2025 Speeches
Chair Jerome H. Powell
At the George P. Shultz Memorial Lecture Series: Shultz and Economic Policy, Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, California
AI, the Economy, and Financial Stability
Vice Chair Philip N. Jefferson
At the 2025 Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Financial Stability Conference, Cleveland, Ohio
Governor Michael S. Barr
At the 2025 National College Fed Challenge Finals, Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C.
A Policymaker’s View of Financial Stability
Governor Lisa D. Cook
At Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business Psaros Center for Financial Markets and Policy, Washington, D.C.
Regulatory Dominance of the Federal Reserve’s Balance Sheet
Governor Stephen I. Miran
At the Bank Policy Institute and Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council, Washington, D.C.
The Case for Strong, Effective Banking Supervision
Governor Michael S. Barr
At the Alan Meltzer Speaker Series, Kogod School of Business, American University, Washington, D.C.
The Case for Continuing Rate Cuts
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At the Society of Professional Economists Annual Dinner, London, United Kingdom
Economic Outlook and Monetary Policy
Vice Chair Philip N. Jefferson
At the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
Governor Michael S. Barr
At the Singapore Fintech Festival, Singapore
A Global Stablecoin Glut: Implications for Monetary Policy
Governor Stephen I. Miran
At the BCVC Summit 2025, Harvard Club of New York City, New York, New York
Vice Chair Philip N. Jefferson
At Euro20+, Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt, Germany
The Economic Outlook and Monetary Policy
Governor Lisa D. Cook
At The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C.
Vice Chair for Supervision Michelle W. Bowman
At the Economic Growth and Regulatory Paperwork Reduction Act Outreach Meeting, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
Supporting Investment in Communities: The First 25 Years of the New Markets Tax Credit
Governor Michael S. Barr
At the 2025 Fall New Markets Tax Credit Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana
Governor Michael S. Barr
At the Crossing the Credit Barrier: Advancing Access and Creating Opportunities Conference, St. Louis, Missouri (via pre-recorded video)
Governor Michael S. Barr
At the Opportunity Finance Network Conference, Washington, D.C. (via pre-recorded video)
Embracing New Technologies and Players in Payments
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At the Payments Innovation Conference, Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C.
Vice Chair for Supervision Michelle W. Bowman
At the 2025 Federal Reserve Stress Testing Research Conference, Boston, Massachusetts (via pre-recorded video)
Exploring the Possibilities and Risks of New Payment Technologies
Governor Michael S. Barr
At 2025 D.C. Fintech Week, Washington, D.C.
Cutting Rates in the Face of Conflicting Data
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At the Council on Foreign Relations, New York, New York
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At DC Fintech Week, Arlington, Virginia
Understanding the Fed’s Balance Sheet
Chair Jerome H. Powell
At the 67th Annual Meeting of the National Association for Business Economics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Community Banking: Looking Toward the Future
Vice Chair for Supervision Michelle W. Bowman
At the Community Bank Conference, hosted by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, D.C.
The Economic Outlook and Monetary Policy
Governor Michael S. Barr
At the Economic Club of Minnesota Luncheon, Golden Valley, Minnesota
Vice Chair for Supervision Michelle W. Bowman
At the Community Bank Conference, hosted by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, D.C.
Chair Jerome H. Powell
At the Community Bank Conference, Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C. (via pre-recorded video)
Economic Data and Research in Indian Country
Governor Michael S. Barr
At the Center for Indian Country Development Tenth Anniversary and Data Summit, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Community Banking: The Cornerstone of Building Communities
Governor Michael S. Barr
At the 2025 Community Banking Research Conference, St. Louis, Missouri
Vice Chair for Supervision Michelle W. Bowman
At the 2025 Community Banking Research Conference, St. Louis, Missouri (via pre-recorded video)
Economic Outlook and the Fed’s Monetary Policy Framework
Vice Chair Philip N. Jefferson
At the Drexel Economic Forum, Drexel University LeBow College of Business, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Monetary Policy Frameworks and the U.S. Economic Outlook
Vice Chair Philip N. Jefferson
At "Monetary Policy in the Shadow of Geopolitical Tensions and Trade Conflicts," the fourth International Monetary Policy Conference hosted by the Bank of Finland, Helsinki, Finland
The Next Frontier of Payments Innovation
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At Sibos 2025, Frankfurt, Germany
Thoughts on Monetary Policy Decisionmaking and Challenges Ahead
Vice Chair for Supervision Michelle W. Bowman
At the Forecasters Club of New York Luncheon, New York, New York
Preserving the Dynamism and Credibility of Stress Testing
Governor Michael S. Barr
At the Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington, D.C.
Chair Jerome H. Powell
At the Greater Providence Chamber of Commerce 2025 Economic Outlook Luncheon, Warwick, Rhode Island
Views on the Economy and Monetary Policy
Vice Chair for Supervision Michelle W. Bowman
At the 2025 Kentucky Bankers Association Annual Convention, Asheville, North Carolina
Nonmonetary Forces and Appropriate Monetary Policy
Governor Stephen I. Miran
At the Economic Club of New York, New York, New York
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At the Economic Club of Miami, Miami, Florida
Monetary Policy and the Fed’s Framework Review
Chair Jerome H. Powell
At “Labor Markets in Transition: Demographics, Productivity, and Macroeconomic Policy,” an economic symposium sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Jackson Hole, Wyoming
Technological Advancements in Payments
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At the Wyoming Blockchain Symposium 2025, Teton Village, Wyoming
Vice Chair for Supervision Michelle W. Bowman
At the Wyoming Blockchain Symposium 2025, Teton Village, Wyoming
Thoughts on the Economy and Community Bank Capital
Vice Chair for Supervision Michelle W. Bowman
At the Kansas Bankers Association 2025 CEO & Senior Management Summit, Colorado Springs, Colorado
Statement by Governor Christopher J. Waller
Governor Christopher J. Waller
Statement by Vice Chair for Supervision Michelle W. Bowman
Vice Chair for Supervision Michelle W. Bowman
Chair Jerome H. Powell
At the Integrated Review of the Capital Framework for Large Banks Conference, Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C.
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At the Money Marketeers of New York University, New York, New York
Governor Lisa D. Cook
At the National Bureau of Economic Research, Summer Institute 2025: Digital Economics and Artificial Intelligence, Cambridge, Massachusetts
A View of the Housing Market and U.S. Economic Outlook
Governor Adriana D. Kugler
At the Housing Partnership Network Symposium, Washington, D.C.
Booms and Busts and the Regulatory Cycle
Governor Michael S. Barr
At The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C.
Governor Michael S. Barr
At "Unleashing a Financially Inclusive Future," the second annual Financial Inclusion Conference hosted by the Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C.
Vice Chair for Supervision Michelle W. Bowman
At "Unleashing a Financially Inclusive Future," the second annual Financial Inclusion Conference hosted by the Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C. (via prerecorded video)
Demystifying the Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Dallas, Texas
Community Development at the Federal Reserve
Governor Michael S. Barr
At the Policy Summit 2025: Building Strong and Sustainable Communities, hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
Governor Michael S. Barr
At a Fed Listens event hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Omaha, Nebraska
Governor Adriana D. Kugler
At a Fed Listens event hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Schenectady, New York
Unintended Policy Shifts and Unexpected Consequences
Vice Chair for Supervision Michelle W. Bowman
At “Assessing the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic,” a research conference sponsored by the International Journal of Central Banking and the Czech National Bank, Prague, Czech Republic
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At “Assessing the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic” 2025 IJCB Research Conference, hosted by the Czech National Bank and the International Journal of Central Banking, Prague, Czech Republic
Taking a Fresh Look at Supervision and Regulation
Vice Chair for Supervision Michelle W. Bowman
At the Georgetown University McDonough School of Business Psaros Center for Financial Markets and Policy, Washington, D.C.
The Economic Outlook and Appropriate Monetary Policy
Governor Adriana D. Kugler
At the Economic Club of New York, New York, New York
Governor Lisa D. Cook
At a Fed Listens event hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
Governor Lisa D. Cook
At the Council on Foreign Relations, New York, New York
Chair Jerome H. Powell
At the Division of International Finance 75th Anniversary Conference, Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C.
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At “Structural Shifts and Monetary Policy,” 2025 Bank of Korea International Conference, Bank of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
Governor Adriana D. Kugler
At the 2025 Federal Reserve Board Macro-Finance Workshop, Washington, D.C.
Chair Jerome H. Powell
At Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
Governor Lisa D. Cook
At the Seventh Annual Women in Macro Conference cosponsored by New York University’s Graduate School of Arts & Science, New York University’s Stern School of Business & University of Chicago’s Becker Friedman Institute for Economics, New York, New York
Governor Adriana D. Kugler
At the Economics Commencement Ceremony, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
Liquidity Facilities: Purposes and Functions
Vice Chair Philip N. Jefferson
At "Financial Intermediation in Transition: How Will Policy Adapt?" 2025 Financial Markets Conference, sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Fernandina Beach, Florida
Governor Michael S. Barr
At the 2025 Northeast / Mid-Atlantic Small Business Credit Symposium, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York, New York (via pre-recorded video)
Chair Jerome H. Powell
At the Second Thomas Laubach Research Conference, hosted by the Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C.
Vice Chair Philip N. Jefferson
At the Annual Conference of Second District Directors and Advisors, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York, New York
The Role of Economic Research in Central Banking
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At the Award Ceremony for the Winners of the Bank Al-Maghrib Prize for Economic and Financial Research, Bank of Al-Maghrib, Rabat, Morocco
Governor Adriana D. Kugler
At the International Economic Symposium, cohosted by the National Association for Business Economics and the Central Bank of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
Opening Remarks on Productivity Dynamics
Governor Lisa D. Cook
At "Finishing the Job and New Challenges," a monetary policy conference hosted by the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, California
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At the "John Taylor and Taylor Rules in Policy" Hoover Monetary Policy Conference: Finishing the Job and New Challenges, The Hoover Institution, Stanford, California
Governor Adriana D. Kugler
At the Reykjavík Economic Conference 2025, Central Bank of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
Artificial Intelligence and the Labor Market: A Scenario-Based Approach
Governor Michael S. Barr
At the Reykjavík Economic Conference 2025, Central Bank of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
Four Guides for the Journey Ahead
Governor Lisa D. Cook
At the James Madison College 2025 Spring Commencement, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At a Fed Listens Event hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
Transmission of Monetary Policy
Governor Adriana D. Kugler
At the Heller-Hurwicz Economics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Economic Mobility and the Dual Mandate
Vice Chair Philip N. Jefferson
At the Economic Mobility Summit, hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Deepfakes and the AI Arms Race in Bank Cybersecurity
Governor Michael S. Barr
At the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York, New York
Chair Jerome H. Powell
At the Economic Club of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
2025 Distinguished Alumna Award Acceptance Remarks
Governor Lisa D. Cook
At the Cal Alumni Club of Washington, D.C. Annual Reception, Washington, D.C.
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At the Certified Financial Analysts Society of St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
Inflation Dynamics and the Phillips Curve
Governor Adriana D. Kugler
At Ec10b Principles of Economics Lecture, Department of Economics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Governor Michael S. Barr
At the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Chair Jerome H. Powell
At the Society for Advancing Business Editing and Writing Annual Conference, Arlington, Virginia
The Economic Outlook and Path of Policy
Governor Lisa D. Cook
At the 2025 McKay Lecture, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
U.S. Economic Outlook and Central Bank Communications
Vice Chair Philip N. Jefferson
At “Financial Intermediaries, Markets, and Monetary Policy,” a conference sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta and the University of Virginia Darden School of Business, Atlanta, Georgia
Inflation Expectations and Monetary Policymaking
Governor Adriana D. Kugler
At “Public Talk: Reflections on Recent Economic Developments,” cosponsored by the Griswold Center for Economic Policy Studies and the Julis-Rabinowitz Center for Public Policy and Finance, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
Latinos, Entrepreneurs, and the U.S. Economy
Governor Adriana D. Kugler
At the 2025 U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Legislative Summit, Washington, D.C.
Helping Small Businesses Reach Their Potential
Governor Michael S. Barr
At The Aspen Institute, Washington, D.C.
Statement by Governor Christopher J. Waller
Governor Christopher J. Waller
Chair Jerome H. Powell
At the University of Chicago Booth School of Business 2025 U.S. Monetary Policy Forum, New York, New York
The Rebalancing of Labor Markets across the World
Governor Adriana D. Kugler
At the Conference on Monetary Policy Transmission and the Labor Market, Banco de Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
Remarks on "Monetary Policy Transmission to Real Activity" and the Recent Experience
Governor Michelle W. Bowman
At the 2025 U.S. Monetary Policy Forum, New York, New York
Governor Michelle W. Bowman
At The Robbins Banking Institute Lecture Series, Hays, Kansas
Promoting Responsible Innovation through the Novel Activities Program
Vice Chair for Supervision Michael S. Barr
At Alliance for Innovative Regulation, Washington, D.C.
Vice Chair for Supervision Michael S. Barr
At Yale School of Management, Program on Financial Stability, New Haven, Connecticut
Reading between the Lines? Textual Analysis of Central Bank Communications
Vice Chair Philip N. Jefferson
At the Macroeconomics and Monetary Policy Conference, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Navigating Inflation Waves: A Phillips Curve Perspective
Governor Adriana D. Kugler
At the Whittington Lecture, McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.
Risks and Challenges for Bank Regulation and Supervision
Vice Chair for Supervision Michael S. Barr
At Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C.
How Healthy are U.S. Households’ Balance Sheets?
Vice Chair Philip N. Jefferson
At the Martin H. Crego Lecture in Economics, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York
Artificial Intelligence: Hypothetical Scenarios for the Future
Vice Chair for Supervision Michael S. Barr
At the Council on Foreign Relations, New York, New York
Disinflation Progress Uneven but Still on Track Rates Cuts on Track as Well
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At the University of New South Wales Macroeconomic Workshop, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Brief Remarks on the Economy and Accountability in Supervision, Applications, and Regulation
Governor Michelle W. Bowman
At The American Bankers Association 2025 Conference for Community Bankers, Phoenix, Arizona
Reflections on a Maturing Stablecoin Market
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At A Very Stable Conference, San Francisco, California
Bank Regulation in 2025 and Beyond
Governor Michelle W. Bowman
At the 2025 Iowa Bankers Association Bank Management and Policy Conference, Des Moines, Iowa (virtual)
Governor Bowman presented identical remarks to the Kansas Bankers Association Government Relations Conference, Topeka, Kansas, on February 5, 2025.
Entrepreneurship and Aggregate Productivity
Governor Adriana D. Kugler
At 2025 Miami Economic Forum, Economic Club of Miami, Miami, Florida
Bank Regulation in 2025 and Beyond
Governor Michelle W. Bowman
At the 2025 Wisconsin Bankers Association Bank Executives Conference, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Governor Bowman presented identical remarks to the Kansas Bankers Association Government Relations Conference, Topeka, Kansas, on February 5, 2025.
Vice Chair Philip N. Jefferson
At Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania
Bank Regulation in 2025 and Beyond
Governor Michelle W. Bowman
At the Kansas Bankers Association Government Relations Conference, Topeka, Kansas
Governor Bowman presented identical remarks at the 2025 Wisconsin Bankers Association Bank Executives Conference, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on February 7, 2025, and at the 2025 Iowa Bankers Association Bank Management and Policy Conference, Des Moines, Iowa (virtual), on February 11, 2025.
U.S. Economic Outlook and Monetary Policy
Vice Chair Philip N. Jefferson
At the Economics Department Special Lecture, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania
Brief Remarks on the Economy, and Perspective on Mutual and Community Banks
Governor Michelle W. Bowman
At The New England CEO Summit, Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Reflections on 2024: Monetary Policy, Economic Performance, and Lessons for Banking Regulation
Governor Michelle W. Bowman
At the California Bankers Association 2025 Bank Presidents Seminar, Laguna Beach, California
Challenges Facing Central Bankers
Governor Christopher J. Waller
At Lectures of the Governor, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France
An Assessment of the Economy and Financial Stability
Governor Lisa D. Cook
At the Seventh Conference on Law and Macroeconomics, University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, Michigan