July 2025 Senior Loan Officer Survey on Bank Lending Practices, Table 1

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Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States ¹

(Status of Policy as of July 2025)

Questions 1-6 ask about commercial and industrial (C&I) loans at your bank. Questions 1-3 deal with changes in your bank's lending policies over the past three months. Questions 4-5 deal with changes in demand for C&I loans over the past three months. Question 6 asks about changes in prospective demand for C&I loans at your bank, as indicated by the volume of recent inquiries about the availability of new credit lines or increases in existing lines. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

1. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for C&I loans or credit lines - other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions - to large and middle-market firms and to small firms changed? (If your bank defines firm size differently from the categories suggested below, please use your definitions and indicate what they are.)

A. Standards for large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	2	3.2	0	0.0	2	4.9
Tightened somewhat	6	9.5	2	9.1	4	9.8
Remained basically unchanged	53	84.1	19	86.4	34	82.9
Eased somewhat	2	3.2	1	4.5	1	2.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	22	100	41	100

B. Standards for small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	3	4.9	0	0.0	3	7.3
Tightened somewhat	4	6.6	1	5.0	3	7.3
Remained basically unchanged	52	85.2	19	95.0	33	80.5
Eased somewhat	2	3.3	0	0.0	2	4.9
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate C&I loans or credit lines to small firms."

2. For applications for C&I loans or credit lines-other than those to be used to finance mergers and acquisitions-from large and middle-market firms and from small firms that your bank currently is willing to approve, how have the terms of those loans changed over the past three months?

A. Terms for large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

a. Maximum size of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Tightened somewhat	3	4.8	1	4.5	2	4.9
Remained basically unchanged	54	85.7	17	77.3	37	90.2
Eased somewhat	5	7.9	4	18.2	1	2.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	22	100	41	100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.5
Remained basically unchanged	59	95.2	22	100.0	37	92.5
Eased somewhat	2	3.2	0	0.0	2	5.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	22	100	40	100

c. Costs of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	4.9	0	0.0	3	7.7
Remained basically unchanged	55	90.2	21	95.5	34	87.2
Eased somewhat	3	4.9	1	4.5	2	5.1
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	22	100	39	100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened,narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	4	6.3	0	0.0	4	9.8
Remained basically unchanged	49	77.8	18	81.8	31	75.6
Eased somewhat	10	15.9	4	18.2	6	14.6
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	22	100	41	100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	5	8.2	1	4.5	4	10.3
Remained basically unchanged	55	90.2	20	90.9	35	89.7
Eased somewhat	1	1.6	1	4.5	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	22	100	39	100

f. Loan covenants

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.5
Tightened somewhat	3	4.8	1	4.5	2	5.0
Remained basically unchanged	56	90.3	19	86.4	37	92.5
Eased somewhat	2	3.2	2	9.1	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	22	100	40	100

g. Collateralization requirements

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.5
Tightened somewhat	3	4.8	0	0.0	3	7.5
Remained basically unchanged	58	93.5	22	100.0	36	90.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	22	100	40	100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Tightened somewhat	3	4.8	0	0.0	3	7.3
Remained basically unchanged	58	92.1	22	100.0	36	87.8
Eased somewhat	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	22	100	41	100

B. Terms for small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

a. Maximum size of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Tightened somewhat	5	8.2	2	10.0	3	7.3
Remained basically unchanged	54	88.5	17	85.0	37	90.2
Eased somewhat	1	1.6	1	5.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

b. Maximum maturity of loans or credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	5.3	0	0.0	3	7.9
Remained basically unchanged	54	94.7	19	100.0	35	92.1
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	57	100	19	100	38	100

c. Costs of credit lines

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	3.3	0	0.0	2	4.9
Remained basically unchanged	56	91.8	18	90.0	38	92.7
Eased somewhat	3	4.9	2	10.0	1	2.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

d. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened,narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	4	6.8	1	5.0	3	7.7
Remained basically unchanged	49	83.1	17	85.0	32	82.1
Eased somewhat	6	10.2	2	10.0	4	10.3
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	59	100	20	100	39	100

e. Premiums charged on riskier loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	4	6.6	0	0.0	4	9.8
Remained basically unchanged	57	93.4	20	100.0	37	90.2
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

f. Loan covenants

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	2.5
Tightened somewhat	4	6.7	1	5.0	3	7.5
Remained basically unchanged	54	90.0	18	90.0	36	90.0
Eased somewhat	1	1.7	1	5.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	60	100	20	100	40	100

g. Collateralization requirements

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	2.5
Tightened somewhat	4	6.7	0	0.0	4	10.0
Remained basically unchanged	55	91.7	20	100.0	35	87.5
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	60	100	20	100	40	100

h. Use of interest rate floors (more use=tightened, less use=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	2.4
Tightened somewhat	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	2.4
Remained basically unchanged	58	96.7	19	100.0	39	95.1
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	60	100	19	100	41	100

3. If your bank has tightened or eased its credit standards or its terms for C&I loans or credit lines over the past three months (as described in questions 1 and 2), how important have the following possible reasons been for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. Possible reasons for tightening credit standards or loan terms:

a. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected capital position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	12	80.0	3	100.0	9	75.0
Somewhat Important	2	13.3	0	0.0	2	16.7
Very Important	1	6.7	0	0.0	1	8.3
Total	15	100	3	100	12	100

b. Less favorable or more uncertain economic outlook

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	1	6.7	0	0.0	1	8.3
Somewhat Important	9	60.0	3	100.0	6	50.0
Very Important	5	33.3	0	0.0	5	41.7
Total	15	100	3	100	12	100

c. Worsening of industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	6	42.9	1	33.3	5	45.5
Somewhat Important	4	28.6	2	66.7	2	18.2
Very Important	4	28.6	0	0.0	4	36.4
Total	14	100	3	100	11	100

d. Less aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	13	86.7	3	100.0	10	83.3
Somewhat Important	2	13.3	0	0.0	2	16.7
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	15	100	3	100	12	100

e. Reduced tolerance for risk

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	8	53.3	2	66.7	6	50.0
Somewhat Important	6	40.0	1	33.3	5	41.7
Very Important	1	6.7	0	0.0	1	8.3
Total	15	100	3	100	12	100

f. Decreased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	13	86.7	3	100.0	10	83.3
Somewhat Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Very Important	2	13.3	0	0.0	2	16.7
Total	15	100	3	100	12	100

g. Deterioration in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	13	86.7	3	100.0	10	83.3
Somewhat Important	2	13.3	0	0.0	2	16.7
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	15	100	3	100	12	100

h. Increased concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	5	33.3	1	33.3	4	33.3
Somewhat Important	8	53.3	2	66.7	6	50.0
Very Important	2	13.3	0	0.0	2	16.7
Total	15	100	3	100	12	100

B. Possible reasons for easing credit standards or loan terms:

a. Improvement in your bank's current or expected capital position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	12	75.0	7	87.5	5	62.5
Somewhat Important	4	25.0	1	12.5	3	37.5
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	16	100	8	100	8	100

b. More favorable or less uncertain economic outlook

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	10	62.5	5	62.5	5	62.5
Somewhat Important	5	31.2	3	37.5	2	25.0
Very Important	1	6.2	0	0.0	1	12.5
Total	16	100	8	100	8	100

c. Improvement in industry-specific problems (please specify industries)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	12	85.7	6	85.7	6	85.7
Somewhat Important	2	14.3	1	14.3	1	14.3
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	14	100	7	100	7	100

d. More aggressive competition from other banks or nonbank lenders (other financial intermediaries or the capital markets)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	2	12.5	1	12.5	1	12.5
Somewhat Important	8	50.0	4	50.0	4	50.0
Very Important	6	37.5	3	37.5	3	37.5
Total	16	100	8	100	8	100

e. Increased tolerance for risk

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	11	68.8	6	75.0	5	62.5
Somewhat Important	5	31.2	2	25.0	3	37.5
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	16	100	8	100	8	100

f. Increased liquidity in the secondary market for these loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	13	81.2	7	87.5	6	75.0
Somewhat Important	3	18.8	1	12.5	2	25.0
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	16	100	8	100	8	100

g. Improvement in your bank's current or expected liquidity position

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	14	87.5	7	87.5	7	87.5
Somewhat Important	2	12.5	1	12.5	1	12.5
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	16	100	8	100	8	100

h. Reduced concerns about the effects of legislative changes, supervisory actions, or changes in accounting standards

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	14	87.5	8	100.0	6	75.0
Somewhat Important	2	12.5	0	0.0	2	25.0
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	16	100	8	100	8	100

4. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for C&I loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

A. Demand for C&I loans from large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	3	4.8	2	9.1	1	2.4
About the same	39	61.9	14	63.6	25	61.0
Moderately weaker	21	33.3	6	27.3	15	36.6
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	63	100	22	100	41	100

B. Demand for C&I loans from small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million):

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	4	6.6	2	10.0	2	4.9
About the same	36	59.0	11	55.0	25	61.0
Moderately weaker	20	32.8	7	35.0	13	31.7
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

5. If demand for C&I loans has strengthened or weakened over the past three months (as described in question 4), how important have the following possible reasons been for the change? (Please respond to either A, B, or both as appropriate.)

A. If stronger loan demand (answer 1 or 2 to question 4A or 4B), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	2	33.3	1	25.0	1	50.0
Somewhat Important	4	66.7	3	75.0	1	50.0
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	6	100	4	100	2	100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	3	50.0	2	50.0	1	50.0
Somewhat Important	3	50.0	2	50.0	1	50.0
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	6	100	4	100	2	100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	3	50.0	1	25.0	2	100.0
Somewhat Important	3	50.0	3	75.0	0	0.0
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	6	100	4	100	2	100

d. Customer internally generated funds decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	4	66.7	3	75.0	1	50.0
Somewhat Important	1	16.7	1	25.0	0	0.0
Very Important	1	16.7	0	0.0	1	50.0
Total	6	100	4	100	2	100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	3	50.0	1	25.0	2	100.0
Somewhat Important	3	50.0	3	75.0	0	0.0
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	6	100	4	100	2	100

f. Customer borrowing shifted to your bank from other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became less attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	5	83.3	4	100.0	1	50.0
Somewhat Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Very Important	1	16.7	0	0.0	1	50.0
Total	6	100	4	100	2	100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	3	50.0	2	50.0	1	50.0
Somewhat Important	2	33.3	2	50.0	0	0.0
Very Important	1	16.7	0	0.0	1	50.0
Total	6	100	4	100	2	100

B. If weaker loan demand (answer 4 or 5 to question 4A or 4B), possible reasons:

a. Customer inventory financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	10	47.6	5	83.3	5	33.3
Somewhat Important	10	47.6	1	16.7	9	60.0
Very Important	1	4.8	0	0.0	1	6.7
Total	21	100	6	100	15	100

b. Customer accounts receivable financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	11	52.4	5	83.3	6	40.0
Somewhat Important	10	47.6	1	16.7	9	60.0
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	21	100	6	100	15	100

c. Customer investment in plant or equipment decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	3	14.3	2	33.3	1	6.7
Somewhat Important	12	57.1	2	33.3	10	66.7
Very Important	6	28.6	2	33.3	4	26.7
Total	21	100	6	100	15	100

d. Customer internally generated funds increased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	13	65.0	4	66.7	9	64.3
Somewhat Important	6	30.0	1	16.7	5	35.7
Very Important	1	5.0	1	16.7	0	0.0
Total	20	100	6	100	14	100

e. Customer merger or acquisition financing needs decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	4	19.0	1	16.7	3	20.0
Somewhat Important	14	66.7	3	50.0	11	73.3
Very Important	3	14.3	2	33.3	1	6.7
Total	21	100	6	100	15	100

f. Customer borrowing shifted from your bank to other bank or nonbank sources because these other sources became more attractive

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	14	66.7	3	50.0	11	73.3
Somewhat Important	5	23.8	3	50.0	2	13.3
Very Important	2	9.5	0	0.0	2	13.3
Total	21	100	6	100	15	100

g. Customer precautionary demand for cash and liquidity decreased

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Not Important	13	61.9	4	66.7	9	60.0
Somewhat Important	8	38.1	2	33.3	6	40.0
Very Important	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	21	100	6	100	15	100

6. At your bank, apart from seasonal variation, how has the number of inquiries from potential business borrowers regarding the availability and terms of new credit lines or increases in existing lines changed over the past three months? (Please consider only inquiries for additional or increased C&I lines as opposed to the refinancing of existing loans.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
The number of inquiries has increased substantially	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
The number of inquiries has increased moderately	9	14.8	3	14.3	6	15.0
The number of inquiries has stayed about the same	35	57.4	14	66.7	21	52.5
The number of inquiries has decreased moderately	16	26.2	4	19.0	12	30.0
The number of inquiries has decreased substantially	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.5
Total	61	100	21	100	40	100

Questions 7-12 ask about changes in standards and demand over the past three months for three different types of commercial real estate (CRE) loans at your bank: construction and land development loans, loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties, and loans secured by multifamily residential properties. Please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

7. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for construction and land development loans or credit lines changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Tightened somewhat	10	16.1	1	4.8	9	22.0
Remained basically unchanged	46	74.2	16	76.2	30	73.2
Eased somewhat	5	8.1	4	19.0	1	2.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	21	100	41	100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate construction and land development loans or credit lines."

8. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	11	18.0	1	5.0	10	24.4
Remained basically unchanged	46	75.4	16	80.0	30	73.2
Eased somewhat	4	6.6	3	15.0	1	2.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

For this question, 2 respondents answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties."

9. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving new applications for loans secured by multifamily residential properties changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Tightened somewhat	9	14.5	0	0.0	9	22.0
Remained basically unchanged	45	72.6	15	71.4	30	73.2
Eased somewhat	7	11.3	6	28.6	1	2.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	62	100	21	100	41	100

For this question, 1 respondent answered "My bank does not originate loans secured by multifamily residential properties."

10. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for construction and land development loans changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	6	9.7	4	19.0	2	4.9
About the same	43	69.4	16	76.2	27	65.9
Moderately weaker	12	19.4	1	4.8	11	26.8
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Total	62	100	21	100	41	100

11. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	6	9.8	5	25.0	1	2.4
About the same	42	68.9	14	70.0	28	68.3
Moderately weaker	13	21.3	1	5.0	12	29.3
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	20	100	41	100

12. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for loans secured by multifamily residential properties changed over the past three months? (Please consider the number of requests for new spot loans, for disbursement of funds under existing loan commitments, and for new or increased credit lines.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	11	17.7	8	38.1	3	7.3
About the same	38	61.3	12	57.1	26	63.4
Moderately weaker	12	19.4	1	4.8	11	26.8
Substantially weaker	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.4
Total	62	100	21	100	41	100

Note: Beginning with the January 2015 survey, the loan categories referred to in the questions regarding changes in credit standards and demand for residential mortgage loans have been revised to reflect the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's qualified mortgage rules.

Questions 13-14 ask about seven categories of residential mortgage loans at your bank: Government-Sponsored Enterprise eligible (GSE-eligible) residential mortgages, government residential mortgages, Qualified Mortgage non-jumbo non-GSE-eligible (QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible) residential mortgages, QM jumbo residential mortgages, non-QM jumbo residential mortgages, non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages, and subprime residential mortgages. For the purposes of this survey, please use the following definitions of these loan categories and include first-lien closed-end loans to purchase homes only. The loan categories have been defined so that every first-lien closed-end residential mortgage loan used for home purchase fits into one of the following seven categories:

The GSE-eligible category of residential mortgages includes loans that meet the underwriting guidelines, including loan limit amounts, of the GSEs - Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
The government category of residential mortgages includes loans that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration, guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, or originated under government programs, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture home loan programs.
The QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible category of residential mortgages includes loans that satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are below the loan limit amounts set by the GSEs but otherwise do not meet the GSE underwriting guidelines.
The QM jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage but have loan balances that are above the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.
The non-QM jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that do not satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are above the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.
The non-QM non-jumbo category of residential mortgages includes loans that do not satisfy the standards for a qualified mortgage and have loan balances that are below the loan limit amount set by the GSEs.(Please exclude loans classified by your bank as subprime in this category.)
The subprime category of residential mortgages includes loans classified by your bank as subprime. This category typically includes loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories that include payment delinquencies, charge-offs, judgements, and/or bankruptcies; reduced repayment capacity as measured by credit scores or debt-to-income ratios; or incomplete credit histories.

Question 13 deals with changes in your bank's credit standards for loans in each of the seven loan categories over the past three months. If your bank's credit standards have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if the standards are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's credit standards have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards.

Question 14 deals with changes in demand for loans in each of the seven loan categories over the past three months.

13. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications from individuals for mortgage loans to purchase homes changed? (Please consider only new originations as opposed to the refinancing of existing mortgages.)

A. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as GSE-eligible residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	2.4
Remained basically unchanged	58	96.7	18	94.7	40	97.6
Eased somewhat	1	1.7	1	5.3	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	60	100	19	100	41	100

For this question, 4 respondents answered "My bank does not originate GSE-eligible residential mortgages."

B. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as government residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.5
Remained basically unchanged	54	96.4	16	100.0	38	95.0
Eased somewhat	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.5
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	56	100	16	100	40	100

For this question, 7 respondents answered "My bank does not originate government residential mortgages."

C. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	54	94.7	16	88.9	38	97.4
Eased somewhat	2	3.5	2	11.1	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	57	100	18	100	39	100

For this question, 5 respondents answered "My bank does not originate QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages."

D. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as QM jumbo residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	5.0	0	0.0	3	7.5
Remained basically unchanged	54	90.0	17	85.0	37	92.5
Eased somewhat	3	5.0	3	15.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	60	100	20	100	40	100

For this question, 3 respondents answered "My bank does not originate QM jumbo residential mortgages."

E. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as non-QM jumbo residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	5.8	0	0.0	3	8.8
Remained basically unchanged	46	88.5	15	83.3	31	91.2
Eased somewhat	3	5.8	3	16.7	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	18	100	34	100

For this question, 11 respondents answered "My bank does not originate non-QM jumbo residential mortgages."

F. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	2.0	0	0.0	1	2.9
Remained basically unchanged	49	98.0	16	100.0	33	97.1
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	50	100	16	100	34	100

For this question, 13 respondents answered "My bank does not originate non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages."

G. Credit standards on mortgage loans that your bank categorizes as subprime residential mortgages have:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	16	100.0	2	100.0	14	100.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	16	100	2	100	14	100

For this question, 47 respondents answered "My bank does not originate subprime residential mortgages."

14. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for mortgages to purchase homes changed over the past three months? (Please consider only applications for new originations as opposed to applications for refinancing of existing mortgages.)

A. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as GSE-eligible residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	10	16.7	5	26.3	5	12.2
About the same	35	58.3	11	57.9	24	58.5
Moderately weaker	14	23.3	3	15.8	11	26.8
Substantially weaker	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	2.4
Total	60	100	19	100	41	100

B. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as government residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	5	8.9	3	18.8	2	5.0
About the same	38	67.9	11	68.8	27	67.5
Moderately weaker	12	21.4	2	12.5	10	25.0
Substantially weaker	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.5
Total	56	100	16	100	40	100

C. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as QM non-jumbo, non-GSE-eligible residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	1.7	1	5.6	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	4	6.9	1	5.6	3	7.5
About the same	41	70.7	15	83.3	26	65.0
Moderately weaker	11	19.0	1	5.6	10	25.0
Substantially weaker	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	2.5
Total	58	100	18	100	40	100

D. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as QM jumbo residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	1	1.7	1	5.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	7	11.9	4	20.0	3	7.7
About the same	41	69.5	14	70.0	27	69.2
Moderately weaker	10	16.9	1	5.0	9	23.1
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	59	100	20	100	39	100

E. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as non-QM jumbo residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	4	7.7	2	11.1	2	5.9
About the same	38	73.1	15	83.3	23	67.6
Moderately weaker	10	19.2	1	5.6	9	26.5
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	18	100	34	100

F. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as non-QM non-jumbo residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	2	4.0	1	6.2	1	2.9
About the same	35	70.0	13	81.2	22	64.7
Moderately weaker	12	24.0	1	6.2	11	32.4
Substantially weaker	1	2.0	1	6.2	0	0.0
Total	50	100	16	100	34	100

G. Demand for mortgages that your bank categorizes as subprime residential mortgages was:

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
About the same	12	80.0	1	100.0	11	78.6
Moderately weaker	3	20.0	0	0.0	3	21.4
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	15	100	1	100	14	100

Questions 15-16 ask about revolving home equity lines of credit at your bank. Question 15 deals with changes in your bank's credit standards over the past three months. Question 16 deals with changes in demand. If your bank's credit standards have not changed over the relevant period, please report them as unchanged even if they are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's credit standards have tightened or eased over the relevant period, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing standards as changes in standards.

15. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for revolving home equity lines of credit changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	4	6.9	0	0.0	4	9.8
Remained basically unchanged	53	91.4	17	100.0	36	87.8
Eased somewhat	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	2.4
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	58	100	17	100	41	100

For this question, 5 respondents answered "My bank does not originate revolving home equity lines of credit."

16. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand for revolving home equity lines of credit changed over the past three months? (Please consider only funds actually disbursed as opposed to requests for new or increased lines of credit.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	2	3.4	2	11.8	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	12	20.7	7	41.2	5	12.2
About the same	38	65.5	8	47.1	30	73.2
Moderately weaker	6	10.3	0	0.0	6	14.6
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	58	100	17	100	41	100

Questions 17-26 ask about consumer lending at your bank. Question 17 deals with changes in your bank's willingness to make consumer installment loans over the past three months. Questions 18-23 deal with changes in credit standards and loan terms over the same period. Questions 24-26 deal with changes in demand for consumer loans over the past three months. If your bank's lending policies have not changed over the past three months, please report them as unchanged even if the policies are either restrictive or accommodative relative to longer-term norms. If your bank's policies have tightened or eased over the past three months, please so report them regardless of how they stand relative to longer-term norms. Also, please report changes in enforcement of existing policies as changes in policies.

17. Please indicate your bank's willingness to make consumer installment loans now as opposed to three months ago. (This question covers the range of consumer installment loans defined as consumer loans with a set number of scheduled payments, such as auto loans, student loans, and personal loans. It does not cover credit cards and other types of revolving credit, nor mortgages, which are included under the residential real estate questions.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Much more willing	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat more willing	5	8.9	4	21.1	1	2.7
About unchanged	49	87.5	15	78.9	34	91.9
Somewhat less willing	2	3.6	0	0.0	2	5.4
Much less willing	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	56	100	19	100	37	100

For this question, 8 respondents answered "My bank does not originate consumer installment loans."

18. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for credit cards from individuals or households changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	7	14.6	4	20.0	3	10.7
Remained basically unchanged	39	81.2	14	70.0	25	89.3
Eased somewhat	2	4.2	2	10.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	48	100	20	100	28	100

For this question, 15 respondents answered "My bank does not originate credit card loans to individuals or households."

19. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for auto loans to individuals or households changed? (Please include loans arising from retail sales of passenger cars and other vehicles such as minivans, vans, sport-utility vehicles, pickup trucks, and similar light trucks for personal use, whether new or used. Please exclude loans to finance fleet sales, personal cash loans secured by automobiles already paid for, loans to finance the purchase of commercial vehicles and farm equipment, and lease financing.)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	3.8	1	5.9	1	2.9
Remained basically unchanged	46	88.5	13	76.5	33	94.3
Eased somewhat	4	7.7	3	17.6	1	2.9
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	17	100	35	100

For this question, 11 respondents answered "My bank does not originate auto loans to individuals or households."

20. Over the past three months, how have your bank's credit standards for approving applications for consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans changed?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	5.7	1	6.7	2	5.3
Remained basically unchanged	49	92.5	14	93.3	35	92.1
Eased somewhat	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	2.6
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	15	100	38	100

For this question, 10 respondents answered "My bank does not originate consumer loans other than credit card or auto loans."

21. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on new or existing credit card accounts for individuals or households?

a. Credit limits

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	4	8.3	2	10.0	2	7.1
Remained basically unchanged	43	89.6	17	85.0	26	92.9
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	1	2.1	1	5.0	0	0.0
Total	48	100	20	100	28	100

b. Spreads of interest rates charged on outstanding balances over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	2.1	1	5.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	45	93.8	18	90.0	27	96.4
Eased somewhat	2	4.2	1	5.0	1	3.6
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	48	100	20	100	28	100

c. Minimum percent of outstanding balances required to be repaid each month

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Remained basically unchanged	48	100.0	20	100.0	28	100.0
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	48	100	20	100	28	100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	5	10.4	3	15.0	2	7.1
Remained basically unchanged	42	87.5	16	80.0	26	92.9
Eased somewhat	1	2.1	1	5.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	48	100	20	100	28	100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	3	6.2	2	10.0	1	3.6
Remained basically unchanged	45	93.8	18	90.0	27	96.4
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	48	100	20	100	28	100

22. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on loans to individuals or households to purchase autos?

a. Maximum maturity

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	2.9
Remained basically unchanged	49	94.2	15	88.2	34	97.1
Eased somewhat	2	3.8	2	11.8	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	17	100	35	100

b. Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	3.8	1	5.9	1	2.9
Remained basically unchanged	43	82.7	12	70.6	31	88.6
Eased somewhat	7	13.5	4	23.5	3	8.6
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	17	100	35	100

c. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	2.9
Remained basically unchanged	50	96.2	16	94.1	34	97.1
Eased somewhat	1	1.9	1	5.9	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	17	100	35	100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	2.9
Remained basically unchanged	49	94.2	15	88.2	34	97.1
Eased somewhat	2	3.8	2	11.8	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	17	100	35	100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	2.9
Remained basically unchanged	50	96.2	16	94.1	34	97.1
Eased somewhat	1	1.9	1	5.9	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	17	100	35	100

23. Over the past three months, how has your bank changed the following terms and conditions on consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans?

a. Maximum maturity

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	52	98.1	15	100.0	37	97.4
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	15	100	38	100

b.Spreads of loan rates over your bank's cost of funds (wider spreads=tightened, narrower spreads=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	50	94.3	14	93.3	36	94.7
Eased somewhat	2	3.8	1	6.7	1	2.6
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	15	100	38	100

c. Minimum required down payment (higher=tightened, lower=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	52	98.1	15	100.0	37	97.4
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	15	100	38	100

d. Minimum required credit score (increased score=tightened, reduced score=eased)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	2.6
Remained basically unchanged	52	98.1	15	100.0	37	97.4
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	15	100	38	100

e. The extent to which loans are granted to some customers that do not meet credit scoring thresholds (increased=eased, decreased=tightened)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Tightened considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Tightened somewhat	2	3.8	0	0.0	2	5.3
Remained basically unchanged	51	96.2	15	100.0	36	94.7
Eased somewhat	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Eased considerably	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	15	100	38	100

24. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for credit card loans changed over the past three months?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	4	8.3	4	20.0	0	0.0
About the same	34	70.8	13	65.0	21	75.0
Moderately weaker	10	20.8	3	15.0	7	25.0
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	48	100	20	100	28	100

25. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for auto loans changed over the past three months?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	10	19.2	5	29.4	5	14.3
About the same	35	67.3	10	58.8	25	71.4
Moderately weaker	7	13.5	2	11.8	5	14.3
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	52	100	17	100	35	100

26. Apart from normal seasonal variation, how has demand from individuals or households for consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans changed over the past three months?

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Substantially stronger	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Moderately stronger	3	5.7	2	13.3	1	2.6
About the same	43	81.1	12	80.0	31	81.6
Moderately weaker	7	13.2	1	6.7	6	15.8
Substantially weaker	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	53	100	15	100	38	100

27. Using the range between the tightest and the easiest that lending standards at your bank have been between 2005 and the present, for each of the loan categories listed below, how would you describe your bank?s current level of standards relative to that range? If a different time frame (other than between 2005 and the present) would better encompass the most recent period over which your bank?s standards have spanned the range of easiest to tightest, please indicate that reference range in the comment box below.

A. C&I loans or credit lines:

a. Syndicated or club loans (large loans originated by a group of relationship lenders) to investment-grade firms (or unrated firms of similar creditworthiness)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	1	1.7	1	4.5	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	2	3.4	2	9.1	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	9	15.3	4	18.2	5	13.5
Near the midpoint	34	57.6	11	50.0	23	62.2
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	10	16.9	4	18.2	6	16.2
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	3	5.1	0	0.0	3	8.1
Near the tightest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	59	100	22	100	37	100

b. Syndicated or club loans to below-investment-grade firms (or unrated firms of similar creditworthiness)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	1	1.7	1	4.5	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	1	1.7	1	4.5	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	12	20.3	7	31.8	5	13.5
Near the midpoint	19	32.2	7	31.8	12	32.4
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	19	32.2	5	22.7	14	37.8
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	7	11.9	1	4.5	6	16.2
Near the tightest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	59	100	22	100	37	100

c. Non-syndicated loans to large and middle-market firms (annual sales of $50 million or more)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	1	1.6	1	4.5	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	1	1.6	1	4.5	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	8	13.1	5	22.7	3	7.7
Near the midpoint	40	65.6	12	54.5	28	71.8
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	10	16.4	3	13.6	7	17.9
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.6
Near the tightest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	61	100	22	100	39	100

d. Non-syndicated loans to small firms (annual sales of less than $50 million)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	1	1.7	1	5.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	4	6.8	2	10.0	2	5.1
Near the midpoint	41	69.5	14	70.0	27	69.2
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	11	18.6	2	10.0	9	23.1
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	2	3.4	1	5.0	1	2.6
Near the tightest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	59	100	20	100	39	100

e. Loans to very small firms (annual sales of less than $5 million)

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	1	1.7	1	5.3	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	7	12.1	1	5.3	6	15.4
Near the midpoint	37	63.8	13	68.4	24	61.5
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	9	15.5	3	15.8	6	15.4
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	4	6.9	1	5.3	3	7.7
Near the tightest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	58	100	19	100	39	100

B. Loans or credit lines secured by commercial real estate:

a. For construction and land development purposes

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	3	4.8	1	4.5	2	5.0
Near the midpoint	23	37.1	10	45.5	13	32.5
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	28	45.2	8	36.4	20	50.0
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	7	11.3	2	9.1	5	12.5
Near the tightest level	1	1.6	1	4.5	0	0.0
Total	62	100	22	100	40	100

b. Secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	2	3.3	0	0.0	2	5.0
Near the midpoint	26	42.6	9	42.9	17	42.5
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	26	42.6	9	42.9	17	42.5
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	5	8.2	2	9.5	3	7.5
Near the tightest level	2	3.3	1	4.8	1	2.5
Total	61	100	21	100	40	100

c. Secured by multifamily residential properties

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	4	6.5	2	9.1	2	5.0
Near the midpoint	30	48.4	11	50.0	19	47.5
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	22	35.5	7	31.8	15	37.5
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	5	8.1	2	9.1	3	7.5
Near the tightest level	1	1.6	0	0.0	1	2.5
Total	62	100	22	100	40	100

C. Loans or credit lines secured by residential real estate (For the jumbo category, consider residential real estate loans that have balances that are above the conforming loan limits announced by the FHFA. For remaining categories, please refer to the definitions of residential real estate loan categories stated in questions 13-14):

a. GSE-eligible residential mortgage loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	1	1.8	1	5.6	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	1	1.8	1	5.6	0	0.0
Near the midpoint	40	71.4	11	61.1	29	76.3
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	11	19.6	3	16.7	8	21.1
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	2	3.6	2	11.1	0	0.0
Near the tightest level	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.6
Total	56	100	18	100	38	100

b. Government residential mortgage loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	1	1.8	1	5.9	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.6
Near the midpoint	39	70.9	11	64.7	28	73.7
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	12	21.8	4	23.5	8	21.1
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	1	1.8	1	5.9	0	0.0
Near the tightest level	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.6
Total	55	100	17	100	38	100

c. Jumbo residential mortgage loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	2	3.6	0	0.0	2	5.3
Near the midpoint	34	60.7	9	50.0	25	65.8
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	14	25.0	5	27.8	9	23.7
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	5	8.9	4	22.2	1	2.6
Near the tightest level	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	2.6
Total	56	100	18	100	38	100

d. Revolving home equity lines of credit

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	2.7
Near the midpoint	37	68.5	8	47.1	29	78.4
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	10	18.5	4	23.5	6	16.2
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	5	9.3	5	29.4	0	0.0
Near the tightest level	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	2.7
Total	54	100	17	100	37	100

D. Consumer lending (please use your bank?s own categorization for credit quality segments):

a. Credit card loans or lines of credit to prime borrowers

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	1	1.8	1	5.3	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	3	5.5	0	0.0	3	8.3
Near the midpoint	38	69.1	11	57.9	27	75.0
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	10	18.2	5	26.3	5	13.9
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	1	1.8	1	5.3	0	0.0
Near the tightest level	2	3.6	1	5.3	1	2.8
Total	55	100	19	100	36	100

b. Credit card loans or lines of credit to subprime borrowers

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	1	2.3	1	6.7	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	2	4.5	1	6.7	1	3.4
Near the midpoint	29	65.9	8	53.3	21	72.4
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	7	15.9	3	20.0	4	13.8
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	3	6.8	1	6.7	2	6.9
Near the tightest level	2	4.5	1	6.7	1	3.4
Total	44	100	15	100	29	100

c. Auto loans to prime borrowers

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	4	7.3	1	5.6	3	8.1
Near the midpoint	41	74.5	12	66.7	29	78.4
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	5	9.1	2	11.1	3	8.1
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	3	5.5	2	11.1	1	2.7
Near the tightest level	2	3.6	1	5.6	1	2.7
Total	55	100	18	100	37	100

d. Auto loans to subprime borrowers

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	1	2.3	1	7.7	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	2	4.7	1	7.7	1	3.3
Near the midpoint	26	60.5	7	53.8	19	63.3
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	7	16.3	1	7.7	6	20.0
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	3	7.0	1	7.7	2	6.7
Near the tightest level	4	9.3	2	15.4	2	6.7
Total	43	100	13	100	30	100

e. Consumer loans other than credit card and auto loans

	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent	Banks	Percent
	All Respondents		Large Banks		Other Banks
Near the easiest level	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Significantly easier than the midpoint	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Somewhat easier than the midpoint	2	3.8	0	0.0	2	5.6
Near the midpoint	37	71.2	8	50.0	29	80.6
Somewhat tighter than the midpoint	11	21.2	7	43.8	4	11.1
Significantly tighter than the midpoint	1	1.9	1	6.2	0	0.0
Near the tightest level	1	1.9	0	0.0	1	2.8
Total	52	100	16	100	36	100

1. The sample is selected from among the largest banks in each Federal Reserve District. In the table, large banks are defined as those with total domestic assets of $100 billion or more as of March 31, 2025. The combined assets of the 23 large banks totaled $13.5 trillion, compared to $15 trillion for the entire panel of 65 banks, and $21.1 trillion for all domestically chartered, federally insured commercial banks. Return to text

Last Update: August 04, 2025

Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices

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Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States 1

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Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices at Selected Large Banks in the United States ¹