Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

Note: Figure displays wealth that the typical Black, Hispanic, and other race family had as a percent of the wealth of the typical White family.

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2023).

Notes: Figure displays the contributions to growth in average wealth between 2019 and 2022 from various types of assets by race and ethnicity. Bars above zero indicate holdings of the asset increased, while bars below zero show holdings of the asset declined. Average total wealth growth for each race and ethnicity is denoted by the dots. Except for Hispanic families, contribution bars appear in the order in which they appear in the legend, though the other wealth contribution for other race families is small. The stock wealth contribution for Hispanic families is a small negative and appears below zero.

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2023).

Notes: Figure displays the contributions to growth in average income between 2019 and 2022 from various income sources by race and ethnicity. Bars above zero indicate the income source grew, while bars below zero show the income source shrank. Average total income growth for each race and ethnicity is denoted by the dots. SSI is Supplemental Security Income. The figure excludes one Black family from the 2019 survey with the highest Retirement and SSI.* Contributions bars appear in the order listed in the legend except for the following: Retirement income appears below zero and other sources appears at the top for Black families. Investment income, retirement income, and other sources appear in this order descending from zero for other race families.

*This sentence was added on October 23, 2023. Return to text

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2023).

Notes: Figure displays the median share of pre-tax income families used to make required payments on loans, rent, and other fees by race and ethnicity, using the ''rent-inclusive payment-to-income ratio'' from Chang, Hsu, Pack, and Palumbo (2018). We look at families with positive income. Higher numbers indicate more income went to these required payments, and so higher numbers imply families had less income to otherwise spend or save.

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2023).

Notes: Figure displays the share of families that said they did not have a good idea of family income next year, by race and ethnicity. Non-White families were more likely than White families to be uncertain about future income. While families of all races and ethnicities were more uncertain about future income in 2022 than in 2019, the increase in uncertainty was larger for non-White families. The key identifies series in order from left to right.

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2023).

Notes: Figure displays the percent of families that said they expected the economy to perform worse over the next five years, compared to the previous five years, by race and ethnicity. A much higher share of families of each race and ethnicity displayed pessimism about the future economy in 2022 than in 2019. The key identifies series in order from left to right.

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2023).