 5 11.1 4 17.4 1 4.5
Remained basically unchanged 39 86.7 19 82.6 20 90.9
Eased somewhat 1 2.2 0 0.0 1 4.5
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 45 100 23 100 22 100

22. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on loans to individuals or households to purchase autos?

a. Maximum maturity

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 54 98.2 19 100.0 35 97.2
Eased somewhat 1 1.8 0 0.0 1 2.8
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 55 100 19 100 36 100

b. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 5 9.1 3 15.8 2 5.6
Remained basically unchanged 46 83.6 15 78.9 31 86.1
Eased somewhat 4 7.3 1 5.3 3 8.3
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 55 100 19 100 36 100

c. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 55 100.0 19 100.0 36 100.0
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 55 100 19 100 36 100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 1 1.8 1 5.3 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 53 96.4 17 89.5 36 100.0
Eased somewhat 1 1.8 1 5.3 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 55 100 19 100 36 100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 1 1.8 1 5.3 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 52 94.5 16 84.2 36 100.0
Eased somewhat 2 3.6 2 10.5 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 55 100 19 100 36 100

23. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans?

a. Maximum maturity

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 1 1.7 1 4.8 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 55 93.2 20 95.2 35 92.1
Eased somewhat 3 5.1 0 0.0 3 7.9
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 21 100 38 100

b. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 2 3.4 1 4.8 1 2.6
Remained basically unchanged 54 91.5 20 95.2 34 89.5
Eased somewhat 3 5.1 0 0.0 3 7.9
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 21 100 38 100

c. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 58 98.3 21 100.0 37 97.4
Eased somewhat 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 21 100 38 100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 3 5.1 2 9.5 1 2.6
Remained basically unchanged 56 94.9 19 90.5 37 97.4
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 21 100 38 100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Tightened considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Tightened somewhat 1 1.7 1 4.8 0 0.0
Remained basically unchanged 58 98.3 20 95.2 38 100.0
Eased somewhat 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Eased considerably 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 21 100 38 100

24. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for credit card loans changed over the past three months?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 5 10.6 2 8.7 3 12.5
About the same 40 85.1 19 82.6 21 87.5
Moderately weaker 2 4.3 2 8.7 0 0.0
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 47 100 23 100 24 100

25. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for auto loans changed over the past three months?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 10 17.5 7 36.8 3 7.9
About the same 43 75.4 11 57.9 32 84.2
Moderately weaker 4 7.0 1 5.3 3 7.9
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 57 100 19 100 38 100

26. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans changed over the past three months?

 

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Substantially stronger 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Moderately stronger 1 1.7 1 4.8 0 0.0
About the same 58 96.7 20 95.2 38 97.4
Moderately weaker 1 1.7 0 0.0 1 2.6
Substantially weaker 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 60 100 21 100 39 100

Question 27 asks you to describe the current level of lending standards at your bank relative to the range of standards that has prevailed between 2005 and the present, a period which likely encompasses a wide range of standards as seen over a credit cycle. For each of the loan categories listed below, please use as reference points the points at which standards at your bank were tightest (most restrictive or least accommodative) and easiest (most accommodative or least restrictive) during this period.

27. Using the range between the tightest and the easiest that lending standards at your bank have been between 2005 and the present, for each of the loan categories listed below, how would you describe your bank's current level of standards relative to that range?

A. C&I loans or credit lines:

a. Syndicated or club loans (large loans originated by a group of relationship lenders) to investment-grade firms (or unrated firms of similar creditworthiness)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 8 12.5 7 25.0 1 2.8
Significantly easier than the midpoint 4 6.2 3 10.7 1 2.8
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 18 28.1 9 32.1 9 25.0
Near the midpoint 24 37.5 8 28.6 16 44.4
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 8 12.5 0 0.0 8 22.2
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 1 1.6 1 3.6 0 0.0
Near the tightest level 1 1.6 0 0.0 1 2.8
Total 64 100 28 100 36 100

b. Syndicated or club loans to below-investment-grade firms (or unrated firms of similar creditworthiness)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 3 4.8 3 11.1 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 9 14.3 7 25.9 2 5.6
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 16 25.4 10 37.0 6 16.7
Near the midpoint 14 22.2 4 14.8 10 27.8
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 15 23.8 3 11.1 12 33.3
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 3 4.8 0 0.0 3 8.3
Near the tightest level 3 4.8 0 0.0 3 8.3
Total 63 100 27 100 36 100

c. Non-syndicated loans to large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 3 4.5 3 10.7 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 6 9.1 5 17.9 1 2.6
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 18 27.3 9 32.1 9 23.7
Near the midpoint 26 39.4 8 28.6 18 47.4
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 11 16.7 2 7.1 9 23.7
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 2 3.0 1 3.6 1 2.6
Near the tightest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 66 100 28 100 38 100

d. Non-syndicated loans to small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 2 3.0 2 7.4 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 3 4.5 3 11.1 0 0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 19 28.4 9 33.3 10 25.0
Near the midpoint 28 41.8 9 33.3 19 47.5
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 12 17.9 2 7.4 10 25.0
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 2 3.0 1 3.7 1 2.5
Near the tightest level 1 1.5 1 3.7 0 0.0
Total 67 100 27 100 40 100

e. Loans to very small firms (annual sales of less than $5 million)

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 1 1.5 1 3.8 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 2 3.0 1 3.8 1 2.5
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 18 27.3 9 34.6 9 22.5
Near the midpoint 32 48.5 12 46.2 20 50.0
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 9 13.6 1 3.8 8 20.0
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 2 3.0 1 3.8 1 2.5
Near the tightest level 2 3.0 1 3.8 1 2.5
Total 66 100 26 100 40 100

B. Loans or credit lines secured by commercial real estate:

a. For construction and land development purposes

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 3 4.3 2 7.1 1 2.4
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 10 14.5 5 17.9 5 12.2
Near the midpoint 23 33.3 12 42.9 11 26.8
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 23 33.3 6 21.4 17 41.5
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 9 13.0 3 10.7 6 14.6
Near the tightest level 1 1.4 0 0.0 1 2.4
Total 69 100 28 100 41 100

b. Secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 1 1.4 1 3.6 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 3 4.3 2 7.1 1 2.4
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 8 11.6 4 14.3 4 9.8
Near the midpoint 31 44.9 11 39.3 20 48.8
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 20 29.0 7 25.0 13 31.7
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 6 8.7 3 10.7 3 7.3
Near the tightest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 69 100 28 100 41 100

c. Secured by multifamily residential properties

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 1 1.4 1 3.6 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 3 4.3 2 7.1 1 2.4
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 11 15.9 6 21.4 5 12.2
Near the midpoint 26 37.7 10 35.7 16 39.0
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 21 30.4 5 17.9 16 39.0
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 7 10.1 4 14.3 3 7.3
Near the tightest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 69 100 28 100 41 100

C. Loans or credit lines secured by residential real estate (For the jumbo category, consider residential real estate loans that have balances that are above the conforming loan limits announced by the FHFA. For remaining categories, please refer to the definitions of residential real estate loan categories stated in questions 13-14):

a. GSE-eligible residential mortgage loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 14 23.7 7 33.3 7 18.4
Near the midpoint 28 47.5 6 28.6 22 57.9
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 15 25.4 7 33.3 8 21.1
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 2 3.4 1 4.8 1 2.6
Near the tightest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 59 100 21 100 38 100

b. Government residential mortgage loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 11 19.6 6 30.0 5 13.9
Near the midpoint 30 53.6 6 30.0 24 66.7
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 14 25.0 8 40.0 6 16.7
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 1 1.8 0 0.0 1 2.8
Near the tightest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 56 100 20 100 36 100

c. Jumbo residential mortgage loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 1 1.6 1 4.3 0 0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 12 19.7 4 17.4 8 21.1
Near the midpoint 23 37.7 4 17.4 19 50.0
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 19 31.1 11 47.8 8 21.1
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 6 9.8 3 13.0 3 7.9
Near the tightest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 61 100 23 100 38 100

d. Subprime residential mortgage loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 4 19.0 1 14.3 3 21.4
Near the midpoint 7 33.3 2 28.6 5 35.7
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 2 9.5 0 0.0 2 14.3
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Near the tightest level 8 38.1 4 57.1 4 28.6
Total 21 100 7 100 14 100

e. Revolving home equity lines of credit

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 1 1.8 1 4.5 0 0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 9 15.8 3 13.6 6 17.1
Near the midpoint 26 45.6 4 18.2 22 62.9
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 18 31.6 11 50.0 7 20.0
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 3 5.3 3 13.6 0 0.0
Near the tightest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 57 100 22 100 35 100

D. Consumer lending (please use your bank's own categorization for credit quality segments):

a. Credit card loans or lines of credit to prime borrowers

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 1 1.9 1 4.8 0 0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 8 15.4 4 19.0 4 12.9
Near the midpoint 34 65.4 10 47.6 24 77.4
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 9 17.3 6 28.6 3 9.7
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Near the tightest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 52 100 21 100 31 100

b. Credit card loans or lines of credit to subprime borrowers

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 6 17.1 1 7.7 5 22.7
Near the midpoint 14 40.0 3 23.1 11 50.0
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 5 14.3 2 15.4 3 13.6
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 5 14.3 3 23.1 2 9.1
Near the tightest level 5 14.3 4 30.8 1 4.5
Total 35 100 13 100 22 100

c. Auto loans to prime borrowers

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 2 3.7 2 10.5 0 0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 5 9.3 0 0.0 5 14.3
Near the midpoint 39 72.2 11 57.9 28 80.0
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 8 14.8 6 31.6 2 5.7
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Near the tightest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 54 100 19 100 35 100

d. Auto loans to subprime borrowers

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 3 9.4 1 8.3 2 10.0
Near the midpoint 15 46.9 4 33.3 11 55.0
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 4 12.5 0 0.0 4 20.0
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 5 15.6 3 25.0 2 10.0
Near the tightest level 5 15.6 4 33.3 1 5.0
Total 32 100 12 100 20 100

e. Consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 1 1.8 1 5.0 0 0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 8 14.5 4 20.0 4 11.4
Near the midpoint 38 69.1 9 45.0 29 82.9
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 5 9.1 4 20.0 1 2.9
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 3 5.5 2 10.0 1 2.9
Near the tightest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 55 100 20 100 35 100

E. Lending to nondepository financial institutions:

  All Respondents Large Banks Other Banks
Banks Percent Banks Percent Banks Percent
Near the easiest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint 5 10.9 4 22.2 1 3.6
Near the midpoint 34 73.9 11 61.1 23 82.1
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint 5 10.9 3 16.7 2 7.1
Significantly tighter than the midpoint 2 4.3 0 0.0 2 7.1
Near the tightest level 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total 46 100 18 100 28 100

1. The sample is selected from among the largest banks in each Federal Reserve District. In the table, large banks are defined as those with total domestic assets of $50 billion or more as of March 31, 2019. The combined assets of the 30 large banks totaled $10.1 trillion, compared to $10.9 trillion for the entire panel of 74 banks, and $15.3 trillion for all domestically chartered, federally insured commercial banks. Return to text

Back to Top
Last Update: August 05, 2019